Professional Documents
Culture Documents
On Ÿfgjfbt Qgÿiplogqjn Ÿ
On Ÿfgjfbt Qgÿiplogqjn Ÿ
9
ÿ
9 99ÿ
ÿ
EFGHIJKJLÿNJOÿIPLOGQJOÿPQÿNGOÿILGFPOGOÿRPÿRPOJLLGNNGÿIPLOGQJ
ILGSPOTGQJNUÿVLJWJHGOÿNJÿIPLOGQJÿPQÿOXÿWGWJNTRJRYÿFGHGÿXQÿFGQZX
[XPÿTQWPLJFW\JÿRTQJHTFJHPQWPÿFGQÿOXÿPQWGLQGÿPNÿFXJNÿTQ]
FGQOWJQWPHPQWPÿPQÿOXÿP[XTNT^LTGUÿ_HIXNOJHGOÿNJÿWLJQOSGLHJF
IPLOGQJNÿ`ÿILGSPOTGQJNÿFGQÿRPRTFJFTaQÿ`ÿLPOIPWGYÿILGIGLFTGQJQ
bPLLJHTPQWJOÿ[XPÿIPLHTWJQÿJNÿTQRTcTRXGÿWGHJLÿNJÿRTLPFFTaQÿ[XPÿRPO
FLPPLÿPQÿOTÿHTOHGÿ`ÿPQÿOXÿTQdQTWGÿIGWPQFTJNYÿPQFGQWLJLÿPNÿP[XTNT^
TQWPLTGLÿ`ÿPNÿJLHGQeJÿPQÿWGRGOÿOXOÿFPQWLGOfÿHPQWJNYÿSeOTFGYÿPHGFTG
PQPLghWTFGU
ÿ
jJÿHPWGRGNGgeJÿRPÿWLJ^JZGÿWTPQPÿXQÿPQSG[XPÿbGNeOWTFGÿ[XPÿPHITPkJÿ
XQÿRTJgQaOWTFGÿRPNÿPOWJRGÿJFWXJNÿPQÿ[XPÿOPÿPQFXPQWLJÿNJÿIPLOGQJÿI
RPWPLHTQJLYÿFGQÿPNNJYÿG^ZPWTcGOÿHPRT^NPOÿ`ÿJFFTGQPOÿFGQFLPWJOÿIJLJÿ
IXPRJÿLPOGNcPLÿOXOÿQPFPOTRJRPOÿ̀ÿNGgLJLÿOXOÿILaIGOTWGOU
ÿ
EÿWGRJÿIPLOGQJÿ[XPÿPOWhÿ^XOFJQRGÿXQÿFJH^TGÿPQÿOXÿcTRJÿGÿ
OTHINPHPQWPÿQPFPOTWPÿPQFGQWLJLÿP[XTNT^LTGÿ`ÿPOWJ^TNTRJRYÿWJQWGÿ
mH^TWGÿIPLOGQJNÿFGHGÿILGSPOTGQJNYÿ`ÿHPZGLJLÿOXÿPOWJRGÿRPÿOJNXRn
FGHGÿJÿPHILPOJOÿ[XPÿ[XTPLJQÿTHIXNOJLÿPNÿLPQRTHTPQWGYÿNJÿHGWTcJFTa
PNÿOPQWTHTPQWGÿRPÿOJWTOSJFFTaQÿ`ÿIPLWPQPQPQFTJÿRPÿOXOÿWLJ^JZJRGLPO
FGHGÿOXOÿG^ZPWTcGOÿPOWLJWhgTFGOÿ̀ÿGLgJQTkJFTGQJNPOU
XRJHGOÿJÿILPIJLJLÿWXÿFJQRTRJWXLJÿ JÿIJLJÿPNÿhvTWGÿJÿWLJchOÿRPÿNJÿFLPJFTaQÿRPÿXQÿFXLLTFXNXHÿcTWJPÿPSPFWTcGÿ`ÿJ
LPQRPLÿFaHGÿPHIPkJLÿXQJÿFJHIJKJÿJFWTcJÿRPÿ^\O[XPRJnÿJOeÿHTOHGÿWPÿILGIGLFTGQJHGOÿbPLLJHTPQWJOÿIJLJ
XPRJOÿJILGcPFbJLÿJNÿHmvTHGÿWXOÿILGITGOÿLPFXLOGOÿ`ÿFGHXQTFJLWPÿRPÿSGLHJÿPdFJkÿ`ÿbJFPLÿ[XPÿRPOWJ[XPÿWX
