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Chemical Technology of Wood, Pulp and Paper in Culture, Education and Industry
Chemical Technology of Wood, Pulp and Paper in Culture, Education and Industry
Chemical Technology of Wood, Pulp and Paper in Culture, Education and Industry
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CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY OF WOOD, PULP and nature, to increase the environmental qual-
AND PAPER IN CULTURE, EDUCATION AND ity2, 3, 4, 5, to increase the investments to the forest
INDUSTRY products industry1, to improve process and systems
efficiency6, 7, including the efficiency in the use of
papermaking chemicals, fillers and other additives8,
Opening remarks of the Conference Chairman 9
, equipment speed and capacity10, 11 and to im-
prove the competitiveness to the WPP products
SVETO KATUSCAK over unsustainable alternatives.
INTRODUCTION
27
WPP 2003 Keynote lectures
The Industrial dimension of the forest prod- Ministry of Agriculture under the leadership of
ucts include: (1) forest industries and products Dr. V. Hruban and Dr. Rudolf Ille, at the Slovak
such as pulp, paper and board, furniture, com- University of Technology in Bratislava and at the
posite wood panels and 3D products; (2) ligno- Bata Company in Otrokovice.
cellulosic (LC) materials and products used in In 1934, the Committee for the development of
construction, transportation and agriculture, and; the Slovak universities issued a memorandum re-
(3) transformation of the economy to sustainable questing the Czechoslovak Government to found
development based mainly on renewable raw ma- the University of Chemical Technology and Engi-
terials. neering with a specialization in the research and
The Cultural dimension of the WPP products processing of wood.
includes: (1) carriers of information, books, news- In 1940, the Wood Research Institute in
papers, documents; (2) artefacts made from wood, Bratislava14 was authorized by Parliament. The
paper, cork, flax, hemp and other cellulose plants in founder of the Institute was the Slovak Govern-
paintings, sculptures and architecture; (3) protec- ments Ministry of Economy; the Institute was a
tion of the cultural heritage; (4) furniture and inte- part of STU (SVST) Bratislava and its mission was
rior design; (5) handmade papermaking. the study of anatomy, physiology, physical and
The competitiveness and quality of the utilisa- chemical properties, and technology of wood, cellu-
tion of the sustainable ex continenti flow of forest lose and paper, synthetic fibres and other wood
products from the industry paper, packagings, products, fuels and other chemical processing of
documents including carriers of historical informa- wood15.
tion and cultural heritage in libraries, archives and 1943 is the year of the Foundation of the Insti-
museums is closely connected with both the qual- tute of the Chemical Technology of Wood by STU
ity of Education and the Cultural niveau of the with Professor Frantisek Kozmal, the first director
society12, 13. It is not technology which is the key of the Institute and general director of the Czecho-
factor of success. It is the Education of people, their slovak pulp and paper industry.
knowledge, the quality of human resources, the con- In 1943, began the focus of specialised higher
tinuing improvement of knowledge resulting from technical education of WPP chemical technology
research and intellectual empowerment which are and engineering at the STU relative to all 3 areas of
the essential ingredients of success. The education WPP utilisation Culture, Industry and Education.
of research universities such as the STU and its In 1952, the Institute was renamed The Depart-
faculties and departments contributes to this suc- ment of the Chemical Technology of Wood
cess. (DWPP).
The mission of the Department in the area of More detailed information about the achievements
chemical technology and engineering is consistent of the Department can be found in the proceedings
with the STU mission collection, creation and of the periodical conferences16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 in the
spreading of knowledge, in the areas of wood, cellu- Annual Reports of the Faculty of Chemical and
lose and paper. Food Technology, on the CD of WPP 2003 and
Significant Dates. The first Institute of the www.e-wpp.com.
Chemical Technology of Wood was founded in Here are a few examples of the activities and the
1943. This is the starting year of the specialised results achieved in the WPP in cooperation with
higher technical education of WPP chemical tech- industrial and research partners:
nology and engineering at the STU for the benefit
of all 3 areas of WPP utilisation Culture, Industry 683 Ing. (equivalent of MSc.) and 72 Ph.D.
and Education. alumni with a specialisation in the chemical tech-
Prior to that, from 19201945, education and nology of wood, pulp and paper (WPP).
research in wood technology was developed at the Graduate and postgraduate courses for students
Institute of Forestry and Wood Technology of the and WPP and related industrial partners.
