HTML Specification: HTML Attributes:: What Are The W3C and Web Standards?

W3C STANDARDS MAINTAINING BY JKTECHNOSOFT
What are the W3C and web standards?
W3C stands for World Wide Web consortium and the W3C was formed in October 1994
by Tim Berners-lee the inventor of the World Wide Web. The W3C oversees internet
development and tries to bring standards and best practices when designing for the
internet.
 They govern standards for many things including HTML, CSS and XML.
HTML SPECIFICATION:
HTML Attributes:
Standard Attributes
Core Attributes
Not valid in base, head, html, meta, param, script, style, and title elements.
Attribute Value Description

class classname Specifies a classname for an element
id id Specifies a unique id for an element
style style_definition Specifies an inline style for an element
title text Specifies extra information about an element
Language Attributes
Not valid in base, br, frame, frameset, hr, iframe, param, and script elements.

ltr Specifies the text direction for the content in an
Dir
rtl element
Specifies a language code for the content in an
Lang language_code
element. Language code reference
Specifies a language code for the content in an
xml:lang language_code element, in XHTML documents. Language code
reference
Keyboard Attributes
Accesskey character Specifies a keyboard shortcut to access an element
tabindex number Specifies the tab order of an element
Standard Event Attributes
HTML 4 added the ability to let events trigger actions in a browser, like starting a
JavaScript when a user clicks on an element.
To learn more about programming events, please visit our JavaScript tutorial and our
DHTML tutorial.
Below is the standard event attributes that can be inserted into HTML / XHTML
elements to define event actions.
<body> and <frameset> Events
The two attributes below can only be used in <body> or <frameset>:

onload script Script to be run when a document load
onunload script Script to be run when a document unload
Form Events
The attributes below can be used in form elements:

onblur script Script to be run when an element loses focus
onchange script Script to be run when an element change
onfocus script Script to be run when an element gets focus
onreset script Script to be run when a form is reset
onselect script Script to be run when an element is selected
onsubmit script Script to be run when a form is submitted
Image Events
The attribute below can be used with the img element:

Script to be run when loading of an image is
onabort script
interrupted
Keyboard Events
Valid in all elements except base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta,
param, script, style, and title.

onkeydown script Script to be run when a key is pressed
onkeypress script Script to be run when a key is pressed and released
onkeyup script Script to be run when a key is released
Mouse Events
Valid in all elements except base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta,
param, script, style, and title.

onclick script Script to be run on a mouse click
ondblclick script Script to be run on a mouse double-click
onmousedown script Script to be run when mouse button is pressed
onmousemove script Script to be run when mouse pointer moves
Script to be run when mouse pointer moves out of an
onmouseout script
element
Script to be run when mouse pointer moves over an
onmouseover script
element
onmouseup script Script to be run when mouse button is released
HTML Tags
 Tag
Definition: The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the source code. A comment
will be ignored by the browser. One can use comments to explain code, which can help
while editing the source code at a later date.
Valid Syntax: 
Standard Attributes: The comment tag does not support any standard attributes.
HTML Tag: html:
Definition: The root element that specifies that the content of the document is HTML.
The opening tag immediately follows the DOCTYPE declaration and the closing tag is the
last thing in the document. The html element must contain the head and the body
elements.
Valid Syntax: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
Standard Attributes: Doctype of html. xmlns is used to define the XML

namespace. The value must be http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml.
HTML Tag: head:

Definition: The header of an HTML document where information about the document is
placed.
 One must use the title element within the head element and meta, style, script,
base and link can also be used.
Valid Syntax:
<head>
<title>Shiny Gongs</title>
<link rel="Shortcut Icon" type="image/ico" href="/favicon.ico" />
<script src="/script/somescript.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
Standard Attributes
 None.
HTML Tag: body:

Definition: The main body of an HTML document where all of the content is placed.
 One must use this element and it should be used just once. It must start
immediately after the closing head tag and end directly before the closing html
tag.
Valid Syntax:
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
[a whole body of the web page]
</body>
</html>
Standard Attributes
 None.
HTML Tag: div:

Division. Defines a block of HTML. Commonly used to apply CSS to a chunk of a page.
Valid Syntax:
<body>
<div id="navigation">
[division part]
</div>
<div id="content">
[division part]
</div>
</body>
Attributes:
 Core attributes
 I18n (internationalization) attributes
 Event attributes.
Core Attributes: All
HTML <span> Tag
Definition
 The <span> tag provides no visual change by itself.