GÿRPÿFJLJÿJÿXQJÿPQWLPcTOWJÿRPÿWLJ^JZGUÿVPÿJFGHIJKJLPHGOÿIJLJÿ[XPÿHPZGLPOÿWXOÿRP^TNTRJRPOÿ`ÿIGWPQFTPOÿWXO
PkJOÿ`ÿLPFXIPLPOÿ`ÿSGHPQWPOÿWXÿJXWGPOWTHJÿ`ÿHGWTcJFTaQnaQnÿPcJNXJLPHGOÿWXÿIGWPQFTJNÿ`ÿJQJNTkJLPHGOÿWXÿFJLLPLJ
TGQJNYÿWXOÿFGHIPWPQFTJOÿ`ÿJQJNTkJLPHGOÿPNÿHPLFJRGÿIJLJÿ[XPÿIXPRJOÿPQSGFJLÿWXÿ^\O[XPRJÿPQÿNJÿRTLPFFTaQ
WJU
012ÿ4567
oNÿFGJFbTQgÿIPLOGQJNÿPOÿXQÿILGFPOGÿHX`ÿFGQFLPWGY GYÿPSPFWTcGÿ
Gÿ`ÿLmITRGU
RGUÿpPLHTWPÿTRPQWTdFJLÿXQÿG^ZPWTcGÿ Gÿ`ÿFPQWLJÿWGR
WLJ^JZGÿRPNÿFGJFbÿFGHGÿJFGHIJKJRGLÿ̀ÿRPNÿFGJFbPPqIJFTPQWPÿFGHGÿJFWGLÿJNÿFGQOPgXTHTPQWGÿ GÿRPÿXQÿLPOXNWJRGÿ
RGÿRPdQTR
POIPFedFGUÿrXJN[XTPLÿIL
ÿILGFPOGÿRPÿJXWGFGQGFTHTPQWGY GYÿTHINTFJQRGÿXQÿFJH^TGÿRPÿIPLOIPFWTcJÿ`ÿRPÿLPsFGQdgXLJF
HPQWJNYÿO
ÿOPLmÿPdFJkÿ`ÿNÿNNPcJLmÿJÿNGgLJLÿQXPOWLGOÿG^ZPWTcGOYÿFXJQRGÿgPQPLPÿXQÿJNTQPJHTPQWGÿRPÿHPQWPYÿFXPLI
PHGFTGQPOÿtFGTQFTRPQFTJÿPQWLPÿNGÿ[XPÿITPQOGÿsÿNGÿ[XPÿOTPQWGÿsÿNGÿ[XPÿRTgGÿsÿNGÿ[XPÿbJgGu GuU
oNÿILGFPOGÿRPÿFGJFbTQgÿPHILPOJLTJNÿPQLJekJY JYÿSGHPQWJÿ Jÿ`ÿPNÿcJNGLÿRPNÿFGHILGHTOGn
JÿPNÿOPQWTRGÿRPÿIPLWPQPQFTJÿ GnÿRPOJLL
NJOÿFGHIPWPQFTJOYÿNJÿ
JÿcTOTaQÿPOWLJWhgTFJÿ̀ÿ
Jÿ̀ÿNJÿ
JÿPSPFWTcTRJRÿPQÿIPQOJHTPQWGOYÿJFWGOÿ̀ÿ PnÿLPOIGQOJ^TNTkJÿPNÿFGJFbPP
ÿ̀ÿNPQgXJZPn
POWPÿFJOGÿPZPFXWTcGOÿGÿ^TPQÿP[XTIGOÿIGLÿPZUuÿFXJNÿPZPFXWGLÿRPÿOXÿILGITJOÿPNPFFTGQPOU
012ÿ4567
!"ÿ$%&!'"ÿ'$ÿ()(ÿ*"((ÿ+ÿ,+!'!$"ÿ-"+!'!$".ÿ/0!$"ÿ$ÿ($+ÿ"ÿ"1(ÿ($+"(ÿ2)ÿ(
ÿ"ÿ'"+"ÿ ($"ÿ'$(!+"$+ÿ."ÿ$ÿ()ÿ".!+"+3ÿ4 ÿ4$".!5"ÿ+ÿ0'0ÿ()ÿ+"+6ÿ()ÿ'$(!)'!7$6ÿ(!.ÿ+ÿ8!+"6
%9"(ÿ2)ÿ0":"ÿ+!+ÿ();!ÿÿ(&ÿ();!$+6ÿ.ÿ!ÿ+ÿ"*"<ÿ2)ÿ+(1 ="6ÿ."ÿ& '"ÿ+.ÿ"=6ÿ.ÿ"9(ÿ$ÿ2)
'3ÿ>"ÿ+!" !"ÿ!$ÿ.ÿ*<!8ÿ
ÿ+ÿ!+$!;!'"ÿ.(ÿ".!1$(ÿ2)ÿ1<ÿ(ÿ"+" "$ÿ"ÿ."(ÿ+!;$(ÿ"."'!$(
7.!'"(ÿ:ÿ?ÿÿ+!%(!8"(ÿ:ÿ."(ÿ+)'!+"(ÿÿ)$"ÿ$;1+"+3ÿ@)ÿ;!$".!+"+ÿ!1"!"ÿ(ÿ')"ÿ.ÿ%"$!(1ÿ$ÿ.
