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Chapter 03 - Cyclone Calculator
Chapter 03 - Cyclone Calculator
by Esco Engineering
179 Lansdowne Avenue,
Kingsville, Ontario N9Y 3J2 Canada Revisions
ph 519 733 3122 ### Corrected error in cell D14 on efficiency sheets
fax 519 733 6094 18-Jan-99 Added diagram
Contact: Neil Stone, Chief Engineer 3-Apr-99 Corrected cell O7, Efficiency 1 - thanks to Laercio Frare for pointing out this error
e-mail jnstone@mnsi.net 2-Dec-99 Added metric option, NV sketch
Website www.mnsi.net/~pas/esco.htm ### Corrected error in density calc (size!E9, Efficiency 1! and 2!E19)
NOTE: This spreadsheet is for the use of knowledgeable professionals, capable of evaluating the accuracy
of the results. The author is not responsible for the use to which these results are put.
1 The 'Cyclone size' sheet calculates dimensions for various standard cyclones.
Enter the flow rate, design inlet velocity and gas density in the colored squares
and the sheet will give dimensions for five standard cyclones - two high efficiency, and
three low efficiency. The table also gives the predicted pressure drop, but be aware that this is a
very uncertain calculation (see original references). See 'Diagram' sheet for nomenclature.
On the 'Cyclone size' sheet you specify the units you want to use - metric or US Customary (Imperial)
THIS UNITS SELECTION APPLIES TO ALL SHEETS
2 Two methods are provided for calculating cyclone efficiency. You can calculate both, and
compare the results on the chart. Both sheets are set up with the same layout, so data can be copied
between sheets easily.
3 The efficiency calculation requires particle size data, cyclone dimensions, and physical property
data for the gas and the solids. The calculation assumes that the size distribution of the particles
is log normally distributed. The sheet is set up so that you can enter either the mean and standard
deviation of the log normal distribution, or the particle size data, from which these data are then calculated.
5 The chart sheet graphs the penetration (col P = 1 - fractional efficiency) against particle size for the two efficiency
calculation methods. CAUTION: The two efficiency sheets are not linked, so make sure they are both calculating
from the same data if you want to compare the two efficiency calculations!
01/16/2019 406544933.xls
DEFINITION OF CYCLONE DIMENSIONS
b De
a S
h
NV = Neutral vane
Extension of inner
side if inlet to centerline
of cyclone
B ELEVATION PLAN
01/16/2019 406544933.xls
Cyclone size
SPECIFY UNITS (U = US CUSTOMARY[IMPERIAL], M = METRIC) U This setting applies to the whole spr
Input Working
Flow rate Q cfm 2000 2000 cfm
Design inlet vel vi fps 50 50 fps
Gas density rg pcf 0.0740 0.074 pcf
Inlet area 0.67 sf
PD parameter 0.56 in water
Cyclone data from "New design approach boosts cyclone efficiency", W.H.Koch and W.Licht, Chem Eng Nov 7 1977, 80
Pressure drop vel head correlation from "A better way to calculate cyclone pressure drop" J.Casal and J.M. Martinez-Benet, C
Page 3
Cyclone size
r efficiency (alternates)
ts of results of sheets 2/3
Page 4
Efficiency 1
Gas data
Flow rate Q acfm 2000 2000.00 33.33333 cfs
Density rg pcf 0.0740 0.0740 0.076 air @ 1 atm, spec'd temp
Viscosity u cP 0.010 0.010 6.72E-06 lb/f-s
Temperature T °F 60 60
Salt. temp fact fT 1.00 1
Salt dens. fact fp 1.00 1
References
Efficiency from "New design approach boosts cyclone efficiency",
W.H.Koch and W.Licht, Chem Eng Nov 7 1977, 80
