Experiments on working of gyroscope, operation and analysis.

EXPERIMENT No. 4

AIM :- To Study Gyroscopic Effects Through Models.

APPARATUS USED:- Models of Aeroplane and ship.

THEORY :- The earliest observation and studies on gyroscopic phenomenon carried out duringNewton‟s time.
These were made in the context of the motion of our planet which in effect in a massive gyroscopic. The credit
of the mathematical foundation of the principles of gyroscopic motion goes to Euler who derived at set of
dynamic equation relating applied mechanics and moment inertia, angular acceleration and angular velocity in
many machines, the rotary components are forced to turn about their axis other than their own axis of rotation
and gyroscopic effects are thus setup. The gyroscopes are used in ships to minimize the rolling & pitching
effects of water.

Effect of the Gyroscopic Couple on an Aeroplane :-

 When the aeroplane takes a right turn under similar conditions. The effect of the reactive gyroscopic
couple will be to dip the nose and raise the tail of the aeroplane.
 When the engine or propeller rotates in anticlockwise direction when viewed from the rear or tail end
and the aeroplane takes a left turn, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to dip the nose
and raise the tail of the aeroplane.
 When the aeroplane takes a right turn under similar conditions as mentioned in note above,the effect
of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the nose and dip the tail of the aeroplane.
 When the engine or propeller rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from the front and the
aeroplane takes a left turn, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the tail and dip
the nose of the aeroplane.
 When the aeroplane takes a right turn under similar conditions as mentioned in note above,the effect of
reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the nose and dip the tail of theaeroplane. The
effect of gyroscopic couple on the naval ship in the following three cases :
1- Steering 2- Pitching and 3- Rolling

Effect of the Gyroscopic Couple on a Naval ship during Steering :-

 When the ship steers to the right under similar conditions as discussed above, the effect of the
reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the stern and lower the bow.
 When the rotor rotates in the anticlockwise direction, when viewed from the stern and the ship is steering
to the left, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to lower the bow and raise the stern.
 When the ship is steering to the right under similar conditions as discussed in note above, then the effect
of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the bow and lower the stern.
 When the rotor rotates in the clockwise direction when viewed from the bow or fore end and the ship is
steering to the left, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the stern and lower the
bow.
 When the ship is steering to the right under similar conditions as discussed in note 4above, then the effect
of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the bow and lower the stern.
 The effect of the reactive gyroscopic couple on a boat propelled by a turbine taking left or right turn is
similar as discussed above.

Effect of the Gyroscopic Couple on a Naval ship during Pitching :-

 The effect of the gyroscopic couple is always given on specific position of the axis of spin, i.e.
 whether it is pitching downwards or upwards.
 The pitching of a ship produces forces on the bearings which act horizontally and perpendicular to
the motion of the ship.
 The maximum gyroscopic couple tends to shear the holding-down bolts.
 The angular acceleration during pitching.
 α = d2θ/dt2 = -Φ(ω1)2 sin ω1t (Differentiating dθ/dt with respect to t)

The angular acceleration is maximum, if sin ω1t = 1

Therefore Maximum angular acceleration during pitching,
αmax = Φ(ω1)2

Effect of the Gyroscopic Couple on a Naval ship during Rolling:- We know that, for the effect of gyroscopic
couple to occur, the axis of precession should always be perpendicular to the axis of spin. If, however, the axis
of precession becomes parallel to the axis of spin, there will be no effect of the gyroscopic couple acting on the
body of the ship.
In case of rolling of a ship, the axis of precession (i.e. longitudinal axis) is always parallel to the axis
of spin for all positions. Hence, there is no effect of the gyroscopic couple acting on the body of a ship.

APPLICATIONS :- The gyroscopic principle is used in an instrument or toy known as gyroscope. The
gyroscopes are installed in ships in order to minimize the rolling and pitching effects of waves. They are also
used in aeroplanes, monorail cars, gyrocompasses etc.
 EXPERIMENT No. 5
AIM :- To determine gyroscopic couple on Motorized Gyroscope.

