Historic Preservation for Professionals Virginia O. Benson and Richard Klein ‘The Kent State University Press Kent, Ohio© zoof by The Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio 44242, ALL niGHtTs RESERVED. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 2008014198 159N 978-0-87338-927-3 ‘Manufactured in the United States of America Linnany of Conontss Caratocine Benson, Virginia O, 1N-Punticarton Dara Historic preservation for professionals / Virginia O. Benson and Richard Klein. Pp. om. Includes bibliographical references and index. san 978-0-87338-927-3 (pbk. sal, paper) = 1. Historic preservation—United States. I. Klein, Richard, 194p~ Il Tile saspng2 2008, 363.6'90973—des2 2008014198 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication data are available, 12111009 08 54321 Contents One Two Three Four Five Sir Seven Bight Nine Foreword by Stanley M. Smith vii Acknowledgments x ‘The Transforming Power of Historic Preservation 1 ‘Advancing Historic Preservation in the United States 9 Historic Preservation: Its Legislative Framework 30 USS. Architectural Styles: A Critical Analysis 51 ‘The Nonprofit Role in Historic Preservation 0 ‘The Publi Sector Role in Historic Preservation 117 “The Private-Sector Role in Historic Preservation 145 Preserve American Culture 167 ‘The Future of Historic Preservation: Trends and Careers 186 Glossary of Preservation Terms 208 References 218 Index 231 oniChapter Nine The Future of Historic Preservation ‘Trends and Careers Introduction The historic preservation movement is growing throughout the United States and around the world. The values of conservation and sustainabil ity are very popular for not only theit cultural significance but also their contribution to the economic activity of heritage tourism. They aso play -ant role in educational advancement by protecting irreplaceable historie resources. ‘The future of historic preservation opportunities for the historie pres- ervation professionals (HIPPs) in the United States will depend on their ability to assess fundamental trends in society. This discussion inchides several themes that were explored in previous chapters and are expected to ‘weigh heavily on the future; thus, the authors determined to project some of their potential impacts. Among the issues to be examined are urban sprawl, changing demographics, conservation/preservation cooperation, population mobility, government planning/economic development, legal regulations, preservation organizations, and globalization, Urban Sprawl ‘The spreading of metropolitan populations across the landscape isa great concern for planners and preservationists today. Problems occur both at city centers that are losing population and at so-called edge cities, where highways and suburban tracts extend into former agricultural areas.' Losses are experienced on both accounts. What is the net effect on historic pres- exvation? TRENDS AND CAREERS 187 ‘Many endangered landmark buildings remain in the central ci them magnificent religious structures, unique commercial build beautiful civic edifices. Adaptive reuse for these threatened buildings must be found before it is too late. Bulldozing older buildings to create parking Jots results in the loss of irreplaceable structures and sites. Adaptation is occurring in tricts throughout the United States as foresighted developers preserve historic warehouses for new offices and epartments. However, some buildings are particularly dif- ficult to modify. Civie structures, for example, often seem inadequate to ac commodate the expectations of city officials. Downtown department stores represent an important type of large building that must be reconfigured to ‘compete with commercial big-box reta religious landmarks, which populate many inner-city neighborhoods, are an even more complicated category of distressed structures? Central cities, however, offer a multitude of attractions that enable them to compete with suburbs as places to live and work. Certain civie structures, such as courthouses and government offices, continue to attract professionals who require face-to-face contact in downtown areas. Other important draws include waterfront locations, hotels, museums, theaters, and sports venues. Major historic landmark buildings and historic districts, when appropriately restored, add important components to the charm of downtowns. Declining city neighborhoods, however, face challenges, such as those by population loss, especially when young families migrate to suburban areas. For many years, the federal government and local banks engaged in redlining poor neighborhoods, which made it difficult or impossible for ethnic minorities living in cities to secure mortgage loans. Consequently, African Americans and other minorities could secure loans only in certain neighborhoods, a practice that ultimately contributed to racial segregation and urban decay. Although redlining is now illegal, the damage has already been done. ‘To offset the inner-city distress, federal officials have devel- oped special programs through the Department of Housing and Urban Development, among them the Community Development Block Grant program. Together with CDBG assistance, some inner-city residents have gathered support to develop historic districts with a focus on the resto- ration of older homes. In these cases, the residents will generate design guidelines that establish protections for historic properties and ultimately raise property values throughout the neighborhood.’ In other parts of the city, absentee landlords allow their properties to deteriorate with the express purpose of paying lower property taxes. One any downtown 1g in suburban malls. Historic