$ÿ$ÿ2)ÿ$;1"Aÿ8$!ÿ$;1+"+(ÿ:ÿ+!(;)$'!$(Aÿ":)+"ÿ".ÿ!$+!8!+)ÿ"ÿBCÿ'$'ÿ()(ÿ$'(!+"+(
7.!'"(ÿ:ÿ" $+ÿ'71ÿ".!1$"(ÿ+ÿ1"$"ÿ(".)+"*.3ÿDÿ"ÿ"6ÿ$ÿ().ÿ$ÿ.ÿ;'ÿ$ÿ."ÿ'"$!+"+ÿ(!$
$ÿ."ÿ'".!+"+ÿ+ÿ.(ÿ".!1$(Aÿ+ÿ(ÿ1+ÿ!+$!;!'"ÿ.(ÿ".!1$(ÿ2)ÿ1<"$ÿ.ÿ("+ÿ+ÿ(".)+ÿ+.ÿ"'!$ÿ:
6ÿ$ÿ'"(ÿ'$"!6ÿ()."$ÿ<)+!'!".(ÿ""ÿ()ÿ2)!.!*!ÿ:ÿ*!$("3
012ÿ4567
p*ÿq3$&'3.7.->*ÿ2l'ÿ9/&ÿ&7ÿ2&)3.ÿ9/&ÿ6/1*ÿ&'ÿ7*ÿ%@6$36*ÿ9/&ÿ0&123%&ÿ3)&$%3:36*1ÿ7*'ÿ,&11*23&$%*'ÿ6.11&6%*'ÿ0*1*ÿ320/7'*
*/%.11&-/7*63A$ÿ.1-l$36*ÿ)&7ÿ0*63&$%&< .ÿ6/?.'ÿ%&'%&.'ÿ%3&$&$ÿ/$ÿ*2073.ÿ&'0&
&<ÿm'ÿ0.1ÿ7.ÿ%*$%.ÿ/$*ÿ%@6$36*ÿ)&ÿ)3*-$A'%36.ÿ
%&1*0@/%36.ÿ&$ÿ8*13.'ÿ$38&7&'4ÿ&'%1/6%/1*7+ÿ2/'6/7.r&'9/&7@%36.+ÿ:3'3.7A-36.+ÿ;3.9/>236.+ÿ$/%1363.$*7+ÿ2&$%*7+ÿ&2.63.
&$&1-@%36.<
p*ÿs3$&'3.7.->*ÿ&'ÿ/$*ÿ)3'63073$*ÿ9/&ÿ0&123%&ÿ&8*7/*1ÿ7.'ÿ)&'&9/373;13.'ÿ&$ÿ7*ÿ0&1'.$*+ÿ*ÿ%1*8@'ÿ)&ÿ7*ÿ:/$63.$*73)*)ÿ?ÿ)&7ÿ%
2/'6/7*1&'+ÿ:*8.1&63&$).ÿ&7ÿ*/%.11&-/7*63A$ÿ.1-l$36*ÿ)&7ÿ6/&10.+ÿ*ÿ%1*8@'ÿ)&ÿ'/ÿ&'%1/6%/1*+ÿ'/'ÿ:/$63.$&'+ÿ'/ÿ&$&1->*< *<
p*ÿs3$&'3.7.->*ÿ3)&$%3:36*ÿ7*ÿ$*%/1*7&o*ÿ)&ÿ7.'ÿ;7.9/&.'ÿ?ÿ*0736*ÿ7*ÿ*12.$3o*63A$ÿ6.11&'0.$)3&$%&ÿ&$ÿ&7ÿ$38&7ÿ2l'ÿ*)&6/*).
