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Bki Section 18
Bki Section 18
Section 18
Equipment
The equipment is, therefore, not designed to hold a ship 7. For ships having three or more propellers, a reduction
off fully exposed coasts in rough weather or to stop a ship of the weight of the bower anchors and the chain cables may
which is moving or drifting. In this condition the loads on be considered.
the anchoring equipment increase to such a degree that
its components may be damaged or lost owing to the high
energy forces generated, particularly in large ships.
B. Equipment Numeral
The anchoring equipment required by this Section is designed
to hold a ship in good holding ground in conditions such
as to avoid dragging of the anchor. In poor holding ground 1. The equipment numeral Z1 for anchors and chain
the holding power of the anchors will be significantly cables is to be calculated as follows:
reduced.
4. When determining the equipment for ships having Where a deckhouse having a breadth greater than B/4 is
the navigation notation "T" (Sheltered Shallow Water located above a deckhouse having a breadth of B/4 or less,
Service) affixed to their Character of Classification, the the wide house is to be included and the narrow house
provisions of Section 30, E. are to be observed. ignored.
18 - 2 Section 18 - Equipment C
Screens of bulwarks 1,5 m or more in height are to be be connected to their chain cables and positioned on board
regarded as parts of houses when determining h and A, e.g. ready for use.
the area shown in Fig. 18.1 as A1 is to be included in A.
The height of the hatch coamings and that of any deck cargo, It is to be ensured that each anchor can be stowed in the
such as containers, may be disregarded when determining hawse and hawse pipe in such a way that it remains firmly
h and A. secured in seagoing conditions. Details have to be
coordinated with the owner.
Note
D = moulded displacement [t] in sea water having 5. Where special anchors approved as "High Holding
a density of 1,025 t/m3 to the summer load Power Anchors" are used, the anchor mass may be 75 %
waterline of the anchor mass as per Table 18.2.
h = effective height from the summer load waterline "High Holding Power Anchors" are anchors which are
to the top of the uppermost house suitable for ship's use at any time and which do not require
prior adjustment or special placement on the sea bed.
= a + Ehi
For approval as a "High Holding Power Anchor", satisfactory
a = distance [m], from the summer load waterline,
tests are to be made on various types of sea bottom and the
amidships, to the upper deck at side
anchor is to have a holding power at least twice that of a
Ehi = sum of height [m] of superstructures and patent anchor ("Admiralty Standard Stockless") of the same
deckhouses on the upper deck, measured on the mass. The mass of anchors to be tested should be
centreline of each tier. Deck sheer, if any, is to representative of the full range of sizes intended to be
be ignored. For the lowest tier, "h" is to be manufactured. The tests are to be carried out on at least two
measured at centreline from the upper deck or sizes of anchors in association with the chain cables
from a notional deck line where there is local appropriate to the weight. The anchors to be tested and the
discontinuity in the upper deck. standard stockless anchors should be of approx. the same
mass.
A = area [m2], in profile view of the hull,
superstructures and deckhouses above the The chain length used in the tests should be approx. 6 to
summer load waterline within the length L. 10 times the depth of water.
Screens of bulwarks, hatch coamings and deck The tests are normally to be carried out from a tug, however,
equipment, e.g., masts and lifting gear, as well alternative shore based tests (e.g. with suitable winches)
as containers on deck have to be observed for may be accepted.
the calculation of A. Three tests are to be carried out for each anchor and type
of bottom. The pull shall be measured by means of a
dynamometer or recorded by a recording instrument.
C. Anchors Measurements of pull based on rpm/bollard pull curve of
the tug may be accepted.
1. The number of bower anchors is to be determined Testing by comparison with a previously approved HHP
according to column 3 of Table 18.2. The anchors are to anchor may be accepted as a basis for approval. The
Section 18 - Equipment D, E 18 - 3
maximum mass of an anchor thus approved may be 10 times 5. Either stud link or short link chain cables may be
the mass of the largest size of anchor tested. used for stream anchors.