THEORY :- When a body moves along a curved path with a uniform linear velocity, a force in the direction
of centripetal acceleration (known as centripetal force) has to be applied externally over the body, so that it
moves along the required curved path. This external force applied is known as active force. When a body, itself,
is moving with uniform linear velocity along a circular path, it is subjected to the centrifugal force radially
outwards. This centrifugal force is called reactive force.
The change in angular momentum is known as active gyroscopic couple(I.ω.ω p). When the axis of spin itself
moves with angular velocity ωp, the disc is subjected to reactive couple whose magnitude is same (i.e. I.ω.ωp
) but opposite in direction to that of active couple.

APPARATUS USED:- Motorized Gyroscope Apparatus, weights, tachometer.

EXPERIMENTAL SET UP: The set up consists of heavy disc mounted on a horizontal shaft, rotated by a
variable speed motor. The rotor shaft is coupled to a motor mounted on a trunion frame having bearing in a
yoke frame, which is free to rotate about vertical axis. A weight pan on other side of disc balances the weight
of motor. Rotor disc can be move about three axis. Weight can be applied at a particular distance from
the center of rotor to calculate the applied torque. The Gyroscopic couple can be determined with the help of
moment of inertia, angular speed of disc and angular speed of precession.
RULE NO. 1
“The spinning body exerts a torque or couple in such a direction which tends to make the axis of spin coincides
with that of precession”.
To study the rule of gyroscopic behavior, following procedure may be adopted:
Balance the initial horizontal position of the rotor. Start the motor by increasing the voltage with the
autotransformer, and wait until it attains constant speed.
Presses the yoke frame about vertical axis by an applying necessary force by hand to the same (in the clockwise
sense seen from above).
It will be observed that the rotor frame swings about the horizontal AXIS Y Y. Motor side is seen coming
upward and the weight pan side going downward.
Rotate the vertical yoke axis in the anticlockwise direction seen from above and observe that the
rotor frame swing in opposite sense (as compared to that in previous case following the above
rule).
RULE NO. 2
“The spinning body precesses in such a way as to make the axis of spin coincide with that of the couple applied,
through 90° turn axis”.
Balance the rotor position on the horizontal frame. Start the motor by increasing the voltage with the
autotransformer and wait until the disc attains constant speed.
Put weights in the weight pan, and start the stopwatch to note the time in seconds required for precession,
through 90° or 180° etc.
The vertical yoke precesses about OZ axis as per the rule No. 2.

PROCEDURE:
1. Set the rotor at zero position.
2. Start the motor with the help of rotary switch.
3. Increase the speed of rotor with dimmer state & stable it & measure the rpm with the
help of tachometer (optional).
4. Put the weight on weight pan than yoke rotate at anticlockwise direction.
5. Measure the rotating angle (30°, 40°) with the help of stopwatch.
6. Repeat the experiment for the various speeds and loads.
7. After the test is over set dimmer to zero position and switch off main supply.
FORMULAE:
Ttheo = Iω ωp

I = W r2 /4g Kgm sec2

ω = 2 π N/60 rad/sec

ωp = dθ x π/180 dt rad/sec

Tact = wL

PRECAUTIONS
1. Before start the motor dimmer state at zero position
2. Increase the speed gradually.
3. Do not run the motor at low voltage i.e. less than 180 volts.

OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:

DATA:
Density of Rotor = 7817 Kg/m3

Rotor Diameter = 300 mm = 0.3m

Rotor Thickness = 10 mm = 0.001 m

Weight of disc = 5.42 kg

Weights = 0.500 kg, 1.0 kg, 2.0 kg

Distance of bolt of Weight pan from disc Center = 225 mm = 0.225 m

OBSERVATION TABLE:

S. No. Speed Weight dθ Dt

(RPM) (Kg) (degree) (Sec)

CALCULATION:
Experiment No.
S. No. I ω ωp Tact Tth
Date:
Kg.-m.-sec2 rad/sec rad/sec (Kg.m) (Kg.m)

NOMENCLATURE:
I = Mass Moment of inertia of disc, Kg.-m.-sec2
ω = Angular velocity of disc
W = Weight of rotor disc, in kg
R = Radius of disc, in meter
G = Acceleration due to gravity, in m/sec2
N = RPM of disc spin
ωp = Angular velocity of precession of yoke about vertical axis.
dθ = Angle of precession
dt = Time required for this precessions.
T = Gyroscopic couple, Kg. M
W = Weight of pan
L = Distance of weight

RESULT: Compared experimentally the gyroscopic couple

on Motorized Gyroscope with applied couple.

