DISSERTATION

ON
RELATION BETWEEN COMMERCIAL ZONE AND
OPEN SPACE

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE

SUBMITTED BY
KESHAV KUMAR SINGH
M. ARCH (FOURTH SEMESTER)
RECREATIONAL ARCHITECTURE

GUIDED BY
AR. RUKNUDDIN MIRZA

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND EKISTICS
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA
NEW DELHI - 110025
2017 – 2018
 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND EKISTICS
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA
NEW DELHI

CERTIFICATE

In the partial fulfilment of Master of Architecture degree program, this is to certify that
Keshav Kumar Singh has worked on the dissertation project entitled “Relation between
commercial zone and open space” under my guidance and supervision.

Prof. Hina Zia Ar. Ruknuddin Mirza Prof. S. M. Akhtar

(Dean) (Guide) (Head of Department)

External Examiner-1

External Examiner-2

External Examiner-3
 DECLARATION

I, Keshav Kumar Singh hereby declares that the dissertation entitled “Relation between
commercial zone and open space” submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the award of the degree of master of architecture is my original research work and that the
information taken from secondary sources is given due citations and references.

(Signature)

Keshav Kumar Singh

M. Arch (4th Semester)
2017-2018

Date: 14/08/2018

Place: New Delhi

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise to the almighty, the most beneficent, and the most merciful who bestowed upon me
the courage, patience and strength to begin this work and carry it to its completion. I express
my thanks to almighty and bow my head for almighty in gratitude.

I would like to thank my guide Ar. Ruknuddin Mirza for encouraging me out on every step of
this journey and for the valuable guidance that helped me to improve my work and helped me
throughout to bring this dissertation to its final form.

Then I would like to thanks my parents who stood by me under all circumstances and for all
those efforts and determinations without which the final stage seems to be impossible I would
like to thank all my friends.

In addition, last but not the least I would like to thanks all of those who kept me in their prayers.
RELATION BETWEEN COMMERCIAL ZONE
AND OPEN SPACE
CONTENTS
 Chapter 1
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Aim of the study
1.3. Objective
1.4. Scope
1.5. Limitations
1.6. Possible outcome
1.7. Purpose of study
1.8. My thesis
1.9. Research Methodology
1.10. Structure of Dissertation

 Chapter 2
2.1. Definition of commercial zone
2.2. Benefits of exist open space in commercial zone

 Chapter 3
3.1. History of open place in commercial zone
 Chapter 4
4.1. Character of good public open space
4.2. Type of open space
4.3. Type of activities
4.4. Social public space

 Conclusion

 Bibliography
CHAPTER 1

1.1. INTRODUCTION
Public life in open places is desirable for people and open places good society can provide
relief from stress, and provide opportunities for relaxation and entertainment and social
networking. In fact, open public commercial areas are the heart of the city and the open area
is required to combine healthy lungs of the city that they meet the dual purpose of shopping
and renew that relationship between the business district and public place. The open public
spaces in commercial areas is the point of interaction during the performance activates your
routine.
In addition, open area as a side spaces in these areas and gives the opportunity for employees
to have a good time there in the place in which they work can use these places in the lunch
hours of after work horse or have a casual meeting some times. On the other hand, those how
come to shop in the Centre of the province and these places provide quality-resting place where
they can sit back and enjoy. Use some open spaces such as flexible can organize some events
in these spaces. The region’s business, assets and land use plan is the most important.
Public space is all around us, a vital part of everyday urban life: the streets we pass through on
the way to school or work, the places where children play, or where we encounter nature and
wildlife: the local parks in which we enjoy sports, walk the dog and sit at lunchtime; or simply
somewhere quiet to get away for a moment from the bustle of a busy daily life. In other works,
public space is our open-air living room, outdoor leisure Centre.
Finally, many of the commercial areas in the city lacks a good public open space. These spaces
can be any garden, yard distance between buildings. However, these spaces should be designed
properly and keeping in view the uses and needs of the people. It is very import area in the
city to make it alive and it does not become a dead city.

1.2. AIM
The aim of this study is to study the relation between open space in commercial zones (type,
need, design, etc.) what is the relation between them to implemented new commercial spaces
in the city.

