Grammar Practice

Conditional sentences_Revision
A. Lý thuyết
1. Cấu trúc

Types If clause Main clause

1 If + S + V(s/es) S + will / can / may + V0

2 If + S + Ved/2 S + would / could / might + V0

3 If + S + had Ved/3 S + would / could / might + have + Ved/3

Vd: If it rains, I will stay at home tonight.

If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster.
If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam.
2. Cách dùng
- Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để diễn tả điều kiện ..............................................................................
- Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả điều kiện ..............................................................................
- Câu điều kiện loại 3 dùng để diễn tả điều kiện ..............................................................................
3. Chú ý
 Unless = ...........................
Vd: If you don’t water the plant, it will die.
= Unless you water the plant, it will die.

 Provided (that), On condition (that), As long as, So long as (miễn là, với điều kiện là), Suppose,
Supposing (giả sử như), In case (trong trường hợp), Even if (thậm chí khi, ngay cả khi) ... có thể
dùng thay cho If trong câu điều kiện.
Vd: In case you change your mind, you can call me. (= If you change ...)

 Các hình thức đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện:

1 Should + S + V0, ...

2 Were + S + to V0/..., ...

3 Had + S + Ved/3, ...

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B. Bài tập
I. Make conditional sentences, using the fact given.
e.g. Keep silent, or you’ll wake the baby up.
..If you don’t keep silent, you’ll wake the baby up. .......................................................................
1. Leave immediately, or I’ll call a policeman.
.........................................................................................................................................................
2. Go right now, or you’ll be late for the train.
.........................................................................................................................................................
3. Be careful, or you’ll cut yourself with that knife.
.........................................................................................................................................................
4. In case I forget, please remind me.
.........................................................................................................................................................
5. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.
.........................................................................................................................................................
6. She can’t keep pace with her classmates because she is often absent from class,
.........................................................................................................................................................
7. You should stop smoking.
.........................................................................................................................................................
8. Without the air, we would die.
.........................................................................................................................................................
9. It was very cold yesterday - that’s why we couldn’t go swimming.
.........................................................................................................................................................
10. I didn’t watch TV last night because I was busy.
.........................................................................................................................................................
11. Without money, he wouldn’t have bought such a big house.
.........................................................................................................................................................
12. Without your help, I wouldn’t have survived.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................

II. Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words given.

1. If she does not hurry, she’ll be late.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................................
2. If we had more rain, our crops would be better.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................................

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3. If you see John, tell him to meet me after school.
Should .............................................................................................................................................
4. If she were my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to go out that late.
Were ...............................................................................................................................................
5. If we had kids, we would need a bigger house.
Were ...............................................................................................................................................
6. If Tom had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game.
Had ..................................................................................................................................................
7. If it hadn’t been for my father's money, we couldn't have managed our business successfully.
Had ..................................................................................................................................................
8. You can stay here, but you need to keep quiet.
As ....................................................................................................................................................
9. I didn’t finish my college, and now I can’t find a well-paid job.
If ......................................................................................................................................................
10. You didn’t have breakfast - that is why you are hungry now.
If ......................................................................................................................................................

 Chú ý:
Cách đổi từ If sang Unless:
- Nếu mệnh đề If là phủ định, ...........................................................................................................
- Nếu mệnh đề If là khẳng định, ........................................................................................................

III. Choose the best answers.

1. If it ................ convenient, let's go out for a drink tonight.
A. be B. is C. was D. were
2. “What ................ if the earth stopped moving?”
A. happened B. would happen C. happens D. will happen
3. If he hadn't wasted too much time, he ................ in his examination.
A. would fail B. wouldn't fail C. won't fail D. wouldn't have failed
4. If I had take that English course, I ................ much progress.
A. had made B. made C. would make D. would have made
5. ................ a few more minutes, we could have finished the task.
A. If we had had B. If we have C. If we had D. Unless we had
6. I would join that running competition ................
A. when I was 5 years older B. if I were 5 years younger
C. if it would happen 5 years ago D. unless I were 5 years younger

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7. The bad weather caused serious damage to the crop. If only it ................ warmer.
A. were B. had been C. has been D. was
8. If everyone ................, how would we control the traffic?
A. could fly B. flies C. can fly D. had flown
9. ................ without animals and plants?
A. What would life on earth be like B. How would life on earth be for
C. What will life on earth be like D. How will life on earth be like
10. If it ................ for the heavy storm, the accident would not have happened.
A. isn’t B. hadn’t been C. were D. weren’t

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