MOTORISED GYROSCOPE

AIM: To find the gyroscopic couple acting on a rotating disc

Apparatus: MOTORISED GYROSCOPE

THEORY: Two equal & opposite parallel forces, whose lines of action are different form a couple.

GYROSCOPIC COUPLE: Rate of change of angular momentum will result by the application of a
 couple to the disc. Therefore couple applied to the disc causing precession.

PROCEDURE:

DESCRIPTION AND WORKING INSTRUCTIONS

The motor is coupled to the disc rotor, which is balanced. The disc shaft rotates about ‘X-X’ axis in

two-ball bearing housed in the frame No.1. This frame can swing about ‘Y-Y’ axis in bearings

provided in the yoke type frame No.2. While in a steady position, Frame No.1 is balanced. The yoke

frame is free to rotate about vertical axis ‘Z-Z’. Thus freedom of rotation about three perpendicular

axis is given to the rotor.

TECHNICAL DATA

1) Mass of Rotor (m) : 5.3 Kg.

2) Rotor Diameter (D) : 285 mm

3) Rotor Thickness : 10mm

 4) Moment of inertia of the : m x D2/8

disc, coupling and motor : 0.538 kg.cm.sec2

rotor about central axis (I)

5) Distance of bolt of : 20.1cm.

weight pan from disc

center (L)

6) Motor : AC/DC, Fractional HP, Single Phase, 6000 rpm.

RULE NO.1

“The spinning body exerts a torque or couple in such a direction which tends to make the axis of

spin coincides with that of the precession.”

To study the rule of gyroscopic behavior following procedure may be adopted.

a) Balance the initial horizontal position of the rotor.

b) Start the motor by increasing the voltage with the dimmer, and
wait until it attains constant speed.
c) Process the yoke frame No.2 about vertical axis by applying necessary force by hand to the same (

in the clockwise sense seen from above).

d) It will be observed that the rotor frame swings about the horizontal axis ‘YY’. Motor side is seen

coming upward and the weight pan side going downwards.

e) Rotate the vertical yoke axis in the anti-clockwise direction seen from above and observe that the

rotor frame swing in opposite sense (as compared to that in previous case following the above

rule).
RULE NO.2

“The spinning body precise in such a way as to make the axis of spin coincide with that of the couple
o
applied, through 90 turn axis.”

a) Balance the rotor position on the horizontal frame.

b) Start the motor by increasing the voltage with the dimmer and wait till the disc attains
constant speed.
c) Put weight ( 0.5 kg, 1 Kg. or 1.5 Kg.) in the weight pan, and start the stop watch to note the time in
o o
seconds required for precession, through 30 or 90 etc.

d) The vertical yoke precise about OZ axis as per the rule No.2.

e) Speed may be measured by the tachometer

f) Enter the observation in the table.

OBSERVATION TABLE

Sr. Speed N Load Time Degrees Tact Tth

No. (RPM) (w ) Kgs (dt) sec (rad/sec) (Kg.cm) (Kg.cm)
GYROSCOPIC RELATION

Tactual = I x  x p, where (Kg.cm) Tact = Gyroscopic Couple

I = M.I. of disc Kg.cm.sec.2

 = Angular velocity of precession of disc in radians per second

2xπxN πxN
=
 =
rad/sec
60
30

Where N = RPM of disc

p = Angular velocity of precession of yoke about vertical axis - radians

per second.

d π
= x
rad/sec.
dt 180

From above find

Tactual = I .  . p Kg.cm

L = Distance of weight

Tth = w.L (Kg.cm.) w = weight applied in kgs.

p is to be calculated for short duration of time, as the balance of rotation of disc about the

horizontal axis YY is due to application of torque, and because of which p goes on reducing

gradually.
PRECAUTIONS

1. While measuring the speed with tachometer do not exert pressure on rotor shaft. Use of Non- contact
type tachometer or stroboscope for measurement of motor speed will give better results.

