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E TN CBD BS 5950 90 011 PDF
E TN CBD BS 5950 90 011 PDF
E TN CBD BS 5950 90 011 PDF
This Technical Note begins by defining the program's default allowable shear
connector capacity for BS 5950-90 composite beam design. Next the proce-
dure used to determine the number of shear connectors on the beam is ex-
plained.
where,
The program determines the characteristic resistance, Qk, using the parame-
ters identified in Table 1, which is adapted from BS 5950-3 Table 5 (BS 5.4.6,
BS Table 5). The program bases strength on nominal stud diameter only, ex-
cept for studs with 19 mm diameter, in which case the nominal height of the
stud is also considered.
13 any 0 44 47 49 52 52
16 any 0 70 74 78 82 82
19 ≤75 0 82 87 91 96 96
If the concrete shear strength, fcu, used in a model matches any of those
specified in the column headings of Table 1 (i.e., 25, 30, 35, or 40 N/mm2), the
program determines Qk from Table 1. If fcu equals a value other than any of
those specified in Table 1, the program interpolates Qk linearly within the ta-
ble for fcu. Note that fcu is always assumed to be limited to a maximum value
of 40 N/mm (BS Table 7 Note 1).
2
If the stud nominal diameter does not match any of the diameters given in
Table 1 (i.e., 13, 16, 19, 22, or 25 mm), the program determines strength
using the stud nominal diameter immediately larger than the diameter of the
stud for which Qk is being determined. Then the strength is adjusted in pro-
portion to the stud nominal diameter.
For the calculation of Qk, the nominal stud height is mostly ignored. The user
should be careful. For studs of diameter 19 mm, the stud shear resistance is
interpolated if the height of the stud is less 100 mm or more than 75 mm.
k = 1 (BS 5.4.3)
br hs
0.85 − 1 ≤ 1 if N R = 1,
Dp Dp
br hs
k = 0.60 − 1 ≤ 0.8 if N R = 2 , (BS 5.4.7.2)
Dp Dp
br hs
− 1 ≤ 0.6
0.50 Dp Dp
if N R ≥ 3 ,
where,
br
1.0, if
Dp
≥ 1.5, and
k = (BS 5.4.7.3)
0.6 br hs b
− 1 ≤ 1.0, if r < 1.5.
Dp Dp Dp
The detrimental effect of eccentric placement of studs on the rib and the
beneficial effect of staggered placement of studs is not considered in the pro-
gram. The user should consult the code for more details (BS 5.4.7.2).
In general, the ribs can run at any angle to the beam, not just parallel or per-
pendicular. Ideally, the rib angle to the beam should be considered in deter-
mining the characteristic shear strength of the studs (BS 5.4.7.4). However,
the program considers the ribs to run either parallel or perpendicular, de-
pending on the rib-to-beam angle.
If there are different decks on the left and right sides of the beam, the pro-
gram calculates Qp for each side of the beam, using the same procedure.
Then the program uses the smaller value in the further calculations.
If any of the assumptions do not satisfy the user, the user can calculate the
strength Qp and use that value in the Overwrites form to apply to any specific
composite beam.
Fp
Np = , (BS 5.4.4.1)
Qp
where,
Fp is the maximum force that can be generated in the slab concrete for 100%
composite connection. It is determined as follows:
Fp = min{Fconc,max, Fsteel,max}
Fconc,max = [0.45 fcu Be (Ds − Dp)]left + [0.45 fcu beff (Ds − Dp)]right(BS 5.4.4.1)
If the deck ribs are parallel to the beam, the contributions of the ribs as well
as the contributions from the slab are considered. In such cases, Fconc,max is
calculated as follows (BS 5.4.4.1):
br D p br Dp
Fconc,max = 0.45 f cu Be t c +
+ 0.45 f cu Be t c +
sr left sr right
In the preceding expressions, As is the total area of steel section alone. For
welded sections, As is computed from plate dimensions. For rolled sections, As
is given in the section definition.
concentrated load occurs within a positive moment region (BS 5.4.5.2). The
program calculates the total number of shear connectors between any such
intermediate point and the adjacent point of zero moment as at least Ni.
M − Ms
Ni = Np ≥ 0. (BS 5.4.5.5, 5.4.5.2)
M c,100 − M s
where,
Note that the preceding equations for Np and Ni are applicable only when each
stud has the same strength Qp. This condition does not exist when the num-
ber of studs per row varies in a ribbed slab that has ribs running perpendicu-
lar to the beam. In such cases, the strength Qp would not be unique (BS
5.4.7.2). The program successfully handles dissimilar strengths of studs by
comparing Fp with the total stud resistance directly, instead of comparing Fp
with NpQp or NiQp.
For negative moment, the longitudinal tensile force carried by the concrete
slab is calculated to be zero, because the contribution from the longitudinal
reinforcement of the slab is conservatively ignored in the program. In such
cases, the required number of shear studs between the point of maximum
negative moment and the point of zero moment is taken as zero. However,
studs are placed based on maximum spacing requirements (BS 5.4.8.1).
When the strength is based on elastic stress distribution, the number of studs
is calculated using the same procedure described previously.
The program places the total number of shear connectors uniformly spaced
along the length of the beam (BS 5.4.5.1). In addition, the minimum and
maximum spacing requirements are satisfied (BS 5.4.8.1, 5.4.8.4.1).
Fp
Na = PCC (BS 5.4.4.1, 5.5.2)
Qp
where,
Fc
PCC = , where
Fp
The program calculates the total number of shear connectors between a point
of concentrated load and the adjacent point of zero moment as at least Ni (BS
5.5.2, 5.4.5.5, 5.4.5.2):
Fp M − Ms
Ni = PCC ≥ 0. (BS 5.4.5.5, 5.5.2)
Qp M c , PCC − M s
where Mc,PCC is the plastic moment capacity of the composite beam section for
the designed level of composite connection (PCC). All other terms are as de-
fined in the previous section.
For design, the value of PCC is determined such that the moment capacity is
satisfied. The value of PCC is taken as at least PCCmin. The default value of
PCCmin is taken from the following equation (BS 5.5.2). Note that the user can
overwrite this value using the Overwrites form.
40% if L ≤ 10 m,
L−6
PCCmin = x 100% if 10 m < L ≤ 16 m, (BS 5.5.2)
10
100% if L < 16 m
The number of required shear connectors and their distribution over the
length of the beam is affected by different factors, especially dissimilar con-
nector strength on ribbed slabs, the presence of negative moment on the
span, the elastic or plastic stress distribution on the composite section, and
the uniformity of spacing. This is described in the previous section and also
applies here.
When the user does not specify the stud distribution, but rather lets the pro-
gram solve that problem, the program both checks the adequacy of the com-
posite beam for strength, deflection, vibration, and other criteria and also
determines the PCC required for those criteria. Hence, the PCC is determined
first based on the criteria. Then, checks are performed based on the calcu-
lated PCC, thus resulting in iteration to determine the final PCC.