28
Keynote lectures WPP 2003
1. Melcer I., Blaej 2. Blaej A., utý L.: 8. Blaej A. et al.: 9. Blaej A. et al.:
A., utý L.: Analyti- Vegetable phenolic Tenzides. Structure and
cal chemistry of compounds. properties of
wood. fibrous proteins.
3., 4. Kozmál F.: 5. Blaej A., Krkoka 10. Buèko J., utý 11. Blaej A., utý
Papermaking in P.: Technology of L., Koík M.: L., Koík M.,
theory and practice papermaking. Chemical treatment Krkoka P., Golis E.:
I., II. of wood. Chemistry of wood.
6. Blaej A., Koík 7. Blaej A., Koík M.: 12. utý L.: 13. Blaej A. et al.:
M.: Phytomass as a Phytomass a raw Production and Chemical aspects of
chemical raw material for chemistry properties of pulps. wood treatment.
material. and biotechnology.
Fig. 2. Books.
1. Melcer I., Blaej A., utý L.: Analytical chemistry of wood (Analytická chémia dreva, in Slovak),
Alfa 1976, Bratislava, 326 pages.
29
WPP 2003 Keynote lectures
2. Blaej A., utý L.: Vegetable phenolic compounds (Rastlinné fenolové zlúèeniny, in Slovak), Alfa
1973, Bratislava, 231 pages.
3. Kozmál F.: Papermaking in theory and practice I. - Wood Sci. and pulping (Výroba papiera v teórii a
praxi I., in Slovak), SVTL 1958, Bratislava, 818 pages.
4. Kozmál F.: Papermaking in theory and practice II. - Papermaking (Výroba papiera v teórii a praxi
II., in Slovak), SVTL 1958, Bratislava, 542 pages.
5. Blaej A., Krkoka P.: Technology of papermaking (Technológia výroby papiera, in Slovak), Alfa
1989, Bratislava, 581 pages.
6. Blaej A., Koík M.: Phytomass as a chemical raw material (Fytomasa ako chemická surovina, in
Slovak), Veda 1985, Bratislava, 402 pages.
7. Blaej A., Koík M.: Phytomass - a raw material for chemistry and biotechnology (in English), Ellis
Horwood 1993, Chichester, 463 pages.
8. Blaej A. et al.: Tenzides (Tenzidy, in Slovak), Alfa 1977, Bratislava, 481 pages.
9. Blaej A. et al.: Structure and properties of fibrous proteins (truktúra a vlastnosti vláknitých
bielkovín, in Slovak), Veda 1978, Bratislava, 454 pages.
10. Buèko J., utý L., Koík M.: Chemical conversion of wood (Chemické spracovanie dreva, in Slovak),
Alfa 1988, Bratislava, 311 pages.
11. Blaej A., utý L., Koík M., Krkoka P. Golis E.: Chemistry of wood (Chémia dreva, in Slovak), Alfa
1975, Bratislava, 221 pages.
12. utý L.: Production and properties of pulps (Výroba a vlastnosti bunièín, in Slovak), Alfa 1982,
Bratislava, 486 pages.
13. Blaej A. et al.: Chemical aspects of wood conversion (Chemické aspekty ivotného prostredia, in
Slovak), Alfa 1981, Bratislava. 596 pages.
Books and textbooks for polytechnic education mill trials in the Bukocel, a.s., Hencovce and in
in wood, pulp and paper science and technology Kappa, túrovo.
(Fig. 2). Improvements of knowledge on the non-chlorine
Study of optical properties of LC materials and bleaching technologies (ECF, TCF), and its en-
products and their use for non-destructive evalu- vironmental aspects by the use of oxygen, ozone
ation and testing (NDE, NDT), evaluation and and hydrogen peroxide, stability of hydrogen
sorting of qualitative classes and changes of wood peroxide, development of new additives for the
and LC products23, 24 and the recognition of spe- application of hydrogen peroxide in the bleach-
cies and characteristic features and their trans- ing of pulps in the alkaline and acidic medium,
formations in processes25,26, . study of one-stage and multi-stage bleaching of
Increasing knowledge on viscoelastic properties wood and pulp by means of hydrogen peroxide
of the different kinds of wood utilized in high and peroxyacetic acid38, 39.