 The <span> tag provides a way to add a hook to a part of a text or a part of a
document.
 When the text is hooked in a span element you can add styles to the content, or
manipulate the content with for example JavaScript.
 Used to make any field in form as mandatory.
Valid Syntax:
<span class="blue">light blue</span>
Standard Attributes: All
HTML <link> Tag
Definition and Usage
 The <link> tag defines the relationship between a document and an external
resource.
 The <link> tag is most used to link to style sheets.
 Used inside the head tag.
Valid Syntax:
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="theme.css" />
</head>
Optional Attributes : All
Core Attribute: All
HTML <meta> Tag
Definition
 Metadata is information about data.
 The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document. Metadata will not
be displayed on the page, but will be machine parsable.
 Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of
the document, last modified, and other metadata.
 The <meta> tag always goes inside the head element.
 The metadata can be used by browsers (how to display content or reload page),
search engines (keywords), or other web services.
Valid Syntax:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />

<meta name="keywords" content="darwin, evolution, natural selection, species,
beagle, 1859" />
<meta scheme="ISBN" name="identifier" content="0-14-043205-1" />
Required Attributes: All
Optional Attributes All
Note: Metadata is always passed as name/value pairs.
Event Attributes:
The <meta> tag does not support any event attributes.
HTML Tag: style
 Used to define CSS at a page-level (as opposed to an external CSS file).

 A style element must appear inside the head element.
 The <style> tag is used to define style information for an HTML document.
 Inside the style element you specify how HTML elements should render in a
browser.
 The required type attribute defines the content of the style element. The only
possible value is "text/css".
 The style element always goes inside the head section.
 To link to an external style sheet, use the <link> tag.
Valid syntax:
<style type="text/css">
h1 {color:red}
p {color:blue}
</style>
Attribute:
type: text/css Specifies the MIME type of the style sheet
Optional Attributes: media
Standard Attributes: all
Event Attributes The <style> tag does not support any event attributes.
HTML Tag: h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6
 Heading 1 to Heading 6 (1 being the highest level, 6 being the lowest). Headings
should be used in order and h1 used just once.
 The <h1> to <h6> tags are used to define HTML headings.
 <h1> defines the largest heading and <h6> defines the smallest heading.
Valid syntax:
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>

Optional Attributes: align
Event Attributes: mouse and keyboard
HTML Tag: strong
 Strong emphasis.
 The <em>, <strong>, <dfn>, <code>, <samp>, <kbd>, <var>, and <cite> tags are
all phrase tags. They are not deprecated, but it is possible to achieve richer effect
with CSS.
Valid syntax:
Tag Description
<em> Renders as emphasized text
<strong> Renders as strong (highlighted) text
<dfn> Defines a definition term
<code> Defines computer code text
<samp> Defines sample computer code
<kbd> Defines keyboard text
<var> Defines a variable part of a text
<cite> Defines a citation
Event Attributes: mouse and keyboard
HTML <a> Tag
The <a> tag defines an anchor. An anchor can be used in two ways:
1. To create a link to another document, by using the href attribute

2. To create a bookmark inside a document, by using the name attribute
The a element is usually referred to as a link or a hyperlink.
The most important attribute of the a element is the href attribute, which indicates the
link’s destination.
By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers:
 An unvisited link is underlined and blue

 A visited link is underlined and purple
 An active link is underlined and red
Valid syntax:
<p><a href="http://www.htmldog.com">Link to a URI</a></p>