2. When the speed of rotor spin is changed, it takes some time to attain the constant speed due to rotor
inertia. Hence, it is advised to wait until the rotor spin reaches constant speed.

RESULT:

EXPERIMENT No.- 4

AIM :- To study gyroscopic effects through models.

APPARATUS USED:- Models of Aero plane and ship.

THEORY :- The earliest observation and studies on gyroscopic phenomenon carried out
during Newton’s time. These were made in the context of the motion of our planet which in
effect in a massive gyroscopic. The credit of the mathematical foundation of the principles of
gyroscopic motion goes to Euler who derived at set of dynamic equation relating applied
mechanics and moment inertia, angular acceleration and angular velocity in many machines,
the rotary components are forced to turn about their axis other than their own axis of rotation
and gyroscopic effects are thus setup. The gyroscopes are used in ships to minimize the rolling
& pitching effects of water.

Effect of the Gyroscopic Couple on an Aeroplane :-

1. When the aeroplane takes a right turn under similar conditions. The effect of the

9
 reactive gyroscopic couple will be to dip the nose and raise the tail of the aeroplane.
2. When the engine or propeller rotates in anticlockwise direction when viewed from the
rear or tail end and the aeroplane takes a left turn, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic
couple will be to dip the nose and raise the tail of the aeroplane.
3. When the aeroplane takes a right turn under similar conditions as mentioned in note 2
above, the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the nose and dip the tail
of the aeroplane.
4. When the engine or propeller rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from the front
and the aeroplane takes a left turn, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be
to raise the tail and dip the nose of the aeroplane.
5. When the aeroplane takes a right turn under similar conditions as mentioned in note 4
above, the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the nose and dip the tail
of the aeroplane.
The effect of gyroscopic couple on the naval ship in the following three
cases : 1- Steering 2- Pitching and 3- Rolling

Effect of the Gyroscopic Couple on a Naval ship during Steering :-

1. When the ship steers to the right under similar conditions as discussed above, the effect
of the reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the stern and lower the bow.
2. When the rotor rotates in the anticlockwise direction, when viewed from the stern and
the ship is steering to the left, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to
lower the bow and raise the stern.
3. When the ship is steering to the right under similar conditions as discussed in note 2
above, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the bow and lower
the stern.
4. When the rotor rotates in the clockwise direction when viewed from the bow or fore
end and the ship is steering to the left, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple

1
0
 will be to raise the stern and lower the bow.
5. When the ship is steering to the right under similar conditions as discussed in note 4
above, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the bow and lower
the stern.
6. The effect of the reactive gyroscopic couple on a boat propelled by a turbine taking
left or right turn is similar as discussed above.

Effect of the Gyroscopic Couple on a Naval ship during Pitching :-

1. The effect of the gyroscopic couple is always given on specific position of the axis of
spin, i.e. whether it is pitching downwards or upwards.
2. The pitching of a ship produces forces on the bearings which act horizontally and
perpendicular to the motion of the ship.
3. The maximum gyroscopic couple tends to shear the holding-down bolts.
4. The angular acceleration during pitching.

α = d2θ/dt2 = -Φ(ω1)2 sin ω1t (Differentiating dθ/dt with respect to t)

The angular acceleration is maximum, if sin ω1t = 1

Therefore Maximum angular acceleration during pitching,
αmax = Φ(ω1)2
Effect of the Gyroscopic Couple on a Naval ship during Rolling:- We know that, for the
effect of gyroscopic couple to occur, the axis of precession should always be perpendicular to
the axis of spin. If, however, the axis of precession becomes parallel to the axis of spin, there
will be no effect of the gyroscopic couple acting on the body of the ship.
In case of rolling of a ship, the axis of precession (i.e. longitudinal axis) is always
parallel to the axis of spin for all positions. Hence, there is no effect of the gyroscopic couple
acting on the body of a ship.