yield pulping27and the papermaking properties Ageing of paper. The improvement of testing
of fibers28. Research and development of waste methods and their reliability in predicting the
paper treatment, chemical modifications, de- period of service of untreated historical books
inking and using of waste paper in paper produc- and archived documents40, 41. Comparative evalu-
tion, verified in TCF process. ation of deacification and fortifying technolo-
Studies29, 30 focused on the formulation of origi- gies with respect to end-use properties, such as
nal mixtures of surfactants as additives for kraft strength, folding endurance, optical properties
pulping31, 32, neutral sulfite semichemical pulp- and their preservation in multifactorial aging.42
ing33, 34, pulp washing, oxygen delignification 35, Description of the papermaking properties of
36
and deinking 37 conducted in cooperation with pulp fibres using mathematical tools and regional
the Pulp and Paper Research Institute (VUPC) fibre sources.
in Bratislava. The enhanced delignification rate, The research of colloidal interactions in paper-
decreased pitch formation and significantly re- making suspension focused on the retention of
duced amount of rejects were confirmed also in fibres, fines and filler43, 44.
30
Keynote lectures WPP 2003
31
WPP 2003 Keynote lectures
robkov.), EL&T Bratislava 2001, e-book, 101 Chemical Technology of Wood, Pulp and Pa-
pages ISBN 8-88812-18-6 (in Slovak). per, September 1719, 2003, City Hotel
5. Gottsching, L., Hamm, U., ECF- and TCF Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
bleached sulphate pulps a comparision of 14. Anon., Act of parliament no. 154, June 5, 1940:
their environmental impact, Proceedings of Wood Research Institute, Bratislava. Code (Slo-
the Int. Conference Chemical Technology of venský zákonník) no. 153, p. 239, Bratislava.
Wood, Pulp and Paper, September 1719, 15. Anon., Resolution of government from Sep-
2003, City Hotel Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak tember 12, 1940: Organization and activity of
Republic. the Wood Research Institute, Slovak Code 45,
6. Gellerstedt, G., On the delignification efficiency September 16, 1940, Bratislava.
in kraft pulping, Proceedings of the Int. Con- 16. Kozmál F., Twenty years progress of science
ference Chemical Technology of Wood, Pulp and research at department of chemical tech-
and Paper, September 1719, 2003, City Hotel nology of wood and chemical fibers. In.:
Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Proccedings of Research at Chemical Faculty
7. Paris, J., Stuart, P. R., Process integration and of Slovak Univerzity of Technology, Bratislava
pulp & paper industry, Proceedings of the Int. 1963, s. 121133 (in Slovak).
Conference Chemical Technology of Wood, 17. Hostomský, J., utý, L., Reiser, V., Krkoka, P.,
Pulp and Paper, September 1719, 2003, City Luáková, V., Research work on the depart-
Hotel Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. ment of chemical technology of wood, pulp
8. Lorusso, M., Optimization of calcium car- and paper. In.: Lectures and Summaries, Fac-
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Proceedings of the Int. Conference Chemical tislava, Sept. 1969, s. 117127.
Technology of Wood, Pulp and Paper, Septem- 18. utý, L., Koík, M., Krkoka, P., The survey
ber 1719, 2003, City Hotel Bratislava, of research and development on chemistry of
Bratislava, Slovak Republic. lignin in pulp and paper. Proceedings Of Con-
9. Pruszynski, P., New developments in paper- ference: The New Knowledges in Textile,
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Pulp and Paper, September 1719, 2003, City s. 99125 (in Slovak).
Hotel Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. 19. utý, L., Koík, M., Krkoka, P., The main
10. Poirier , N. A., Pikulik, I., New developments direction of research and development at de-
in paper and board drying, Proceedings of the partment of chemical of textile, pulp and pa-
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Wood, Pulp and Paper, September 1719, tion of Pulp, Paper and Utilization of Non
2003, City Hotel Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Cellulose Compounds, CHTF SVT Bra-
Republic. tislava, 1982, s. 5892 (in Slovak).
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the Int. Conference Chemical Technology of partment of textile, pulp and paper in chemical
Wood, Pulp and Paper, September 1719, technology of wood, pulp and paper. In: Pro-
2003, City Hotel Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak ceedings of Conference: Production of Pulp,
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12. Bales, V., Bakos, D., University education of pounds. Bratislava, CHTF SVT 1988, s. 112
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32
Keynote lectures WPP 2003
22. Krkoka, P., utý, L., urina, I., Luáková, V., ces s aditívami. Papír a celulóza 53, (78),
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33
WPP 2003 Keynote lectures
43. Suty, S., Alince, B., Van de Ven, T. G. M., 50. Yasuda, A., Sadoh, T., Nakato, K. 1983: Visual
Stability of ground and precipitated CaCO3 and tactile roughness of hardwood surfaces re-
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34