<p><a href="#content">Link to a page anchor</a></p>
Optional Attributes
 href can be used to specify the target of a link.
 charset can be used to specify the character set of the target of a link.
 type can be used to specify the MIME type of the target of a link.
 hreflang can be used to specify the language (in the form of a language code) of
the target of a link. It should only be used when href is also used.
 rel can be used to specify the relationship of the target of the link to the current
page.
 rev can be used to specify the relationship of the current page to the target of the
link.
 accesskey can be used to associate a keyboard shortcut to the element.
 tabindex can be used to specify where the element appears in the tab order of the
page.
HTML <base> Tag
 The <base> tag specifies a default address or a default target for all links on a
page.
 The <base> tag goes inside the head element.
Valid syntax:
<head>
<base href="http://www.w3schools.com/images/" />
<base target="_blank" />
</head>
Attributes
 href
 target
Standard Attributes
The <base> tag does not support any standard attributes.

Images and Objects
HTML <img> Tag
Definition
 The <img> tag embeds an image in an HTML page.

 Notice that images are not technically inserted into an HTML page, images are
linked to HTML pages. The <img> tag creates a holding space for the referenced
image.
 The <img> tag has two required attributes: src and alt.
 The alt attribute is meant to be used as an alternative text if the image is not
available, not as a mouse-over text. To show a mouse-over text on images or
image-maps, use the title attribute, like this: <img src="angry.gif" alt="Angry
face" title="Angry face" />
 When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets
the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that
the images actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise
your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon is shown if the
browser cannot find the image.
Valid syntax:
<img src="angry.gif" alt="Angry face" />
Required Attributes
 src
 alt
Optional Attributes
 longdesc
 height
 width
HTML <area> Tag

The <area> tag defines an area inside an image-map (an image-map is an image with
clickable areas).
The area element is always nested inside a <map> tag.
Note: The usemap attribute in the <img> tag is associated with the map element's name
attribute, and creates a relationship between the image and the map.
Valid syntax:
<img src ="planets.gif" width="145" height="126" alt="Planets" usemap

="#planetmap" />
<map name="planetmap">
<area shape="rect" coords="0,0,82,126" href="sun.htm" alt="Sun" />
<area shape="circle" coords="90,58,3" href="mercur.htm" alt="Mercury" />
<area shape="circle" coords="124,58,8" href="venus.htm" alt="Venus" />
</map>
Required Attributes: alt
Optional Attributes: shape

poly
coords
href
nohref
accesskey
tabindex
Event Attributes: mouse and keyboard events
HTML <map> Tag
 The <map> tag is used to define a client-side image-map. An image-map is an

image with clickable areas.
 The name attribute is required in the map element. This attribute is associated
with the <img>'s usemap attribute and creates a relationship between the image
and the map.
 The map element contains a number of area elements, that defines the clickable
areas in the image map.
Valid syntax:
<img src="planets.gif" width="145" height="126" alt="Planets"

usemap="#planetmap" />
<map name="planetmap">
<area shape="rect" coords="0,0,82,126" href="sun.htm" alt="Sun" />
<area shape="circle" coords="90,58,3" href="mercur.htm" alt="Mercury" />
<area shape="circle" coords="124,58,8" href="venus.htm" alt="Venus" />
</map>
Required Attributes
 id is used to uniquely identify the element.
Optional Attributes
 class can be used to reference the element with CSS.
 title can be used to specify a title for the element.
I18n attributes: all
Event attributes: all
HTML <object> Tag
 The <object> tag is used to include objects such as images, audio, videos, Java
applets, ActiveX, PDF, and Flash.
 The object element was intended to replace the img and applet elements.
However, because of bugs and a lack of browser support this has not happened.
 The object support in browsers depend on the object type. Unfortunately, the
major browsers use different codes to load the same object type.
 Luckily, the object element provides a solution. If the object element is not
displayed, the code between the <object> and </object> tags will be executed.
This way we can have several nested object elements (one for each browser).
 Note: The <param> tag define run-time settings for the object
 .Important: Do not use the <object> tag for images, use the <img> tag instead!
Valid syntax:
<object classid="clsid:F08DF954-8592-11D1-B16A-00C0F0283628" id="Slider1"