The dimensioning of the chain cable and of the windlass 6. For connection of the anchor with the chain cable
is to be based on the undiminished anchor mass according approved Kenter-type anchor shackles may be chosen in
to the Tables. lieu of the common Dee-shackles. A forerunner with swivel
is to be fitted between anchor and chain cable. In lieu of
6. Where stern anchor equipment is fitted, such a forerunner with swivel an approved swivel shackle may
equipment is to comply in all respects with the rules for be used. However, swivel shackles are not to be connected
anchor equipment. The mass of each stern anchor shall be to the anchor shank unless specially approved. A sufficient
at least 35 % of that of the bower anchors. The diameter number of suitable spare shackles are to be kept on board
of the chain cables and the chain length are to be determined to facilitate fitting of the spare anchor at any time. On
from the Tables in accordance with the anchor mass. Where owner's request the swivel shackle may be dispensed with.
a stern anchor windlass is fitted the requirements of Rules
for Machinery Installations, Volume III, Section 14, are 7. The attachment of the inboard ends of the chain cables
to be observed. to the ship's structure is to be provided with a mean suitable
to permit, in case of emergency, an easy slipping of the chain
7. Where a steel wire rope is to be used for the stern cables to sea operable from an accessible position outside
anchor instead of a chain cable the following has to be the chain locker.
observed:
The inboard ends of the chain cables are to be secured to
the structures by a fastening able to withstand a force not
7.1 The steel wire rope shall at least be as long as the less than 15% nor more than 30% of the rated breaking load
required chain cable. The strength of the steel wire rope of the chain cable.
shall at least be of the value for the required chain of grade
K1.
7.2 Between anchor and steel wire rope a shot of E. Chain Locker
12,5 m in length or of the distance between stowed anchor
and windlass shall be provided. The smaller length has to
be taken. 1. The chain locker is to be of capacity and depth
adequate to provide an easy direct lead of the cables through
7.3 A cable winch must be provided according to the the chain pipes and self-stowing of the cables.
requirements for windlasses in Rules for Machinery
Installations, Volume III, Section 14, B. The minimum required stowage capacity without mud box
for the two bow anchor chains is as follows:
[m3]
D. Chain Cables
4. The total length of chain given in the Table 18.2 is 2. The chain locker boundaries and their access openings
to be divided in approximately equal parts between the two are to be watertight to prevent flooding of essential
bower anchors. installation or equipment are aranged, in order to not affect
18 - 4 Section 18 - Equipment F
the proper operation of the ship after accidental flooding Table 18.1 Wire/ fibre ropes diameter
of the chain locker.
Where mooring winches on large ships are located on one 3. Supporting hull structure for mooring equipment
side of the ship, the lengths of mooring ropes should be
increased accordingly.
Strength calculations for supporting hull structures of
mooring equipment are to be based on net thicknesses.
For individual mooring lines with a breaking load above
500 kN the following alternatives may be applied:
For bollards, the acting point of the design load is G. Towing Equipment
to be taken at least equivalent to the diameter of the
pipe above deck level. Special designs have to be 1. Shipboard fittings
evaluated individually.
1.1 Arrangement and strength
3.2 Allowable stresses
Shipboard fittings for towing are to be located on
Normal stress: FN # ReH longitudinals, beams and/or girders, which are part of the
deck construction so as to facilitate efficient distribution
Shear stress: J # 0,6 ReH of the towing load. Other arrangements may be accepted
(for Panama chocks, etc.) provided the strength is confirmed
Equivalent stress: FV # ReH adequate for the intended service.
ReH = Nominal upper yield point of the material used The strength of shipboard fittings used for ordinary towing
[N/mm2] acc. Section 2, B.2. operations (not emergency towing) at bow, sides and stern
and their supporting hull structures are to be determined
on the basis of 1.1.1 and 1.1.2.
4. Corrosion addition
Strength calculations are to be based on net thicknesses
The total corrosion addition, tk, in mm, for both sides of
the hull supporting structure is not to be less than the tnet = t – tk
following values:
tk = corrosion addition, see F.4.
– Ships covered by CSR for bulk carriers and CSR
for double hull oil tankers: Total corrosion additions 1.1.1 Load considerations
defined in these rules
Unless greater safe working load (SWL) of shipboard fittings
– Other ships: 2,0 mm in general and 1,0 mm in dry is specified by the applicant, the minimum design load to
spaces be used is the following value of (1) or (2), whichever is
applicable:
5. Equipment for mooring at single point moorings (1) for normal towing operations (e.g., in harbour) using
fittings at bow, sides and stern, 1,875 times the
5. 1 Upon request from the owner, BKI is prepared to intended maximum towing load (e.g. static bollard
certify that the vessel is specially fitted for compliance with pull) as indicated on the towing and mooring
Sections 2.1, 4.2 and 6. of the "Standards for equipment arrangements plan.
employed in the mooring of ships at single point moorings"
published by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum If the intended maximum towing load is not specified
(OCIMF), 1978. by the applicant, the nominal breaking strength of
the corresponding mooring lines according to Table
5. 2 The certificate may be issued if 18.2 for the equipment numeral Z2 is to be applied.
