Landsat 5 & 7

Boudewijn van Leeuwen, ITC-RSG-GTS

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 Landsat Program

• Landsat 1 – 23 July 1972 - 6 Jan 1978

• Landsat 2 – 22 January 1975 - 1983
• Landsat 3 – 5 March 1978 - 7 Jan 1983
• Landsat 4 – 16 July 1982 - Standby Dec ‘93
• Landsat 5 – 1 March 1984 - Operational
• Landsat 6 – 5 October 1993 - Launch failure
• Landsat 7 – 15 April 1999 - SLA off
• LDCP – ………… - T.B.D.

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 Landsat 5 & 7 General
Characteristics
Landsat 5 Landsat 7
Operator/Owner NASA/USGS NASA/USGS
Launch date 1 March 1984 (!) 15 April 1999
Height 705 Km 705 Km
Orbit type Sun Synchronous Polar orbit Sun Synchronous Polar orbit
Inclination 98.2° 98.2°
Period 99 min (or 14 orbits a day) 99 min (or 14 orbits a day)
Revisit time 16 days 16 days
Mean overpass time 10 AM 10 AM
Instruments MSS – Multi spectral scanner ETM + Enhanced Thematic Mapper
TM – Thematic Mapper
# of bands 7 7+1
Max spatial resolution 30 15
Swath 185 Km 185 Km
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 Landsat 7

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 Orbit Types

• Polar
• Geostationary
• Sun-synchronous
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 Landsat Orbit

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 Ground Stations
z 16 ground stations receive z 13 ground stations receive
Landsat 5 Data Landsat 7 Data

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 WRS-2
zWorldwide Reference System
zStandard for ordering Landsat data
zScene center is defined by a Path number and a Row number
zLandsat data: 81º North - 81º South, 185 Km
zDay time and Night time

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 Landsat Instruments

zLandsat 5 – Multi Spectral Scanner

zLandsat 5 – Thematic Mapper (TM)
zLandsat 7 – Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+)

zMSS
4 Bands, 500 – 1100 nm, 80 meter resolution, wiskbroom

z“Thematic” Mapper
Bands were selected for specific thematic applications

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 Multi Spectral Scanners

A multi-spectral scanner is a single sensor that detects several narrow wavebands of

energy at once.

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 Multi Spectral Scanners

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 ETM + Band Characteristics
Wavelength Resolution (m) # of detectors Swath (km)

Band 1 Blue 0.45-0.52 30 16 185

Band 2 Green 0.53-0.61 30 16 185

Band 3 Red 0.63-0.69 30 16 185

Band 4 NIR 0.78-0.90 30 16 185

Band 5 SWIR 1.55-1.75 30 16 185

Band 6L TIR, 10.4-12.5 60 8 185

Low
Band 6H TIR, 10.4-12.5 60 8 185
High
Band 7 SWIR 2.09-2.35 30 16 185

Band 8 PAN 0.52-0.90 15 32 185

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 Spectral Response Curve 1/2

Full Width-Half Maximum (FWHM)

Maximum

Half Maximum

Response curve

Minimum

Full Width

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 Spectral Response Curve 2/2

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 Landsat 5 vs SPOT 4
Central Wavelength Band width
Band
in µm in µm

1 0.669 3

2 0.68 10

3 0.69 12

4 0.703 16

5 0.716 16

6 0.733 16

7 0.749 16

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 Scanning Principles

zPushbroom
zWhiskbroom
zWhiskbroom scanner with rotating mirror

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 Scanning Principle - Push-broom

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 Scanning Principle - Line Scanner

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 ETM + Schematic

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 Whiskbroom: across-track pixel size

Degradation of
resolution across
one scan-line of
the AVHRR
sensor of the
NOAA satellite.

Pixel size is even

more increased by
Earth’s curvature.

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 Comparable Satellites

Platform Sensor Resolution #B Swath Angle Revisit

Landsat 4 & 5 TM 30 m 7 185 km No 16 days

Landsat 7 ETM+ 15 m (PAN) 8 185 km No 16 days
IRS 1C & 1D LISS-3 24 m 4 142 km No 24 days
Spot 1-3 HRV 10 m (PAN) 3 60 km ±27° 4-6 days
Spot 4 HRVIR 10 m (PAN) 4 60 km ±27° 4-6 days
Spot 5 HRG 5 m (PAN) 5 60 km ±27° 1-4 days
Terra (EOS AM-1) ASTER 15 m (VIS) 14 60 km ±24° 5 days

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 Swath versus Resolution

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 SPOT & Landsat

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 Landsat ETM (30m)
G(4)+R(5)+SWIR(7)

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 Landsat ETM+ (30m+15m Combined)

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 Landsat 7 L1R and L1G

z Level L1R

z Level L1G
z Definitive
ephemeris will be
implemented for
30-50m accuracy

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 Landsat 7 – B6 Striping

z Band 6 striping Î

z Apparent systematic error in Band 6

radiance calibration
translates into estimated
temperatures derived from Landsat-7
ETM+
being about 3ºC too high for typical
Earth surface temperatures

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 Landsat 7 Mirror scan problems

z Mirror scan anomalie

z Severe mirror scan anomalie

z Don’t buy!

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 Scan Line Corrector (SLC) Problem

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 7
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2
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SLC Correction Phase 1

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F
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2
Left: SLC-off image, Sept 17, 2003
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S Right: Same image, with gaps filled

a
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by local linear histogram-matched
i
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a data acquired on Sept 14, 2002
g
e
,

w
i
t Target release of SLC corrected
h

g
a
data: June 2004
p
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 More Information:

ITC’s Database of Satellites and Sensors:

http://www.itc.nl/research/products/sensordb/searchsat.aspx

Landsat 7 Science Data Users handbook:

http://ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/IAS/handbook/handbook_toc.html

USGS Distributed Data Archive:

http://edcimswww.cr.usgs.gov/pub/imswelcome/

WRS – Lat-Lon Converter:

http://landsat7.usgs.gov/wrsconvert/index.html

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