width="100" height="50">
<param name="BorderStyle" value="1" />
<param name="MousePointer" value="0" />
<param name="Enabled" value="1" />
<param name="Min" value="0" />
<param name="Max" value="10" />
</object>
Required Attributes
 None.
Optional Attributes
 classid can be used to specify the location of the object in the form of a URL or
Windows Registry location.
 data can be used to specify the location of the data for the object in the form of a
URL.
 codebase can be used to specify the base location from which relative URLs
specified in the classid, data and archive attributes should be taken.
 declare can be used to specify that the object is a declaration only. It must be
used in the format declare="declare".
 type can be used to specify the content type of the data specified by the data
attribute.
 codetype can be used to specify the content type of the object.
 archive can be used to specify resources relevant to the object. The value should
be a URL or a number of URLs separated by spaces.
 standby can be used to specify text that will be displayed while the object is
loading.
 width can be used to specify the width of the object (in pixels). This can also be
done with CSS.
 height can be used to specify the height of the object (in pixels). This can also be
done with CSS.
 name can be used to specify a name by which the object can be referenced.
 tabindex can be used to specify where the element appears in the tab order of the
page.
Common attributes: all
HTML <param> Tag
The <param> tag is used to define parameters or variables for an object or applet
element.
Valid syntax:
<object id="Slider1" width="100" height="50">
<param name="BorderStyle" value="1" />
<param name="MousePointer" value="0" />
<param name="Enabled" value="1" />
<param name="Min" value="0" />
<param name="Max" value="10" />
</object>
Required Attributes
 name is used so that the element can be referenced and processed by the object.
Optional Attributes
 value can be used to specify the value of the parameter.
 id can be used to uniquely identify the element.
 type can be used to specify the content type.
 valuetype can be used to specify the content type of the value attribute. Values
can be data, ref or obj
Lists
HTML <ul> Tag
 The <ul> tag defines an unordered list (a bulleted list).

 Use CSS to define the type of list.
Valid syntax:
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Required Attributes: none
Standard Attribute: All

HTML Tag: ol
 Ordered list. Used to define a list that has a logical sequence. Used in conjunction
with li to define the list items.
 The list can be numerical or alphabetical.
Valid syntax:
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
Core Attributes All
HTML <li> Tag
 The <li> tag defines a list item.

 The <li> tag is used in both ordered (<ol>) and unordered (<ul>) lists.
 Use CSS to define the type of list and list item.
Valid syntax:
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Required Attributes
 None.
Optional Attributes
 Common attributes
HTML <dl> Tag
 The <dl> tag defines a definition list.
 The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and
<dd> (describes the item in the list).
Valid syntax:
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>
Standard Attributes
 Core and language
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <dt> Tag
 The <dt> tag defines an item in a definition list.

 The <dt> tag is used in conjunction with <dl> (defines the definition list) and
<dd> (describes the item in the list).
Valid syntax:
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dt>Milk</dt>
</dl>
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <dd> Tag
 The <dd> tag is used to describe an item in a definition list.

 The <dd> tag is used in conjunction with <dl> (defines the definition list) and
<dt> (defines the item in the list).
 Inside a <dd> tag you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, lists, etc.
Valid syntax:
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dt>Milk</dt>
</dl>
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
Tables
HTML <table> Tag
The <table> tag defines an HTML table.
A simple HTML table consists of the table element and one or more tr, th, and td
elements.
The tr element defines a table row, the th element defines a table header, and the td
element defines a table cell.
A more complex HTML table may also include caption, col, colgroup, thead, tfoot, and
tbody elements.
Valid syntax:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>$100</td>
</tr>
</table>
Optional Attributes:
DTD indicates in which HTML 4.01/XHTML 1.0 DTD the attribute is allowed. S=Strict,
T=Transitional, and F=Frameset.
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <tr> Tag
 The <tr> tag defines a row in an HTML table.