APPLICATIONS :- The gyroscopic principle is used in an instrument or toy known as

gyroscope. The gyroscopes are installed in ships in order to minimize the rolling and pitching
effects of waves. They are also used in aeroplanes, monorail cars, gyrocompasses etc.

VIVA – QUESTIONS :-
1. Write a short note on gyroscope.
2. What do you understand by gyroscopic couple ? Derive a formula for its magnitude.
3. Explain the application of gyroscopic principles to aircrafts.
4. Discuss the effect of the gyroscopic couple on a two wheeled vehicle when taking a
turn.
5. When the pitching of a ship is upward, the effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it
will be to move the ship towards port side or to move the ship towards star-board.

10
EXPERIMENT No.- 5

AIM :- To determine gyroscopic couple on Motorized Gyroscope.

APPARATUS USED:- Four wheeler & two wheeler vehicle.

THEORY :- When a body moves along a curved path with a uniform linear velocity, a force
in the direction of centripetal acceleration (known as centripetal force) has to be applied
externally over the body, so that it moves along the required curved path. This external force
applied is known as active force. When a body, itself, is moving with uniform linear velocity
along a circular path, it is subjected to the centrifugal force radially outwards. This centrifugal
force is called reactive force.
The change in angular momentum is known as active gyroscopic couple(I.ω.ωp). When the
axis of spin itself moves with angular velocity ωp, the disc is subjected to reactive couple
whose magnitude is same (i.e. I.ω.ωp ) but opposite in direction to that of active couple.

OBSERVATION :-
• Mass of the vehicle (m) = ------------- kg.
• Weight of the vehicle (W) = ---------- Newtons.
• Radius of the wheels (rw ) = ------------ metres.
• Radius of curvature ( R ) =------------ meters.
• Distance of centre of gravity, vertically above the road surface(h) = ------------ metres,
• Width of track (x) = -------------------- metres,
2
• Mass moment of inertia of one of the wheels( Iw ) = ----------------- kg-m
• Angular velocity of the wheels or velocity of spin(ωw) =------------- rad/sec
• Mass moment of inertia of the rotating parts of the engine(IE) = ---------- kg-m2
• Angular velocity of the rotating parts of the engine (ωE) = --------------- rad/sec
• Gear ratio = ωE /ωw
• Linear velocity of the vehicle (ν) = rw ωw
• Angle of heal (θ) = -------- rad.
CALCULATIO

N :-For 4-wheel drive:

• Gyroscopic couple due to 4 wheels, Cw = 4 Iw ωw ωp where, (ωp = ν/R)

• Gyroscopic couple due to the rotating parts of the engine, , CE = IE ωE ωp = Iw.G. ωw.
ωp
• Net Gyroscopic couple, C = Cw ± CE
For 2-wheel drive:
• Gyroscopic couple, C1 = ν (2 Iw ± IE..G) cosθ /R. rw

11
PRECAUTIONS :-
• When rotating parts of the engine rotate in opposite directions, then negative sign is used.
• When CE ›Cw, then C will be negative. Thus the reaction will be vertically
downwards on the outer wheels and vertically upwards on the inner wheels.
• The gyroscopic couple will act over the vehicle outwards i.e. in the anticlockwise
direction when seen from the front of the vehicle. The tendency of this couple is to
overturn the vehicle in outward direction.

RESULT :-
• Gyroscopic couple of four wheel drive is = ------------------ N-m.
• Gyroscopic couple of two wheel drive is = -------------- N-m.

VIVA – QUESTIONS :-
1. Write a short note on gyroscope.
2. What do you understand by gyroscopic couple ? Derive a formula for its magnitude.
3. Explain the application of gyroscopic principles to aircrafts.
4. Discuss the effect of the gyroscopic couple on a two wheeled vehicle when taking a turn.
5. When the pitching of a ship is upward, the effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it
will be to move the ship towards port side or to move the ship towards star-board.

