The Company for

Surveying Technology
Welcome to the Tunnel
Guidance Systems
Presented by
Rita Lindemann
System Engineer VMT
Tunnel Guidance Systems
TBM launch at the Adlertunnel, Switzerland
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Breakthrough
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Typical Segmentally Lined Tunnel
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EPB Shield

1. Cutting wheel 6. Erector

2. Drive Unit 7. Screw conveyor gate
3. Push cylinder 8. Segment handler
4. Air lock 9. Segment crane
5. Screw conveyor 10. Conveyor
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Mixshield

1. Cutting wheel 9. Erector

2. Air bubble 10. Segment conveyor
3. Bentonite suspension 11. Slurry pump
4. Drive unit 12. Segment crane
5.Stone crusher 13. Main Electrical panel
6 Push cylinder 14. Cable reeling drum
7. Air lock 15. Discharge line
8. Steer cylinder / 16. Feed line
tail shield
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Hard Rock TBM

1. Rock cutter head 5. Conveyor I

2. Drive Unit 6. Segment handler
3. Push cylinder 7. Electrical switch gear
4. Erector 8. Conveyor II
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Laser Window Through TBM Backup

LASER

ALTU TARGET LASER WINDOW

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Laser Beam
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SLS-T Hardware Components-Overview
Laser Station ALTU Laser Target Yellow Box

Cable Drum Industrial PC

Central Box
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Laser Theodolite

Servo Motor controlled

Leica TCA 1203 with ATR

Built in GUS74 Laser

Angle and Distance measurement to Active

Target and Backsight prisms
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Fully Motorized Laser Theodolite
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Yellow Box

Microprocessor controlled interface box for

data conversion to RS232- Format

Power supply and electrical isolation for the

Laser Theodolite
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Active Laser Target ALTU

Measurement of precise centre of the laser spot position in X and Y and the horizontal angle of
incidence of the laser beam at the target screen

Pitch and Roll measured by dual axis inclinometer

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ELS Target in large TBM

ALTU Target Position

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Shuttered prism
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SLS-T APD Machine Schematic

Laser Beam
L eica

M eda S
in w
izet dnrla

T
SRAT
E
SL TFS
ET

2 4 VC D
IN U
PT
E
SNO
SR

2
1 VDC
U
OT U
PT

U
BS
2
1V DC
U
OT U
PT

PLC

Reserve Reserve ELS Theo

extern Modem

zuPC zuPC

Connector Block
Telephone Line
Visulization

Telephone Line
Support

Segment
TBM

Project: T123 / S255 Gijon

Information

Content : Hardwareconfiguration SLS-T

Draw By: Alexander Knorr

Date : 04.09.2003

Data file : T123/dokument/hardwareschema.vsd

VMTGmbH
Gesellschaf t f ür Vermessungst echnik
St egwiesenst raße24
76646 Bruchsal

Tel : +49 72519699-0

Fax: +49 7251 9699-22
E-Mail: inf o@vmt -gmbh.de
Int ernet: www.vmt -gmbh.de
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Functions of SLS-T:

Real time numerical and graphical presentation

of the machine position

Control and correction of the deviations of

the TBM relative to the DTA

Automatic Laser moving

Automatic Direction check

Saving of all drive related values in system

database
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System Software

User Friendly

Password protected

Speedy worldwide service by integrated modem and remote control

Operating System:
Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP

Remote display in site office

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Machine Position Displayrelated to the DTA

Tendency DTA /CC

ELS Values

TBM-Position, Tunnelcircles
numerical

TBM-Position
graphical
Date & Time
Project Tunnel Axis

Dialog Box

Function Keys
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Machine Position Display related to the Correction Curve

Tendency CC

TBM-Position,
numerical

TBM-Position
graphical

Correction Curve
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Machine History Display
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Machine Diagram Display
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Ring Position Display

Advance Number

Key Segment
Ring Type

Ring Number

Minimum Taper

Decrease Advance Number Increase Advance Number

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Full Advance Report Record or Printout
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Software Module Structure

Laser Change
DTA editor Bearing Control

TBM-Position

Ring Sequence
SLS-T core
TBM Tendencies

Ring-Position
Documentation

TBM-History Ring-History
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Ring Erection
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Tapered Ring Options
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Ring Build Machine Parameters

K1
STR K2 S3
S1
AR

Main Jacks RR
TG
ELS Target Steering Jacks Laser Beam 101 100 99 98

T3
T2 T4
T1 3 S2 2
1
4 Segment Axis

Erector

RL
Main Shield
STL AL Tail Shield
K2
Cutter Head K1
β
K3
T1 = Azimuth of Cutter Head τ
T2 = Azimuth of Articulation Jacks
T3 = Azimuth of Tail Shield
T4 = Azimuth of Lining Segment in the direction of the Cutter Head T = Angle resulting from gap between steering jacks and constants K3
STR = Steering Jack Reading - Right K1 = Steering Jack constant in the Cutter Head
STL = Steering Jack Reading - Left K2 = Steering Jack constant in the Tail Shield (Constant steering jack = K1 + K2) - in Zero Position
STT = Steering Jack Reading - Top K3 = Constant Heading Jack - in Zero Position
STB = Steering Jack Reading - Bottom S1 = Cutter Head Length (front edge of cutter to steering jack stroke)
V1 = Vertical Angle of Cutter Head in Heading Direction S2 = Distance between the Steering Jack Articulations in shield centre
V2 = Vertical Angle of Articulation in Heading Direction S3 = Length of Tail Shield between Steering Jack stroke and tail seal
V3 = Vertical Angle of Tail Shield in Heading Direction S4 = Length between articulation jacks Left and Right
V4 = Vertical Angle of Last Installed Ring in Heading Direction RR = Ring Clearance Right
AR = Front Measure Right RL = Ring Clearance Left
AL = Front Measure Left RT = Ring Clearance Top
AT = Front Measure Top RB = Ring Clearance Bottom
AB = Front Measure Bottom TG = Target Distance from Steering Jack in the direction of the cutter head
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Laser Projected Through Congested Work Area