.1 plans showing the equipment and the arrangement (2) for other towing service using the forward main
as well as necessary substructures are submitted for towing fittings, in general arranged on forecastle
approval; deck at the vessel's centreline, the nominal breaking
strength of the tow line according to Table 18.2 for
.2 the chain stopper, Smith bracket, or other device the equipment numeral Z2.
for securing the chafing chain to the ship and the
structure to which it is attached are capable of (3) The design load is to be applied through the tow line
withstanding a load not less than the breaking according to the arrangement shown on the towing
strength of the chain corresponding to the size of and mooring arrangements plan, see Fig. 18.2.
the ship as given in Section 6 of the standards
stipulated in 5.1 above and calculations to For bollards, the acting point of the design load is
demonstrate this capability are submitted; to be taken at least equivalent to the diameter of the
pipe above deck level. Special designs have to be
.3 the chain bearing surface of the bow fairleads evaluated individually.
described in 6.1 of the standard stipulated in 3.5.1
above have a diameter at least seven times that of (4) When a specific SWLGL, that is greater than required
the associated chain; in 1.2, is applied for a fitting at the request of the
applicant, the fitting and the supporting hull structure
.4 the installation on board the ship is surveyed by have to be designed using the requested SWLGL times
BKI’s Surveyor. 1,875 as design load.
Section 18 - Equipment H 18 - 7
The SWLGL for the intended use for each shipboard fitting
is to be noted in the towing and mooring arrangements plan
available on board for the guidance of the Master.
FD = design load per 1.1.1(1)
Information provided on the plan is to include in respect
(2) The safe working load for a shipboard fitting used of each shipboard fitting:
for other towing service (i.e., for the main towing
fittings) is not to exceed the following value: – location on the ship
– fitting type
– SWLGL
FD = design load per 1.1.1(2).
– purpose (mooring / normal towing operations / other
(3) For chocks and bollards of which the strength shall towing services); and
comply with Panama Canal Regulations, the safe
working load is not to exceed the following value: – manner of applying towing or mooring line load
including limiting fleet angles.
[kg] [m] [mm] [mm] [mm] [m] [kN] [m] [kN] [m] [kN]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
101 up to 50 2 120 40 165 12,5 12,5 12,5 80 65 180 100 3 80 35
102 50 - 70 2 180 60 220 14 12,5 12,5 80 65 180 100 3 80 35
103 70 - 90 2 240 80 220 16 14 14 85 75 180 100 3 100 40
104 90 - 110 2 300 100 247,5 17,5 16 16 85 80 180 100 3 110 40
105 110 - 130 2 360 120 247,5 19 17,5 17,5 90 90 180 100 3 110 45
106 130 - 150 2 420 140 275 20,5 17,5 17,5 90 100 180 100 3 120 50
107 150 - 175 2 480 165 275 22 19 19 90 110 180 100 3 120 55
108 175 - 205 2 570 190 302,5 24 20,5 20,5 90 120 180 110 3 120 60
109 205 - 240 2 660 302,5 26 22 20,5 180 130 4 120 65
110 240 - 280 2 780 330 28 24 22 180 150 4 120 70
111 280 - 320 2 900 357,5 30 26 24 180 175 4 140 80
112 320 - 360 2 1020 357,5 32 28 24 180 200 4 140 85
113 360 - 400 2 1140 385 34 30 26 180 225 4 140 95