Experiment No.-3
Aim: To find experimentally the Gyroscopic couple on Motorized Gyroscope and compare
with applied couple.
REQUIREMENT:
Motorised Gyroscope Apparatus, weights, tachometer.
THOERY
AXIS OF SPIN:
If a body is revolving about an axis, the latter is known as axis of spin (refer fig. where OX is
the axis of spin).
PRECESSION:
Precession means the rotation about the third axis OZ (refer fig. 1) that is perpendicular to
both the axis of spin OX and that of couple OY.
AXIS OF PRECESSION:
The third axis OZ is perpendicular to both the axis of spin OX and that of couple OY is
known as axis of precession.
GYROSCOPIC EFFECT:
To a body revolving (or spinning) about an axis say OX, (refer fig. 1) if a couple represented
by a vector OY perpendicular to OX is applied, then the body tries to process about an axis
OZ which is perpendicular both to OX and OY. Thus, the couple is mutually perpendicular.
The above combined effect is known as precessional or Gyroscopic effect.
GYROSCOPE:
It is a body while spinning about an axis is free to rotate in other direction under the action of
external forces.
GYROSCOPIC COUPLE OF A PLANE DISC: 12

Let a disc of weight of ‘W’ having a moment of inertia I be spinning at an angular velocity 
about axis OX in anticlockwise direction viewing from front (refer fig. 2). Therefore, the
angular momentum of disc is I. Applying right-hand screw rule the sense of vector
 representing the angular momentum of disc which is also a vector quantity will be in the
direction OX.
A couple whose axis is OY perpendicular to OX and is in the plane Z, is now applied to
prices the axis OX.
Let axis OX turn through a small angular displacement from OX to OX’ in time t. The couple
applied produces a change in the direction of angular velocity, the magnitude & the magnitude
remaining constant. This change is due to the velocity of precession.
Therefore, ‘OX’ represented the angular momentum after time t.
Change of angular momentum = OX’ – OX = XX’
Angular Displacement or rate of change of angular momentum = XX’

t

= OX x 

t
As, XX’ = OX x 
In direction if XX’
Now as rate of change of angular momentum = Couple Applied

C = T

We get T = OX x 

t

13
 However, OX = I.

Where,

I = Moment of inertia of disc

 = Angular Velocity of disc

T = I. . x 

t
And in the limit t when is very small
T = I. . x 
dt

We have d/dt = p
= Angular velocity of precession of yoke

about vertical axis. Thus we get T = I x  x p

The direction of couple applied on the body is clockwise when looking in the direction XX’
and in the limit this is perpendicular to the axis of  and of p.

The reaction couple exerted by the body on its frame is equal in magnitude to that of C, but
opposite in direction.
DESCRIPTION
The set up consists of heavy disc mounted on a horizontal shaft, rotated by a variable speed
motor. The rotor shaft is coupled to a motor mounted on a trunion frame having bearing in a
yoke frame, which is free to rotate about vertical axis. A weight pan on other side of disc
balances the weight of motor. Rotor disc can be move about three axis. Weight can be applied
at a particular distance from the center of rotor to calculate the applied torque. The Gyroscopic
couple can be determined with the help of moment of inertia, angular speed of disc and angular
speed of precession.
RULE NO. 1
“The spinning body exerts a torque or couple in such a direction which tends to make the axis
of spin coincides with that of precession”.
To study the rule of gyroscopic behavior, following procedure may be adopted:
Balance the initial horizontal position of the rotor. Start the motor by increasing the voltage
with the autotransformer, and wait until it attains constant speed.
Presses the yoke frame about vertical axis by an applying necessary force by hand to the
same (in the clockwise sense seen from above).
It will be observed that the rotor frame swings about the horizontal AXIS Y Y. Motor side is
seen coming upward and the weight pan side going downward.
Rotate the vertical yoke axis in the anticlockwise direction seen from above and observe that 14
the rotor frame swing in opposite sense (as compared to that in previous case following the
above rule).
RULE NO. 2
“The spinning body precesses in such a way as to make the axis of spin coincide with that of
the couple applied, through 90 turn axis”.

