THE CELTIC WORLD

Critical Concepts in Historical Studies

Edited by Raimund Karl

and David Stifter

Volume I
Theory in Celtic Studies

13 Routledge
g^^ Taylor &. Francis Group

LONDON AND NEW YORK

 CONTENTS

Acknowledgements xiii
Chronological table of reprinted articles and chapters xvii

General introduction 1
RAIMUND KARL AND DAVID STIFTER

Introduction 5
RAIMUND KARL

PART 1
The 'Celticity' debate 11

1 A Celtic millennium? Continuity and discontinuity 13

HANS PETER UENZE

2 Reconstructing Iron Age society 24

JOHN COLLIS

3 'Celtic' Iron Age Europe: the theoretical basis 41

ANDREW P. FITZPATRICK

4 Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity 59

VINCENT MEGAW AND RUTH MEGAW

5 Celtic myths 71
JOHN COLLIS

6 Do the ancient Celts still live? An essay on identity and

contextuality 81
RUTH AND VINCENT MEGAW
 ', CONTENTS

7 Celts, politics and motivation in archaeology 103

SIMON JAMES

8 Celtomania and Celtoscepticism 119

PATRICK SIMS-WILLIAMS

PART 2
Nativism and Antinativism 155
9 The archaism of Irish tradition 157
MYLES DILLON

10 The oldest Irish tradition: A window on

the Iron Age 176
KENNETH HURLSTONE JACKSON

11 Conservation and innovation in early Celtic literature 203

PROINSIAS MAC CANA

12 Celtic suretyship, a fossilized Indo-European

institution? 239
DANIEL A. BINCHY

13 The ecclesiastic background to Irish saga 253

JAMES CARNEY

14 Irish origin legends and genealogy: recurrent

aetiologies 262
DONNCHADH 6 CORRAIN

15 Canon law and secular law in early Ireland:

the significance of Bretha Nemed 290
LIAM BREATNACH

PART 3
Theoretical approaches to Celtic Studies? 311
16 What questions should we ask in Celtic Studies in the
new millennium? 313
MARIA TYMOCZKO

17 Awaking from the long sleep of theory? Approaches to

theory in Celtic Studies 333
RAIMUND KARL

VI
 CONTENTS

PART 4
The search for a role for Celtic Studies 347

18 Introduction 349
AMY HALE AND PHILIP PAYTON

19 Paths of the Celts, paths of Celtic Studies: cultural

reflections on the function of an 'Arts subject' 362
GRAHAM R. ISAAC

20 Some thoughts on ethnic identity, cultural pluralism,

and the future of Celtic studies 381
JOHN T. KOCH

VOLUME II CELTIC ARCHAEOLOGY

Acknowledgements ix

Introduction 1

RAIMUND KARL

PART 1
The search for the 'Origin of the Celts' 7
21 The origin of the Celts: sense and nonsense of
an old question 9
LUDWIG PAULI
22 The origin and spread of the Celts 25
JOHN COLLIS

23 The prehistoric roots of the Celtiberian world 45

GONZALO RUIZ ZAPATERO AND ALBERTO J. LORRIO

PART 2
Princes or village elders? Interpreting late Hallstatt
'princely' tombs 69

24 The internal structure and regional context of Early Iron Age

society in south-western Germany 71
SUSAN FRANKENSTEIN AND MICHAEL J. ROWLANDS

Vll
 -, CONTENTS

25 Furstensitze, Celts and the Mediterranean world: developments

in the West Hallstatt culture in the 6th and 5th centuries BC 117
CHRISTOPHER PARE

26 The early Celts of west central Europe: the semantics of

social structure 148
FRANZ FISCHER

27 Giant tumuli and social organisation: a comparative study

on the so-called 'princely tombs' of the late Hallstatt period 163
MANFRED K. H. EGGERT

28 The Hochdorf dead: comments on the mode of archaeological

interpretation 180
MANFRED K. H. EGGERT

29 The 'Celtic prince' of Hochdorf: village-elder or sacred king?

Pretence and reality of the so-called 'cultural anthropological'
Hallstatt archaeology 197
DIRK KRAUSSE

30 King and high priest? On the theory of a sacral foundation

of Hallstatt leadership 230

ULRICH VEIT

PART 3
The spread of La Tene culture: migration, diffusion or
scholarly invention? 261
31 Hill-forts 263
CHRISTOPHER HAWKES

32 Cultural grouping within the British pre-Roman Iron Age 301

FRANK R. HODSON

33 Iron Age Britain and its European setting 315

COLIN HASELGROVE

PART 4
Romano-Celtic archaeology 369
34 Remarks on the origin of the Gallo-Roman
circumambulatory temple 371
MICHAEL ALTJOHANN