Laser Beam
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Correction Curve
Ring Build Sequence
for Correction Curve
Azimuth of TBM

Tunnelling Machine

DTA
Correction Curve

Finished Tunnel
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Correction Curve
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Overall Ring Design
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Location of Ring Centreline

E D D C C B B A A H H G G F F E E
KEY

F E E D D CC B B A A H H G G F F
KEY

F E E D D C C BB A A H H GG F
KEY

H G G F F E E D D CC BB A A H H HORIZONTAL OFFSET
KEY
VERTICAL OFFSET
H G G F F E E DD C C B B A A H
KEY

A H H G G F F E E D D C C BB A
KEY

A H H GG F F EE D D C C BB A
KEY

B A A H H GG F F E E D D C C B
KEY

B A A H H GG F F E E D D C C B
KEY

C BB A A H H GG F F E E D D C
KEY

C BB A A H H G G F F E E D D C
KEY

D C C B B A A H H G G FF E E D
KEY

D C C B B A A H H G G F F E E D
KEY

E DD C C BB A A H H G G F F E
KEY
LEFT HAND AXIS

INVERT
CROWN

RIGHT HAND AXIS

INVERT

-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300 +400 +500

(RIGHT HAND SIDE HORIZONTALLY) (LEFT HAND SIDE HORIZONTALLY)

DIRECTION OF DRIVE LOCATION OF RING CENTRE FOR RING

SEQUENCE INDICATED ON LEFT

DEVELOPED VIEW ON INTRADOS OF LINING INDICATING

THE 14 KEY POSITIONS
SCALE 1:100
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Segment Positioning in Relation to Main Ram Pads
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Joint Alignment
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All Permitted Ring Rotation Options

L7 R21
L5 R23

L3 R25

L1 R27

L27 R1

L25 R3
L23 R5
L21 R7
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Initial Values 1 – Data Entry Page
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Ram Extension Measurements

Automatic transfer from the PLC to the VMT PC

Adjustment relaited to nominal Position 3, 6, 9, and 12 o‘clock

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Trailing shield parameter

Segment
25mm

40mm

Sealing Protection Machine Body

25mm Tailskin

Measured Tailskin Clearance = 50mm

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Main Ring Sequencing Display Next ring

Off set of the ring

Related to DTA

Result for the

Next five
advance

Calculation
button Dierection of
ring

Theoretical gap
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Pull down menue to select other rings

Select next rings

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Initial Values 2 – Data Entry Page

Values from SLS-T

Fixed
values
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Ring Sequencing Calculation Results
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Statistic

Direction of ring
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Ring Centre Offset Diagram
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Feasible radius
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Candidates
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Segments touching the trailing shield

Segment
8mm

40mm

Sealing Protection Machine Body

25mm Tailskin

Measured Tailskin Clearance = 33mm

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Negativ tailskin clearance

Expected negativ
gap
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Result for negativ tailskin clearance

Theoretical
values
Negativ gap
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Ring Types - Parameters
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Next Rings Sequence Options
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Next Rings Sequence Options
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Exceptional Next Rings Sequence Options
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Ring Succession Diagram
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Fixed Rings for Cross Passages
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Administrate Fixed Rings
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Common Ring Build Problems
BIRDS MOUTHING

STEPPING

LIPPING
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Damaged Segments

Damage to tunnel lining

to be avoided
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Segmental Dimensional Tolerance

Angle of Joint Plane from perpendicular,

measured at Face of Joint ±0.03°

Width – Inside Diagonal Chords

Circumferential Face on a given segment
to Circumferential Face ±0.06” (1.5 mm) Angle of Joint Plane from
± 0.04” (± 1.0 mm) Perpendicular, measured
Max each face ± 0.02” at Face of Joint ±0.03°
(± 0.5 mm)
Variations of Joint surface
from plane ± 0.03” (± 0.75mm)

Thickness -0.0” (-0.0 mm)

+0.118” (3.0 mm)
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Segment Tolerance

Internal Radius of Ring

± 0.06” (1.5mm)

Circumferential Length
Radial face to Radial face
± 0.06” (1.5mm)
Max each face
± 0.03” (0.75mm)

Theoretical Centre of
Circular Tunnel Lining
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Benefits Of Correct Ring Placement

Ring sequencing ensures correct ring type supplied to the face

Order of segments is correct for build

Ring Build is better
Ring Build is quicker
Machine steering off the ring is easier
Installation of temporary tracks on ring is better
Muck and Material trains travel faster on better aligned tracks
Project advances quicker
Thank you for your attention !