15
 Balance the rotor position on the horizontal frame. Start the motor by increasing the voltage
with the autotransformer and wait until the disc attains constant speed.
Put weights in the weight pan, and start the stopwatch to note the time in seconds required for
precession, through 90 or 180 etc.
The vertical yoke precesses about OZ axis as per the rule No. 2.
PROCEDURE:
1. Set the rotor at zero position.
2. Start the motor with the help of rotary switch.
3. Increase the speed of rotor with dimmer state & stable it & measure the rpm with the
help of tachometer (optional).
4. Put the weight on weight pan than yoke rotate at anticlockwise direction.
5. Measure the rotating angle (30, 40) with the help of stopwatch.
6. Repeat the experiment for the various speeds and loads.
7. After the test is over set dimmer to zero position and switch off main supply.
FORMULAE:
Ttheo = I p

I = W x r2 Kgm sec2

G 2

 = 2 x  x N rad/sec

60

p = d x  rad/sec

dt 180

Tact = wL

OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:

DATA:
Density of Rotor = 7817 Kg/m3

Rotor Diameter = 300 mm = 0.3m

Rotor Thickness = 10 mm = 0.001 m

Weight of disc = 5.42 kg

Weights = 0.500 kg, 1.0 kg, 2.0 kg

Distance of bolt of Weight pan from disc

Center = 225 mm = 0.225 m

16
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S. No. Speed Weight d Dt

(RPM) (Kg) (degree) (Sec)

CALCULATION:
S. No. I  p Tact Tth

Kg.-m.-sec2 rad/sec rad/sec (Kg.m) (Kg.m)

NOMENCLATURE:
I = Mass Moment of inertia of disc, Kg.-m.-sec2

 = Angular velocity of disc

W = Weight of rotor disc, in kg

R = Radius of disc, in meter

G = Acceleration due to gravity, in m/sec2

N = RPM of disc spin

p = Angular velocity of precession of yoke about vertical axis.

d = Angle of precession

dt = Time required for this precessions.

T = Gyroscopic couple, Kg. M

W = Weight of pan
17
L = Distance of weight
PRECAUTIONS
1. Before start the motor dimmer state at zero position
2. Increase the speed gradually.
3. Do not run the motor at low voltage i.e. less than 180 volts.
RESULT: Compared experimentally the gyroscopic couple on Motorized Gyroscope with
applied couple.

TABULATION:

Time Gyroscopic
Angle Per
Angular per 50 Torque=
S.no Speed Weight of session
Speed deg I.ω.ωp
rotation (dθ/dt)
rotation (N.M)

MODEL CALCULATION:

18
Exp No:

Date :

Aim:

To analysis the gyroscopic effect using the test setup and verify the gyroscopic rules
of
plane disc.

Apparatus Required:

1. Gyroscopic setup. 2. Weight 3. Tachometer

Technical Data:
1. Rotor diameter (d) = 30 cm.
2. Rotor thickness (t) = 8cm.
3. Distance of weight pan bolt centre to disc center (l) = 260 mm.
4. Weight of the rotor = 7kg.

Formula Used:
1. Mass moment of Inertia I = mv2/4 kgm3.
2. Angular velocity (ω) =2ЛN/60 rad/sec
3. Angular velocity of precision COP = dθ/dt rad/sec
4. Gyroscopic Couple = I.ω.ωp
Where,

m = mass of the rotor in kg.

R1 = Radius of rotor in cm.
N=spindle speed in rpm

dθ = Angular precision in rad

ω = Angular Velocity in rad

dt = Time required by precision

Procedure:

1. Switch on the supply. 19

2. Set the require speed of the regulator as constant.
3. Add the load as ½ kg, 1kg etc.
4. Angle of precision dθ i.e. measured.
5. Loose the lock screw, start the stop watch and note down.
6. Watch the particular interval and time.
7. Take the reading n different load.
8. Repeat the equipment maintaining load as constant and varying the speed.
9. Do the calculation.

20
MODEL CALCULATION:

21

Result:
Thus the Gyroscopic relation was verified.

22