 A tr element contains one or more th or td elements.
Valid syntax:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>$100</td>
</tr>
</table>
Optional Attributes

right
left
align center Aligns the content in a table row
justify
char
rgb(x,x,x)
Deprecated. Use styles instead.
bgcolor #xxxxxx
Specifies a background color for a table row
colorname
char character Aligns the content in a table row to a character
Sets the number of characters the content will be
charoff number aligned from the character specified by the char
attribute
top
middle
valign Vertical aligns the content in a table row
bottom
baseline
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <td> Tag

The <td> tag defines a standard cell in an HTML table.
An HTML table has two kinds of cells:
 Header cells - contains header information (created with the th element)

 Standard cells - contains data (created with the td element)
 The text in a th element is bold and centered.
 The text in a td element is regular and left-aligned.
 Use the colspan and rowspan attributes to let the content span over multiple
columns or rows!
Valid syntax:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>$100</td>
</tr>
</table>
Optional Attributes
Attribute Value Description DTD

Specifies an abbreviated version of the content
abbr text STF
in a cell
left
right
align center Aligns the content in a cell STF
justify
char
axis category_name Categorizes cells STF
rgb(x,x,x)
bgcolor #xxxxxx TF
Specifies a background color for a cell
colorname
char character Aligns the content in a cell to a character STF
charoff number aligned from the character specified by the char STF
attribute
Specifies the number of columns a cell should
colspan number STF
span
headers headercells'_id Specifies the table headers related to a cell STF
pixels Deprecated. Use styles instead.
height TF
% Sets the height of a cell
nowrap nowrap Specifies that the content inside a cell should not TF
wrap
rowspan number Sets the number of rows a cell should span STF
col
colgroup Defines a way to associate header cells and data
scope STF
row cells in a table
rowgroup
top
middle
valign Vertical aligns the content in a cell STF
bottom
baseline
width
% Specifies the width of a cell
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <th> Tag
The <th> tag defines a header cell in an HTML table.
An HTML table has two kinds of cells:
 Header cells - contains header information (created with the th element)

 Standard cells - contains data (created with the td element)
 The text in a th element is bold and centered.
 \he text in a td element is regular and left-aligned.
 Use the colspan and rowspan attributes to let the content span over multiple
columns or rows!
Valid syntax:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>$100</td>
</tr>
</table>
Optional Attributes

Specifies an abbreviated version of the content
abbr text STF
in a cell
left
right
align center Aligns the content in a cell STF
justify
char
axis category_name Categorizes cells STF
rgb(x,x,x)
bgcolor #xxxxxx TF
Specifies a background color for a cell
colorname
char character Aligns the content in a cell to a character STF
charoff number aligned from the character specified by the char STF
attribute
colspan number Sets the number of columns a cell should span STF
height TF
% Sets the height of a cell
nowrap nowrap Specifies that the content inside a cell should not TF
wrap
rowspan number Sets the number of rows a cell should span STF
col
colgroup Defines a way to associate header cells and data
scope STF
row cells in a table
rowgroup
top
middle
valign Vertical aligns the content in a cell STF
bottom
baseline
width
% Specifies the width of a cell
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <tbody> Tag
The <tbody> tag is used to group the body content in an HTML table.
The tbody element should be used in conjunction with the thead and tfoot elements.
The thead element is used to group the header content in an HTML table and the tfoot
element is used to group the footer content in an HTML table.
<tfoot> must appear before <tbody> within a table, so that a browser can render the foot
before receiving all the rows of data.
Notice that these elements will not affect the layout of the table by default. However, you
can use CSS to let these elements affect the table's layout.
Valid syntax:
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td>Sum</td>
<td>$180</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>$100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>February</td>
<td>$80</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Optional Attributes

