Chemical oxygen demand in water (COD)

COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) is the amount of oxygen required to degenerate all
pollution in a chemical way (by adding oxidising agents and heating). In general with
chemical destruction you can remove more pollution than with the biological way.
SCOPE
COD test is used to measure the oxygen equivalent of the organic material in waste
water that can be oxidized chemically using dichromate in acid solution.

SIGNIFICANCE
COD is widely used as a means of measuring the organic strength of domestic and
industrial waste .it is a quantitative measure of contamination in water .it allows
measurement of a waste in terms of the total quantity of oxygen required for oxidation to
carbon dioxide and water .The major advantages of cod test is the short time required
for evaluation. Many organic matters which are difficult to oxidize biologically such as
lignin can be oxidized chemically.

EXPLANATION
It is based on the principle that organic maters present in the sample gets oxidized
completely by potassium dichromate in the presence of sulphuric acid and catalyst
silver sulphate to produced carbon dioxide and H2O.The excess of potassium
dichromate remaining after the reaction is treated with ferrous ammonium sulphate.The
dichromate consumed gives oxygen dioxide required for oxidation of organic matter.

APPARATUS
COD DIGESTER
COD VIALS WITH STAND
PIPETTE WITH ELONGATION TIP
WASH BOTTLE
CONICAL FLASK
BURETTE STAND
BURETTE
COD VIALS WITH STAND
PIPETTE WITH ELONGATION TIP

WASH BOTTLE