Vlll
 CONTENTS

35 The Celtic oppida: a native urbanisation phenomenon 423

OLIVIER BUCHSENSCHUTZ

36 Roman Britain: civil and rural society 429

SIMON ESMONDE CLEARY

37 The failure of Romanization in Celtic Britain 457

MICHAEL JONES

PART 5
Late 'Celtic' archaeology in the British Isles 471
38 Style: a history of uses and abuses in the study of Insular art 473
NANCY NETZER
39 The economy of the Irish rath 490
V. B. PROUDFOOT

VOLUME III CELTIC HISTORY

Acknowledgements vii

Introduction 1

RAIMUND KARL

PART 1
Ancient history 7
40 The Celtic ethnography of Posidonius 9
JAMES J. TIERNEY
41 Caesar the ethnographer 113
GERHARD DOBESCH

42 Caesar's perception of Gallic social structures 161

SEAN B. DUNHAM

PART 2
The Arthurian question and Dark Age 'Celtic' history 173
43 When did Britons become Bretons? A note on the
foundation of Brittany 175
DERMOT FAHY

IX
 •, CONTENTS

44 Romance and reality in Cornwall 188

C. A. RALEGH RADFORD

45 The Arthur of history 205

THOMAS CHARLES-EDWARDS

46 The North Britons, the Picts and the Scots 223

LESLIE ALCOCK

47 Bede, Iona, and the Picts 232

ARCHIBALD A. M. DUNCAN

48 Britons in Northern England in the early Middle Ages:

through a thick glass darkly 264
N. J. HIGHAM

49 Some functions of origin stories in early medieval Wales 289

PATRICK P. SIMS-WILLIAMS

50 The date of St. Patrick 310

R. P. C. HANSON

51 St. Patrick and Coroticus 324

E. A. THOMPSON

52 The myth of the Celtic Church 339

WENDY DAVIES

PART 3
Interpreting early Irish and Welsh 'historical' sources 359

53 A Welsh window on the Iron Age: Manawydan, Mandubracios 361

JOHN T. KOCH

54 Early Welsh poetry: problems of historicity 398

DAVID N. DUMVILLE

55 Sub-Roman Britain: history and legend 413

DAVID N. DUMVILLE

56 The Medieval Irish Annals 437

GEAROID MAC NIOCAILL

57 Fact and fiction: the problem of historical sources

in the Irish Middle Ages 468
GISBERT HEMPRICH
 CONTENTS

58 Historical need and literary narrative 485

DONNCHADH 6 CORRAIN

59 Some problems of story and history 506

SEAN 6 COILEAIN

60 Creating the past: the early Irish genealogical tradition 530

DONNCHADH 6 CORRAIN

VOLUME IV CELTIC LINGUISTICS

Acknowledgements vii

Introduction 1
DAVID STIFTER

PART 1
New light on old languages 7

61 Extracts from 'Then and now: problems interpreting

the Old Celtic languages in ZeuB's time and in the present' 9
HEINER EICHNER

62 On the linguistic classification of Lepontic 45

JURGEN UHLICH

63 Rethinking the evolution of Celtic constituent configuration 74

JOSEPH F. ESKA

PART 2
Typology and language contact 101

64 Appendix B. Pre-Aryan syntax in Insular Celtic 103

JOHN MORRIS JONES

65 The pre-Celtic inhabitants of Ireland 122

JULIUS POKORNY

66 Near Eastern and African connections with the Celtic world 133
HEINRICH WAGNER

XI
 ;
,? CONTENTS

67 Extracts from 'A typological evaluation of Celtic/Hamito-Semitic

syntactic parallels' 151
ORIN DAVID GENSLER

68 Remarks on the Insular Celtic/Hamito-Semitic question 230

STEVE HEWITT

69 Early contacts between English and the Celtic languages 269

MARKKU FILPPULA, JUHANI KLEMOLA AND HELI PITKANEN

PART 3

A particular problem: the Insular Celtic absolute and

conjunct verbal inflection 301
70 The origins of the Insular Celtic conjunct and absolute
verbal endings 303
WARREN COWGILL
71 The absolute and conjunct verbal inflection in Old Irish 331
KIM R. MCCONE

72 Extract from 'The Celtic adverbs for "against" and "with"

and the early apocope of *-/' 341
PETER SCHRIJVER

73 Absolute and conjunct 350

STEFAN SCHUMACHER

74 *Eti, pseudo-*cft' and related matters in Insular Celtic 373

KIM R. MCCONE

Index 403

xn