1.3. OBJECTIVE
- To study the relation between open space and commercial.
- To understand reflect this phenomenal to the society movement.
- To study the social value of space and effect that to city.
- To see how we can regenerate public space to work better for commercial zone.
1.4. SCOPE
- To narrow the scope of work to manageable limits. Study will be restricted to well define
areas within the city.
- The study will defined changes that have taken place in selected areas of study in its
morphology, use and architectural characteristics.

1.5. LIMITATIONS
- The research is limited to the study of public open spaces in context to commercial zone
which in parks and public squares, plazas.

1.6. POSSIBLE OUTCOME

- This area can resolve problems of spaces, because it will makes spaces working better for
people. We need this area (public space with commercial areas).
- That space makes place live to attract people to use that public space.
- The relationship between the policy and the spaces.
- The relationship between the policy and the city.
- Walkway as public space, the management requirement and the usage of the space.

1.7. PURPOSE OF STUDY

- The purpose of study public place in commercial zone the relation need , type and there
design to suggest good public place for commercial zone for the city evaluate the deficiencies
in the public place and to suggest measure for regenerate the relation between commercial
zone and public place. So that can be implemented in the new commercial space of the city.
Study of the historical background of these space and these space and there development unit
now.

1.8. MY THESIS, WHY RELATION BETWEEN (OPEN PLACE AND

COMMERCIAL ZONE).
- In fact public place need commercial zone and commercial zone need public place to can
each one work. This relation can resolve problems of spaces because it will make open place
working better for people and commercial also.
- That relation makes public place liveable, so it will attract people to use that open public
place and commercial zone.
- That make shopping more interesting and give good quality for experience shopping.
- The relation between them effect to city life.
- That can regenerate the city by use the space just by organize that space with commercial
zone in the fabric of the city.

1.9. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research include the study of literature related to public place and live case studies of
public space in commercial zone and evaluate these in terms of their need and demand. This
thesis utilizes and extensive assortment of primary and secondary sources in investigating the
study topics. A qualitative approach was undertaken, as public open space are ideally a
subjective topic that is difficult to measure in qualitative methods. The benefits and impact of
public open space cannot be numerically measured; it requires a deeper understanding and
reasoning of the overall outcome of public open space which can only be measured by to these
places and experiencing the environment. The study also includes the interviews of the user of
these places and what they feel about these places. The literature review forms a fundamental
role in the development of the study as it examines the historical development of public open
space theory and in detail the context of public open space. Examining the historical
development and debate of public open space theory and urban design theory by various
theorists provides strong background for developing appropriate and holistic principles for
public open space development.

1.11. Structure of study

1.11.1. Chapter 1
An introduction to the topic of study aim of the study methodology of research and the
limitation of study
1.11.2. Chapter 2
Definition of public place and history of open space and it uses in the commercial zone.
1.11.3. Chapter 3
Need of these relation for each commercial and space work well.
1.11.4. Chapter 4
Conclusion.
CHAPTER 2
Background
I will start by understanding the main concept of open public space and commercial zone:

2.1. What is a commercial & open public space?

2.1.1. Definition of open public space
Public: open to or shared by the people.
Open: not closed or blocked up, Allowing entrance passage or access, Public.
Space: interval between points or objects, area.
Source: oxford learner’s dictionary.

2.1.2. Definition of commercial zone

Commercial: Connected with the buying and selling of good and services the commercial
heart of the city making or intended to make a profit.
Source: oxford learner’s dictionary.

2.2. What is the benefits or value of exits a public space in commercial zone
together?

COMMERCIAL OPEN PUBLIC

ZONE PEOPLE PLACES
2.2.1. SOCIAL
 Social infrastructure
 Health & fitness
 Community

2.2.2. ECONOMIC
 Value to surrounding property
 Tourism benefits

2.2.3. ENVIRONMENTAL
 Impact on the micro climate of the place
 Give proper light ventilation

Moreover, what is the relation between the quality of life and use of building? Actually, people
come to commercial zone to get some fun and to buy some goods to change the routine of life;
they want a comfortable space to take some rest and to get fresh. That situation make the
commercial zone get more profit. This morphology of (pubic and commercial) it is here to find
benefits each other by (social, economic, environmental) values. Public space facilitate the
exchange of ideas, friendship and goods.