right
left
align center Aligns the content inside the tbody element STF
justify
char
Aligns the content inside the tbody element to a
char character STF
character
Sets the number of characters the content inside
charoff number the tbody element will be aligned from the STF
character specified by the char attribute
top
middle Vertical aligns the content inside the tbody
valign STF
bottom element
baseline
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <thead> Tag
 The <thead> tag is used to group the header content in an HTML table.
 The thead element should be used in conjunction with the tbody and tfoot
elements.
 The tbody element is used to group the body content in an HTML table and the
tfoot element is used to group the footer content in an HTML table.
 <tfoot> must appear before <tbody> within a table, so that a browser can render
the foot before receiving all the rows of data.
 Notice that these elements will not affect the layout of the table by default.
However, you can use CSS to let these elements affect the table's layout.
Optional Attributes

align right Aligns the content inside the thead element STF
left
center
justify
char
Aligns the content inside the thead element to a
char character STF
character
charoff number the thead element will be aligned from the STF
top
middle Vertical aligns the content inside the thead
valign STF
bottom element
baseline
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <tfoot> Tag

The <tfoot> tag is used to group the footer content in an HTML table.
The tfoot element should be used in conjunction with the thead and tbody elements.
The thead element is used to group the header content in an HTML table and the tbody
element is used to group the body content in an HTML table.
Note: <tfoot> must appear before <tbody> within a table, so that a browser can render
the foot before receiving all the rows of data.
Notice that these elements will not affect the layout of the table by default. However, you
can use CSS to let these elements affect the table's layout.
Optional Attributes
right
left
align center Aligns the content inside the tfoot element STF
justify
char
Aligns the content inside the tfoot element to a
char character STF
character
charoff number the tfoot element will be aligned from the STF
top
middle Vertical aligns the content inside the tfoot
valign STF
bottom element
baseline
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <col> Tag

 The <col> tag defines attribute values for one or more columns in a table.
 The <col> tag is useful for applying styles to entire columns, instead of repeating
the styles for each cell, for each row.
 The <col> tag can only be used inside a table or a colgroup element
 Tip: Add the style attribute to the <col> tag, and let CSS take care of
backgrounds, width and borders. These are the ONLY CSS properties that work
with the <col> tag.
Valid syntax:
<table width="100%" border="1">
<col align="left" />
<col align="left" />
<col align="right" />
<tr>
<th>ISBN</th>
<th>Title</th>
<th>Price</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3476896</td>
<td>My first HTML</td>
<td>$53</td>
</tr>
</table>
Optional Attributes

left
right
Specifies the alignment of the content related to a col
align center STF
element
justify
char
Specifies the alignment of the content related to a col
char character STF
element to a character
Specifies the number of characters the content will
charoff number be aligned from the character specified by the char STF
attribute
Specifies the number of columns a col element
span number STF
should span
top
middle Specifies the vertical alignment of the content related
valign STF
bottom to a col element
baseline
%
width pixels Specifies the width of a col element STF
relative_length
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <colgroup> Tag

 The <colgroup> tag is used to group columns in a table for formatting.

 The <colgroup> tag is useful for applying styles to entire columns, instead of
repeating the styles for each cell, for each row.
 The <colgroup> tag can only be used inside a table element.
 Tip: Add the style attribute to the <colgroup> tag, and let CSS take care of
backgrounds, width and borders. These are the ONLY CSS properties that work
with the <colgroup> tag.
Optional Attributes
Same as <col>
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <caption> Tag

 The <caption> tag defines a table caption.

 The <caption> tag must be inserted immediately after the <table> tag. You can
specify only one caption per table. Usually the caption will be centered above the
table.
Valid syntax:
<table border="1">
<caption>Monthly savings</caption>
<tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>$100</td>
</tr>
</table>
Optional Attributes
Align
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <form> Tag
 The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form for user input.
 A form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons,
submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select menus, textarea, fieldset,
legend, and label elements.
 Forms are used to pass data to a server.
 Note: The form element is a block-level element, and creates a line break before
and after itself.
Valid syntax:
<form action="form_action.asp" method="get">
First name: <input type="text" name="fname" /><br />
Last name: <input type="text" name="lname" /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>
Required Attributes
Action
Optional Attributes
Specifies the types of files that
accept MIME_type can be submitted through a file STF
upload
Specifies the character-sets the
accept-charset charset STF
server can handle for form-data
application/x-www-form-
Specifies how form-data should
urlencoded
enctype be encoded before sending it to STF
multipart/form-data
a server
text/plain
get
method Specifies how to send form-data STF
post
name name Specifies the name for a form TF
_blank
_self
Deprecated. Specifies where to
target _parent
open the action UR
_top
framename
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <input> Tag
 The <input> tag is used to select user information.