114 400 - 450 2 1290 385 36 32 28 180 250 4 140 100
115 450 - 500 2 1440 412,5 38 34 30 180 275 4 140 110
116 500 - 550 2 1590 412,5 40 34 30 190 305 4 160 120
117 550 - 600 2 1740 440 42 36 32 190 340 4 160 130
118 600 - 660 2 1920 440 44 38 34 190 370 4 160 145
119 660 - 720 2 2100 440 46 40 36 190 405 4 160 160
120 720 - 780 2 2280 467,5 48 42 36 190 440 4 170 170
121 780 - 840 2 2460 467,5 50 44 38 190 480 4 170 185
122 840 - 910 2 2640 467,5 52 46 40 190 520 4 170 200
123 910 - 980 2 2850 495 54 48 42 190 560 4 170 215
124 980 - 1060 2 3060 495 56 50 44 200 600 4 180 230
125 1060 - 1140 2 3300 495 58 50 46 200 645 4 180 250
126 1140 - 1220 2 3540 522,5 60 52 46 200 690 4 180 270
127 1220 - 1300 2 3780 522,5 62 54 48 200 740 4 180 285
128 1300 - 1390 2 4050 522,5 64 56 50 200 785 4 180 305
129 1390 - 1480 2 4320 550 66 58 50 200 835 4 180 325
130 1480 - 1570 2 4590 550 68 60 52 220 890 5 190 325
131 1570 - 1670 2 4890 550 70 62 54 220 940 5 190 335
132 1670 - 1790 2 5250 577,5 73 64 56 220 1025 5 190 350
133 1790 - 1930 2 5610 577,5 76 66 58 220 1110 5 190 375
134 1930 - 2080 2 6000 577,5 78 68 60 220 1170 5 190 400
135 2080 - 2230 2 6450 605 81 70 62 240 1260 5 200 425
136 2230 - 2380 2 6900 605 84 73 64 240 1355 5 200 450
137 2380 - 2530 2 7350 605 87 76 66 240 1455 5 200 480
138 2530 - 2700 2 7800 632,5 90 78 68 260 1470 6 200 480
139 2700 - 2870 2 8300 632,5 92 81 70 260 1470 6 200 490
140 2870 - 3040 2 8700 632,5 95 84 73 260 1470 6 200 500
141 3040 - 3210 2 9300 660 97 84 76 280 1470 6 200 520
142 3210 - 3400 2 9900 660 100 87 78 280 1470 6 200 555
143 3400 - 3600 2 10500 660 102 90 78 280 1470 6 200 590
144 3600 - 3800 2 11100 687,5 105 92 81 300 1470 6 200 620
145 3800 - 4000 2 11700 687,5 107 95 84 300 1470 6 200 650
146 4000 - 4200 2 12300 687,5 111 97 87 300 1470 7 200 650
147 4200 - 4400 2 12900 715 114 100 87 300 1470 7 200 660
148 4400 - 4600 2 13500 715 117 102 90 300 1470 7 200 670
149 4600 - 4800 2 14100 715 120 105 92 300 1470 7 200 680
150 4800 - 5000 2 14700 742,5 122 107 95 300 1470 7 200 685
151 5000 - 5200 2 15400 742,5 124 111 97 300 1470 8 200 685
152 5200 - 5500 2 16100 742,5 127 111 97 300 1470 8 200 695
153 5500 - 5800 2 16900 742,5 130 114 100 300 1470 8 200 705
154 5800 - 6100 2 17800 742,5 132 117 102 300 1470 9 200 705
155 6100 - 6500 2 18800 742,5 120 107 300 1470 9 200 715
156 6500 - 6900 2 20000 770 124 111 300 1470 9 200 725
157 6900 - 7400 2 21500 770 127 114 300 1470 10 200 725
158 7400 - 7900 2 23000 770 132 117 300 1470 11 200 725
159 7900 - 8400 2 24500 770 137 122 300 1470 11 200 735
160 8400 - 8900 2 26000 770 142 127 300 1470 12 200 735
161 8900 - 9400 2 27500 770 147 132 300 1470 13 200 735
162 9400 - 10000 2 29000 770 152 132 300 1470 14 200 735
163 10000 - 10700 2 31000 770 137 300 1470 15 200 735
164 10700 - 11500 2 33000 770 142 300 1470 16 200 735
165 11500 - 12400 2 35500 770 147 300 1470 17 200 735
166 12400 - 13400 2 38500 770 152 300 1470 18 200 735
167 13400 - 14600 2 42000 770 157 300 1470 19 200 735
168 14600 - 16000 2 46000 770 162 300 1470 21 200 735
1)
d1 = Chain diameter Grade K 1 (Ordinary quality) see C.1.
2)
d2 = Chain diameter Grade K 2 (Special quality) See also D see F.1.2
d3 = Chain diameter Grade K 3 (Extra special quality)