Public spaces can also operate as places

of exchange for services and goods
regarded as undesirable, such as sex and
drugs. Street sex work has been carried
out in many towns for decades, though it
is in decline, effective community
liaison, and mediation as well as local
clean- up programmers can moderate its
effects. The cutting down of trees and
bushes, taking out of street furniture in
misused public spaces punishes
everybody; more considered approaches Figure (1) – Commercial space with open space
may prove more effective. The closure of
public toilets in local high streets has also
been a detrimental side effect of attempts to combat antisocial behaviour.
CHAPTER 3
3.1. HISTORY OF OPEN PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL AREA
This relation it is very old, it is emergence from Greek and roman ages. It became different
now, because of change of life requirement, new technologies, land use and service, but it is
still in relation. Kostof told us about use of this public places, he said: (two primary uses of
public spaces have been as markets and as civic centres) (kostof, s. 1991). In addition, the city
centres have open spaces that has, the flexibility to be used for multipurpose activates. The
civic centres of roman and Greek architecture the forum and agora have large central open
space that are used for multiple actives, including political discussions and debates. The agora
literally the gathering place was the focal point of community life in Greek.

Figure (2) - Agora of Greek having open space that is used for multipurpose activities.

Figure (3) - Modal of roman at the time of Constantine, e early 4th century AD-showing the area of forum.
The city assemble.
Source: kostof, s. (1991),
 Figure (4) - Vigevano (Italy). Bramante
created the piazza Ducale in the 1490s for the
Sforza Duke Lovico il moro. Originally, the
ducal presence was more obviously dominant.
The city assembled.
Source: kostof, S. (1991).

Figure (5) - Open space today in commercial

zone
Source: google pic.

Figure (6) - Open space today in commercial zone.

Figure (7) - Open space today in commercial zone.

A sizable square situated normally at the centre of the city it server early as the meeting place
for political assemblies and was later bordered by buildings to house the civic administration
and court of law. The open are served as a marketplace for all times permanent shops came to
be erected to its periphery temples were included among the building at its border. It is the
venue for multiple activities.
CHAPTER 4
4.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD OPEN PUBLIC SPACE
Commercial areas are the heart of the city and open area the lungs the combination is required
for required for the healthy city the fulfils the dual purpose of shopping and recreation the city
centres are the mix use places having offices and shopping areas. The open area serve as the
breakout spaces in these area the gives the chance to the employees to have recreation facility
at the place where they work the can use these place in the lunch hours or after the office
hours or to have a casual meetings some times. It gives break to the employees form the
monotonous official routine.

TYPE OF OPEN SPACE DESCRIPTION

Civic Square / Town centre Civic squares are conventionally the centre of a
city where people gather for markets. They still
hold a strong role revealing the history of the city.

Traditional Parks These open spaces are natural spaces filled with
green natural landscaping and used for recreation
purposes.

Waterfront public open spaces Open spaces that directly adjoin waterbeds
whether natural or manmade.

4.2. OPEN PUBLIC SPACES & SOCIAL PSYCH

- Studies show that daily activities increase chance of developing contacts.
- People are more likely to be close friends with people to live / work near them.
- Frequent contact is critical for social development of children.

4.3. WHAT ARE THE MAIN FEATURES OF SUCCESSFUL SOCIAL SPACES?

The study of a wide variety of public spaces in Cardiff, Preston and Swindon (mean and times
2005) suggested the following ‘rules of engagement’ were important in creating shared social
spaces:

- Access and availability - good physical access, welcoming spaces and extended opening
hours.
- Invitations by peers and others embedded in social network to encourage use.
- Exchange - based relationships - moving beyond consumerism to participation in the
exchange of goods and services.
- Choreography of spaces by discreet good management while also leaving room for self-
organization.
- Moving beyond mono - cultures - encouraging diverse groups and activities to share common
spaces.
- Avoiding over- regulation of design and space, as security and well-being are more likely to
grow out of active use.
- The study of markets (Watson with Studdert, 2006) found that in addition to accessibility,
the essential attributes of successful markets (criteria which could also apply to other public
spaces) included.
- Having features that attracted visitors to the site.
- An active and engaged community of traders to provide goods for sale and contribute to the
social scene.
- Opportunities to linger trough the provision of cafes and food vans or (comfort zones).