 An input field can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An input
field can be a text field, a checkbox, a password field, a radio button, a button,
and more.
Valid syntax:
<form action="form_action.asp" method="get">

First name: <input type="text" name="fname" /><br />
Last name: <input type="text" name="lname" /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <textarea> Tag
 The <textarea> tag defines a multi-line text input control.

 A text area can hold an unlimited number of characters, and the text renders in a
fixed-width font (usually Courier).
 The size of a textarea can be specified by the cols and rows attributes, or even
better; through CSS' height and width properties.
Valid syntax:
<textarea rows="2" cols="20">

At W3Schools you will find all the Web-building tutorials you need, from basic HTML
to advanced XML, SQL, ASP, and PHP.
</textarea>
Required Attributes
Col,
Rows
Optional Attributes
disabled
name
readonly
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <select> Tag
 The <select> tag is used to create a select list (drop-down list).

 The <option> tags inside the select element define the available options in the list.
 Tip: The select element is a form control and can be used in a form to collect user
input.
Optional Attributes
disabled
name
multiple
size
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <option> Tag

 The <option> tag defines an option in a select list.

 The option element goes inside the select element.
 Tip: If you have a long list of options, you can group together related options
with the <optgroup> tag.
Valid syntax:
<select>
<option>Volvo</option>
<option>Saab</option>
<option>Mercedes</option>
<option>Audi</option>
</select>
Optional Attributes
disabled
label
selected
value
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <optgroup> Tag

<select>
<optgroup label="Swedish Cars">
<option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
<option value="saab">Saab</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="German Cars">
<option value="mercedes">Mercedes</option>
<option value="audi">Audi</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
The <optgroup> tag is used to group together related options in a select list.
If you have a long list of options, groups of related options are easier to handle for the
user.
Required attributed:
label
Optional Attributes
disabled
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <button> Tag
 The <button> tag defines a push button.

 Inside a button element you can put content, like text or images. This is the
difference between this element and buttons created with the input element.
 Always specify the type attribute for the button. The default type for Internet
Explorer is "button", while in other browsers (and in the W3C specification) it is
"submit".
Valid syntax:
<button type="button">Click Me!</button>
Optional Attributes
disabled
label
name
value
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
Mouse event
HTML <label> Tag
 The <label> tag defines a label for an input element.

 The label element does not render as anything special for the user. However, it
provides a usability improvement for mouse users, because if the user clicks on
the text within the label element, it toggles the control.
 The for attribute of the <label> tag should be equal to the id attribute of the
related element to bind them together.
Valid syntax:
<form>
<label for="male">Male</label>
<input type="radio" name="sex" id="male" />
<br />
<label for="female">Female</label>
<input type="radio" name="sex" id="female" />
</form>
Optional Attributes
for
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <fieldset> Tag
 The <fieldset> tag is used to logically group together elements in a form.

 The <fieldset> tag draws a box around the related form elements.
 The <legend> tag defines a caption for the fieldset element.
Valid syntax:
<form>
<fieldset>
<legend>Personalia:</legend>
Name: <input type="text" size="30" /><br />
Email: <input type="text" size="30" /><br />
Date of birth: <input type="text" size="10" />
</fieldset>
</form>
Standard Attributes
Event Attributes
 Keyboard event
 Mouse event
HTML <frame> Tag
 The <frame> tag defines one particular window (frame) within a frameset.
 Each frame in a frameset can have different attributes, such as border, scrolling,
the ability to resize, etc.
Valid syntax:
<html>
<frameset cols="25%,50%,25%">
<frame src="frame_a.htm" />
<frame src="frame_b.htm" />
<frame src="frame_c.htm" />
</frameset>
</html>
Optional Attributes

