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TV Dictionary
TV Dictionary
66
SATURATION — The property SYNCHRONOUS DETECTION — VECTORSCOPE — A specialized
of color which relates to the A demodulation process in oscilloscope which demodulates
amount of white light in the which the original signal is the video signal and presents a
color. Highly saturated colors are recovered by multiplying the display of R-Y versus B-Y. The
vivid, while less saturated colors modulated signal with the out - angle and magnitude of the dis-
appear pastel. For example, red put of a synchronous oscillator played vectors are respectively
is highly saturated, while pink locked to the carrier. related to hue and saturation.
is the same hue but much TERMINATION — In order to VERTICAL INTERVAL —
less saturated. accurately send a signal through The synchronizing information
SETUP — In NTSC systems, a transmission line, there must which appears between fields
video black is typically 7.5 IRE be an impedance at the end and signals the picture monitor
above the blanking level. This which matches the impedance of to go back to the top of the screen
7.5 IRE level is refer red to as the source and of the line itself. to begin another vertical scan.
the black setup level, or simply Amplitude errors and reflections WAVEFORM MONITOR —
as setup. will otherwise result. Video is a A specialized oscilloscope for
SUBCARRIER — The modula- 75 Ohm system, so a 75 Ohm evaluating television signals.
tion sidebands of the color sub- terminator must be put at the
end of the signal path. Y — Abbreviation for luminance.
carrier contain the R-Y and B-Y
information. For NTSC, subcarrier UNMODULATED — When used ZERO CARRIER REFERENCE —
frequency is 3.579545 MHz. to describe television test sig - A 120 IRE pulse in the vertical
nals, this term refers to pulses interval which is produced by
and pedestals which do not have the demodulator to provide a
high-frequency chrominance reference for evaluating depth
information added to them. of modulation.
67
APPENDIX A - NTSC COLOR BARS
There are two basic types of six primary and secondary col -
100% NTSC color bar signals in com- ors required for color bars. For
77 mon use. The terms "75% bars" 75% bars, the maximum ampli -
and "100% bars" are generally tude of the RGB signals is 75%
RED
SIGNAL
used to distinguish between the of the peak white level. For
two types. While this terminolo - 100% bars, the RGB signals can
7.5 gy is widely used, there is often extend up to 100% of peak
0% confusion about exactly which white (see Figures 110 and 111).
parameters the 75% versus
100% 100% notation refers to. Saturation. Both 75% and 100%
77 amplitude color bars are 100%
RGB Amplitudes. The 75%/100% saturated. In the RGB format,
GREEN
SIGNAL nomenclature specifically refers colors are saturated if at least
to the maximum amplitudes one of the primaries is at zero.
7.5 reached by the Red, Green, and Note in Figures 110 and 111 that
0% Blue signals when they form the the zero signal level is at setup
(7.5 IRE) for NTSC.
100%
77
BLUE
SIGNAL
7.5
0%
Figure 110. RGB levels decoded from 75% bars with 75% white.
100%
RED
SIGNAL
7.5
0%
100%
GREEN
SIGNAL
7.5
0%
100%
BLUE
SIGNAL
7.5
0%
Figure 111. RGB levels decoded from 100% bars with 100% white.
68
The Composite Signal. In the com- Effects of Setup. Because of setup,
posite signal, both chrominance the 75% signal level for NTSC is
and luminance amplitudes vary at 77 IRE. The maximum available
according to the 75%/100% dis - signal amplitude is 100 - 7.5, or
tinction. However, the ratio 92.5 IRE. 75% of 92.5 IRE is
between chrominance and lumi- 69.4 IRE, which when added to
nance amplitudes remains con- the 7.5 IRE pedestal, yields a
stant in order to maintain 100% level of approximately 77 IRE.
saturation (see Figures 112 Note in Figure 110 that the 75%
and 113). white bar and the 75% RGB
signals extend to 77 IRE.
White Bar Levels. Color bar signals
can also have different white bar
levels, typically either 75% or
100%. This parameter is com -
pletely independent of the
75%/100% amplitude distinction
Figure 112. 75% bars with 100% white.
and either white level may be
associated with either type of bars.
69
APPENDIX B - SINE-SQUARED PULSES
0.5
T PULSE
2T PULSE
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MHz
FREQUENCY
70
APPENDIX C - RS-170A
71
APPENDIX C - RS-170A
NTSC Standard
72
APPENDIX D - FCC 73.699, Fig. 6
73
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