4.4. TYPE OF ACTIVITIES, WHICH ATTRACT PEOPLE TO COME TO THESE

SPACES.
Quality of the physical environment
Poor Good

Necessary activities

Optional activities

Resultant activities (social activities)

Table: Jan Gehl’s diagram of relation between quality and use

4.5. SOCIAL/ URBAN RESEARCH

- Park benches in the (lively) areas are utilized more than in the (quiet) areas.
- People more likely to stop when walking in front of newspaper kiosks, outside cinemas,
clothing stores, photography exhibits, and toy stores then banks/offices.
 - The street and the square represent the only and necessary model for the reconstruction of
public realm. In this context, the necessary dialectical relationship of (building typology) and
(morphology of urban space).

Figure (8) – Proxemics reference Edwaro T. Hall the hidden dimensions (1966)

- The correct relationship of (monuments) public buildings and the more anonymous urban
fabric.
- Commercial areas are that heart of the city and open area the lungs the combination is
required for required for the healthy city they fulfils the dual purpose of shopping and
recreation the city centre are the mix use place having offices and shopping area.
- The open area serve as the breakout spaces in these area the gives the chance to the
employees to have recreation facility at the place where they work they can use these places
in the lunch hours or after the office hours or to have a casual meetings some times. It gives
break to the employees form the monotonous official routine.
PHYSICAL SETTING ACTIVITY IMAGE/MEANING
- Scale - Diversity - Symbolism and memory
- Intensity - Vitality - Image ability and legibility
- Permeability - Street life - Sensory experience and
- People watching association
- Landmarks - Cafe Culture - Knowledgeability receptivity
- Space to building - Events and local traditions - Psychological access
- Stock (adaptability and - Opening hours - Cosmopolitan/ Sophistication
range of vertical grain) - Flow fear

- Public realm (space systems) - Attractor

- Transaction base
- Find grain economy
Table: The Sense of Place

4.6. THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF PUBLIC SPACE

A high- quality public environment can have a significant impact on the economic life of urban
centres big or small, and is therefore an essential part of any successful regeneration strategy.
As towns increasingly compete with one another to attract investment, the presence of good
parks, squares, gardens and other public spaces becomes a vital business and marketing tool:
companies are attracted to location that offer well-designed, well-managed public place and
these in turn attract customers, employees and services. In town centres, a pleasant and will-
maintained environment increases the number of people visiting retail areas, otherwise known
as ‘ footfall’ A good public landscape also offers very clear benefits to the local economy in
terms of stimulating increased house prices, since house- buyers are willing to pay to be near
green space. For retailers, a good-quality public environment cam improve trading by
attracting more people into an areas. It has been shown, for example, that well- planned
improvements to public spaces within town centres can boots commercial trading by up to 40
per cent and generate significant private sector investment. Six urban design improvements
undertaken as part of a wider strategy can have even more dramatic result. In Coventry,
improved pedestrianization, a new civic square, clearer signage and better placement of street
furniture have made the city centre a much more attractive place. As a result, footfall in the
town centre has risen by 25 per cent on benefits local trade tremendously.

4.7. THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF OPEN PUBLIC SPACE

Open public space are open to all, regardless of ethnic origin, age or gender, and such they
represent a democratic forum for citizens and society. When properly designed and cared for,
they brings communities together, provide meeting places and foster social ties of a kind that
have been disappearing in many urban areas. These spaces shape the cultural identity of an
area, are part of its unique character and provide a sense of place for local communities.