0 Specifies whether or not to display a border around a
frameborder F
1 frame
Specifies a page that contains a long description of
longdesc URL F
the content of a frame
marginheight pixels Specifies the top and bottom margins of a frame F
marginwidth pixels Specifies the left and right margins of a frame F
name name Specifies the name of a frame F
noresize noresize Specifies that a frame cannot be resized F
scrolling yes Specifies whether or not to display scrollbars in a F
no
frame
auto
Specifies the URL of the document to show in a
src URL F
frame
Standard Attributes
The <frame> tag supports the following standard attributes:

class classname Specifies a classname for an element F
id id Specifies a unique id for an element F
style style_definition Specifies an inline style for an element F
title text Specifies extra information about an element F
Event Attributes
 According to the W3C, the <frame> tag does not support any event attributes.
 However, the onload event is supported in all browsers.
HTML <frameset> Tag

 The <frameset> tag defines a frameset.

 The frameset element holds two or more frame elements. Each frame element
holds a separate document.
 The frameset element states only how many columns or rows there will be in the
frameset.
 Note: If you want to validate a page containing frames, be sure the doctype is set
to "Frameset DTD". Read more about doctypes.
 Important: You cannot use the body element together with the frameset element.
However, if you add a <noframes> tag containing some text for browsers that do
not support frames, you will have to enclose the text in a body element.
Valid syntax:
<html>
<frameset cols="25%,*,25%">
<frame src="frame_a.htm" />
<frame src="frame_b.htm" />
<frame src="frame_c.htm" />
</frameset>
</html>
Optional Attributes
pixels
cols % Specifies the number and size of columns in a frameset F
*
pixels
rows % Specifies the number and size of rows in a frameset F
*
Event Attributes
 According to the W3C, the <frame> tag does not support any event attributes.
 However, the onload event is supported in all browsers.

HTML Specification: HTML Attributes:: What Are The W3C and Web Standards?

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What are the W3C and web standards?

Attribute Value Description

Attribute Value Description

Standard Event Attributes

<body> and <frameset> Events

The two attributes below can only be used in <body> or <frameset>:

Attribute Value Description

The attributes below can be used in form elements:

Attribute Value Description

The attribute below can be used with the img element:

Attribute Value Description

Attribute Value Description

Attribute Value Description

HTML <!DOCTYPE> Declaration

Syntax: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

 Transitional: It contains all HTML elements and attributes, INCLUDING

HTML Tag: html:

Valid Syntax: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">

Standard Attributes: Doctype of html. xmlns is used to define the XML

HTML Tag: head:

HTML Tag: body:

HTML Tag: div:

Core Attributes: All

HTML <span> Tag

 The <span> tag provides no visual change by itself.

 Used to make any field in form as mandatory.

<span class="blue">light blue</span>

Standard Attributes: All

HTML <link> Tag

Definition and Usage

 Used inside the head tag.

Optional Attributes : All

Core Attribute: All

HTML <meta> Tag

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />

Required Attributes: All

Optional Attributes All

Note: Metadata is always passed as name/value pairs.

Standard Attributes: All

The <meta> tag does not support any event attributes.

HTML Tag: style

Definition and Usage

 Used to define CSS at a page-level (as opposed to an external CSS file).

 The style element always goes inside the head section.

 To link to an external style sheet, use the <link> tag.

type: text/css Specifies the MIME type of the style sheet

Optional Attributes: media

Standard Attributes: all

HTML Tag: h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>

Optional Attributes: align

Standard Attributes: All

Event Attributes: mouse and keyboard

HTML Tag: strong

Standard Attributes: All

Event Attributes: mouse and keyboard

HTML <a> Tag

Definition and Usage

1. To create a link to another document, by using the href attribute

The a element is usually referred to as a link or a hyperlink.

By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers: