Deficiencies on Laboratory Facilities in Criminalistics Encountered by PNPA Cadets

Theoretical Framework

The theory that supports this study is Kolb’s experiential learning theory. This theory is a

two level theory that involves a four-stage cycle of learning and four separate learning styles

(McLeod, 2017). According to Pashler et al., (2008) this theory states that the learning process

involves first, the acquisition of abstract concepts. Second, this abstract concepts can be applied

flexibly in different situations, leading a learner to develop new concepts as a product of

experiences. David Kolb concluded that learning is the process whereby knowledge is created

through the transformation of experience. This theory will be used to determine how deficiencies

on laboratory facilities affects the learning or acquisition of new knowledge of PNPA Cadets in

the area of Criminalistics.

Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory can also be anchored in this study. This theory

states that an individual’s acquisition of knowledge is directly related to observing others through

social interactions and actual experiences (Bandura, 1991). Lagowski (2000) concluded in his

study that when people observe a model of behavior, it follows that the observer remembers the

sequence of events and use this to guide subsequent behaviors. In application in this study, one of

the express purpose of laboratories in educational institutions id to increase student interest and

motivation in learning the subject (Hegartly-Hazel, 1990). Thus, Social Cognitive Theory can be

used to explain why laboratories play a great role in the field of Criminalistics in PNPA.
Significance of the Study

The results of the study will be beneficial to the following:

PNPA Cadets. The PNPA Cadets will be soon public safety service officers that is highly

expected to have professional competence specially in Criminalistics. Hence, having a well-

equipped laboratory facility in Criminalistics is very important. This will help in preparing the

cadets to be highly competent officers because they are able to learn through simulated experience

inside a laboratory. Thus, they will be ready to face actual work efficiently.

PNPA Professors. This will aid the PNPA Professors in teaching Criminalistics. Since

this subject is not that easy to teach and explain at the same time. Through a laboratory, they are

able to maximize their teaching style and can impart knowledge and practical competencies in an

easier and convenient way to the PNPA Cadets.

PNPA. The academy will greatly benefit this study because they are able to raise the bar,

in terms of producing quality PNPA graduates if given the chance to have a well-equipped

laboratory facility.
Scope and Limitations

This study will focus on the effect of deficiencies on laboratory facilities in criminalistics

encountered by PNPA Cadets. This is limited only between the PNPA Cadets and Professors on

July to December 2018 in the Philippine National Police Academy.

Sources:

McLeod, S. A. (2017). Kolb - learning styles. Retrieved from

www.simplypsychology.org/learning-kolb.html

Pashler, H., McDaniel, M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. (2008). Learning styles: Concepts and
evidence. Psychological science in the public interest, 9(3), 105-119.

Bandura A. (1991). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall, p. 391.
Hegarty-Hazel, E. (1990). The student laboratory and the science curriculum: An overview. In E.
Hegarty-Hazel (Ed.), The student laboratory and the science curriculum (pp. 3- 26). New York:
Routledge.

Lagowski, J. J. (2000). Lessons from the 21st century. Journal of Chemical Education, 77(7),
818-823.