4.8. A VENUE FOR SOCIAL EVENTS

One of the benefits of high-quality open public space is its potential as a venue for social
events. Well-managed festivals and other events can have a very positive effect on the urban
environment, drawing the community together and bringing financial, social and
environmental benefits. They can, in particular, reintroduce the kind of civil society that has
been lost in to many of our urban areas. One good example is the annual new year’s Eve ‘first
night’ festival in Boston, US, which has established itself as a key feature in the city’s calendar;
business people who were initially sceptical about its potential now see the festival as major
boots for their companies, and the city s artistic community benefits. To encourage events like
these, along with their spin-off benefits, cities need to plan the physical layout of their public
spaces with festival and other social activities in mind.
CONCLUSION
After finish my study of relation between commercial zone and open public place. I want to
say in the conclusion, I believe we need each commercial zone attract to good open public
place, and public to attract number of place, to work together. In my understanding trough
case, studies that can happen by merge commercial zone to open public place. In addition, in
that public place in should regenerate to accept commercial activities and people requirement.
That can happen by this equation (design + social psych = social infrastructure). Moreover,
that process give flexibility to be use multipurpose activities and give sustainable, economy
socially and environmentally in design to increase its use. It should be designed in a way that
it is accessible to all people by increase its use. Place on the mind of the users and one can
relate him or her with it.
New public space is often a feature of regeneration schemes, design alone cannot produce
places that become liked and well used. Sustainable communities need well-designed everyday
spaces and places that are well managed, well serviced, safe and activated by different forms
of economic, cultural and social exchange. Likewise, regeneration schemes that ‘solve’
antisocial problems by displacing them to other areas may in the long term do more harm than
good. The long-term stability of different age and social groups, and with a basic social
infrastructure of school, medical services, shops, transport connections and community
facilities. Public spaces play an important role here both as sites of connection and as places
in their own right that serve an important role in the community.
If we need to rake more benefit from that relation, first we need to understand the
relation by studying relation between commercial zone and public place. Then we make it
strong and effective for our communities. That regeneration may by a new connection to like
public place to commercial zone. That link will attract people to come that space. There is a
widening range of public or quasi-public space where people create opportunities for social
and economic exchange. These new social hubs includes place not traditionally regarded as
public space, such as street markets, car boot sales and community centres.
What we need to consideration in that public space strategies:
First Inclusive design: this research also found instance where the gap between the intentions
of the designer and the social outcome of a design was far too wide. Attempts to recreate highly
stylized village- type estates with bandstand, village squares, cobblestones, and house opening
directly on to the pavement, may do little to address the social needs of inhabitants, and may
cause more problems than they solve. Similarly, an over-emphasis on creating public spaces
that look good but fail to provide adequate attractions, amenities, or connections to exiting
economic and social networks, may lead to the creation of sterile places that people do not use.
Multi-disciplinary management: the variety of agencies whose activities affect public spaces
poses particular challenges for their management. There are lessons to be learnt from the multi-
disciplinary approaches pioneered by town Centre managers. Better coordination is needed to
address the multiple concerns of achieving design, effective management.
Self- regulation and respect: evidence suggests that successful public spaces should build on
the large degree of self- regulation of public behaviour that already exists. Approaches that
activity encourage local distinctiveness and public amenity and facilitate social activity in
public spaces, as opposed to stripping public spaces of all features vulnerable to vandalism or
misuse, are more likely to result in cleaner, safer, greener public spaces.
Playful spaces: many children and young people enjoy less local mobility today, and may now
little about attractions and features outside their own neighbourhood. Encouraging people to
extend their knowledge and familiarity with their locality through facilitating creative
activities in public space and developing pedestrian- friendly urban routes could create a wider
sense of attachment and discovery. Children still need opportunities for outdoor play in
neighbourhood spaces – no just fixed equipment playgrounds – in order to participate in
communal games, which is turn, create a sense of belonging and attachment to local places.

Commercial pressures or local legislation can create areas where certain behaviours are
possible and allowed, but others are not. In the long term, this may undermine the self-
regulation of use and behaviour that occurs in public spaces. ‘Slack’ spaces are needed (or
should be acknowledged where they already exist) where minor infringements of local by-
laws.
Finally, life in public and commercial activities took on the problems of ‘dead’ cities by
looking at the cause (single-use zoning). And offers solutions to brings places back to ‘life.’
Society might conflict with some values/desires of privacy, space, and lawns connected
commercial zone to public place = planning for people. We should manage our public spaces
with commercial activities to give good quality of life to the city. Public urban plazas that are
integrated into the pedestrian system should be established and negotiated with developers.
These lessons could and should be heeded by the academy for sustainable communities in its
programmers for considering how public can contribute to sustainable communities.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources
Books
1. Kostof, S. (1991), ‘’The City Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meaning through History’’, Bullfinch Press,
Little Brown and Company, New York.
2. Gehl, j. 1987. The Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Secondary Sources:
Internet website
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public space
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/center business district
3. https://www.google.co.in/
4. https://www.planning.org/greatpleaces/spaces/characteristics
5. http://www.reefnet.gov.sy/reef/index.php?option=comjoomgallery&func=viewcategory&catid=34L
temid