012ÿ4567
&'ÿ/$ÿ2@%.).ÿ)&ÿ61&6323&$%.ÿ?ÿ)&'*11.77.ÿ0&1'.$*7ÿ?ÿ'*$*63A$ÿ$*%/1*7<ÿm7ÿt&3s3ÿ*12.$3o*ÿ&7ÿ6/&10.+ÿ7*ÿ2&$%&+ÿ7*'
.$&'ÿ:*6373%*$).ÿ&7ÿ&9/373;13.ÿ)&ÿ$/&'%1.ÿ'3'%&2*<ÿu/ÿ01.0A'3%.ÿ&'ÿ73;&1*1ÿ7.'ÿ;7.9/&.'ÿ&$&1-@%36.'ÿ?ÿ&9/373;1*1ÿ$/&'%1*
*ÿ83%*7+ÿ;/'6*$).ÿ7*ÿ*12.$>*ÿ?ÿ0.%&$63*$).ÿ7*ÿ6*0*63)*)ÿ*/%.r6/1*%38*ÿ)&7ÿ6/&10.ÿ,/2*$.<ÿp*ÿ%&1*03*ÿt&3s3+ÿ&$%1&
&6%.'+ÿ1&)/6&ÿ01.-1&'38*2&$%&ÿ&7ÿ&'%1@'ÿ?*ÿ9/&ÿ01.)/6&ÿ/$ÿ&'%*).ÿ)&ÿ01.:/$)*ÿ *ÿ1&7*v*63A$wÿ*?/)*ÿ*ÿ8&$6&1ÿ&7ÿ23&).
$'3&)*)ÿ2&$%*7wÿ)3'23$/?&ÿ).7.1&'ÿ?ÿ%&$'3.$&'ÿ2/'6/7*1&'wÿ*/2&$%*ÿ7*ÿ67*13)*)ÿ2&$%*7ÿ?ÿ7*ÿ6.$6&$%1*63A$ÿ0*1*
*1ÿ?x.ÿ%1*;*v*1wÿ73;&1*ÿ
*ÿ01.-1&'38*2&$%&ÿ7*'ÿ&2.63.$&'ÿ1&01323)*'+ÿ*12.$3ol$).7*'<<<
012ÿ4567
5.2;3$*ÿ).'ÿ.ÿ2l'ÿ%1*%*23&$%.'ÿ?ÿ7.-1*ÿ6.$ÿ1*03)&oÿ&9/373;13.+ÿ'*7/)ÿ?ÿ6*72*ÿ2&$%*7<ÿy&ÿ&'%*ÿ:.12*ÿ0.)1l'ÿ;&$&:363*1%&
01.-1*2*'ÿ,&6,.'ÿ*ÿ%/ÿ2&)3)*ÿ*01.8&6,*$).ÿ)&ÿ%*13:*'ÿ&'0&63*7&'ÿ?ÿ*'>ÿ6.$'%1/31ÿ%/ÿ;3&$&'%*1<ÿp*ÿ6.2;3$*63A$ÿ
$ÿ)&ÿ%.).
'3207&2&$%&ÿ)&ÿ*7-/$*'ÿ)&ÿ&'%*'ÿ,&11*23&$%*'ÿ'&1lÿ%/ÿ&7&663A$ÿ'&-D$ÿ%/'ÿ$&6&'3)*)&'ÿ&$ÿ&7ÿ2.2&$%.ÿ01&'&$%&ÿ?ÿ*ÿ1*>o
.wÿ)36,*ÿ6.2;3$*63A$ÿ%&ÿ01.0.163.$*1lÿ&9/373;13.ÿ3$%&-1*7+ÿ/$ÿ&'%*).ÿ)&ÿ*12.$>*ÿ?ÿ0*o+ÿ
)3*-$A'%36.ÿ?ÿ)&7ÿ*'&'.1*23&$%.w
01.:/$)*ÿ6.$63&$63*ÿ?ÿ6.2/$36*63A$ÿ3$%&13.1&'<
m7ÿ)3*-$A'%36.ÿ*7ÿ9/&ÿ'&ÿ77&-*ÿ)&ÿ&'%*ÿ2*$&1*ÿ&'ÿ/$*ÿ01*6%36*ÿ3$%&13.1ÿ9/&ÿ6.23&$o*ÿ6.$ÿ&7ÿ&$%1&$.ÿ)&ÿ7*ÿ2&$%&ÿ0
*01&$)&1ÿ*ÿ6.$&6%*1ÿ6.$ÿ7*'ÿ&2.63.$&'ÿ?+ÿ'&-/3)*2&$%&+ÿ6.$ÿ7*ÿ.;'&18*63A$ÿ)&7ÿ6/&10.ÿ?ÿ)&ÿ6A2.ÿ7*ÿ0&1'.$*ÿ7.ÿ6/3)*ÿ
&'6/6,*<ÿu&ÿ%1*%*ÿ;l'36*2&$%&ÿ)&ÿ*01&$)&1ÿ&7ÿ*1%&ÿ)&ÿ7*ÿ83)*ÿ?ÿ*0.1%*17&ÿ6*73)*)ÿ-1*63*'ÿ*ÿ7.'ÿ1&6/1'.'ÿ9 ÿ9/&ÿ&'%l$
$.'.%1.'<
012ÿ4567
ÿ
9ÿ
ÿÿÿÿÿ
ÿÿÿÿÿ
9
0112ÿ456
Eÿ
ÿÿ
ÿF
ÿGÿHÿÿÿ
ÿ
ÿ
"ÿIÿ"ÿ
ÿÿÿJ
K
L=7ÿ/,-43%ÿ*-ÿ(%75-0ÿ0ÿ304824ÿ5-ÿ,.0ÿ/0490ÿ9-.M82/0Aÿ/%.ÿ70*ÿ-N3-42-./20*Aÿ*-.82(2-.8%*Aÿ-(%/2%.-*A
4-/,-45%*ÿ&ÿ3-.*0(2-.8%*<ÿO,0450ÿ*,*ÿ*-/4-8%*ÿ10*80ÿ+,-ÿ+,-4-(%*ÿ5-*/2:4047%*ÿ&ÿ.%ÿ*-ÿ/0.*0ÿ5-
504.%*ÿ32*80*ÿ-.ÿ:%4(0ÿ5-ÿ*C.8%(0*Aÿ+,-ÿ-*ÿ*,ÿ:%4(0ÿ5-ÿ106704<PÿQ*Cÿ-N372/0ÿR,@ÿS0*0.%T0*Aÿ0,8%40ÿ5-7
7264%ÿUR0ÿ(-(%420ÿ/%43%407V<ÿW<<<X
z{|}~ÿ{
|
ijÿriis
rwtsÿiwisÿvoÿxrilinos
ilÿjtÿlitjmptpÿÿisqoÿqmivi
0112ÿ456 wovsiwrivwmtsy
itjqviluotwmvu
ÿÿÿÿÿYÿÿ"ZYÿ"!
"
ÿÿ["ÿ8
\-48ÿ$-772.9-4ÿ-*ÿ,.ÿ:27;*%:%Aÿ8-;7%9%Aÿ3-509%9%Aÿ.0/25%ÿ-.ÿR-2(-.ÿ]Q7-(0.20^ÿ-7ÿ_`ÿ5-ÿ52/2-(64-ÿ5-
_abc<ÿd-ÿ/%.*25-40ÿ-7ÿ:,.505%4ÿ5-ÿ70ÿ8-40320ÿ840.*9-.-40/2%.07ÿ5-ÿR0*ÿS%.*8-70/2%.-*ÿe0(27204-*<ÿW<<<Xÿ=.
-*80ÿ-.84-T2*80ÿ$-772.9-4ÿ-N372/0ÿ/;(%ÿ-7ÿ*2*8-(0ÿ:0(27204ÿ2(30/80Aÿ2.:7,&-Aÿ9,C0ÿ.,-*840*ÿ4-70/2%.-*ÿ5-
304-?0ÿ&ÿ*,*ÿ52.)(2/0*Aÿ34%3%4/2%.0.5%ÿ2.8-4-*0.8-*ÿ4-:7-N2%.-*ÿ+,-ÿ3,-5-.ÿ0&,504ÿ/,07+,2-4ÿ3-4*%.0ÿ0
-./%.8404*-ÿ/%.ÿ*2ÿ(2*(%ÿ&ÿ0ÿ4-*3-804*-ÿ&ÿ4-*3-804ÿ-7ÿ%84%<
0112ÿ456
012345678ÿ
ÿ
87ÿ463ÿ01
756ÿÿÿ5678ÿ4