Pressure drop vel head correlation from "A better way to calculate cyclone pressure
drop" J.Casal and J.M. Martinez-Benet, Chem Eng, Jan 24, 1983, 99
Page 5
Efficiency 1
0.001308
Page 6
Efficiency 1
Calculated data
Log SD 1.133907
Inlet velocity fps 50
Ratio inlet/salt vel 2.155166
Corrected L ft 6.397135
Core dia ft 1.628202
Eff vol cf 26.49728
Inlet vol cf 2.534862
Cycl const Kc 0.916939
G 733.5509
Vortex exp n+1 1.648398
84.2 %
Efficiency calcs
Dia, um
m, spec'd temp Min Max Inlet mass
fraction
0 0.4 0.0020
0.4 0.6 0.0028
0.6 1.2 0.0168
1.2 1.8 0.0260
1.8 2.4 0.0309
2.4 3 0.0330
3 3.6 0.0336
on - adjust input ranges (cols Q,T) to suit data 3.6 4.2 0.0333
4.2 4.8 0.0324
4.8 7 0.1080
7 10 0.1197
10 13 0.0926
13 16 0.0724
16 22 0.1052
22 28 0.0698
28 34 0.0486
34 40 0.0351
40 49 0.0372
49 64 0.0384
64 79 0.0220
79 94 0.0136
0.9736
Overall efficiency
Page 7
Efficiency 1
Distribution data
Size, um Cum %
Min Max
0 2 6
2 3 11
3 5 22
5 10 44
10 20 67
20 30 80
30 40 85
40 50 90
50 100 97
Page 8
Efficiency 1
Int calcs
Distribution Relax time Penetration
Penetration Outlet amt Outlet mass fl fh tl th pl
fraction
0.8752 0.0017 0.0111 0 0.009991 0 7.11E-07 1
0.7215 0.0020 0.0129 0.009991 0.018218 7.11E-07 1.6E-06 0.750367
0.6321 0.0106 0.0672 0.018218 0.037832 1.6E-06 6.4E-06 0.692614
0.5304 0.0138 0.0871 0.037832 0.048784 6.4E-06 1.44E-05 0.571628
0.4579 0.0141 0.0893 0.048784 0.054068 1.44E-05 2.56E-05 0.48908
0.4020 0.0133 0.0839 0.054068 0.056018 2.56E-05 4E-05 0.426729
0.3568 0.0120 0.0758 0.056018 0.05603 4E-05 5.76E-05 0.377171
0.3195 0.0106 0.0672 0.05603 0.054921 5.76E-05 7.84E-05 0.336522
0.2879 0.0093 0.0590 0.054921 0.053178 7.84E-05 0.000102 0.302446
0.2346 0.0254 0.1602 0.053178 0.04504 0.000102 0.000218 0.273417
0.1640 0.0196 0.1241 0.04504 0.034769 0.000218 0.000444 0.195875
0.1126 0.0104 0.0659 0.034769 0.026983 0.000444 0.000751 0.132112
0.0805 0.0058 0.0368 0.026983 0.021255 0.000751 0.001137 0.09317
0.0530 0.0056 0.0352 0.021255 0.013811 0.001137 0.00215 0.06775
0.0305 0.0021 0.0135 0.013811 0.009455 0.00215 0.003483 0.038174
0.0185 0.0009 0.0057 0.009455 0.006743 0.003483 0.005136 0.022821
0.0117 0.0004 0.0026 0.006743 0.004969 0.005136 0.007108 0.014227
0.0071 0.0003 0.0017 0.004969 0.003297 0.007108 0.010667 0.009157
0.0034 0.0001 0.0008 0.003297 0.00183 0.010667 0.018197 0.004951
0.0014 0.0000 0.0002 0.00183 0.001106 0.018197 0.027727 0.001947
0.0006 0.0000 0.0001 0.001106 0.000711 0.027727 0.039256 0.000832
0.1582 1.0000
Overall efficiency 84.2 %
Page 9
Efficiency 1
Coefficients
Standard Error
Intercept 2.477006 0.007748
X Variable 1.133907 0.006796
Page 10
Efficiency 1
Penetration
ph
0.750367
0.692614
0.571628
0.48908
0.426729
0.377171
0.336522
0.302446
0.273417
0.195875
0.132112
0.09317
0.06775
0.038174
0.022821
0.014227
0.009157
0.004951
0.001947
0.000832
0.000378
Page 11
Efficiency 1
MS F Significance F
14.59118 27837.76 7.33E-14
0.000524
Page 12
Efficiency 2
Gas data
Flow rate Q acfm 2000 2000.00 33.33333 cfs
Density rg pcf 0.0740 0.0740 0.076 air @ 1 atm, spec'd temp
Viscosity u cP 0.010 0.010 6.72E-06 lb/f-s
Temperature T °F 60 60
Salt. temp fact fT 1.00 1
Salt dens. fact fp 1.00 1
References
Efficiency from "A new collection theory of cyclone separators",
L.Enliang & W Yingmin, AIChEJ Vol 35, #4 April 1989, 666
Pressure drop vel head correlation from "A better way to calculate cyclone pressure
drop" J.Casal and J.M. Martinez-Benet, Chem Eng, Jan 24, 1983, 99
Page 13
Efficiency 2
0.001308
Page 14
Efficiency 2
Calculated data
Log SD 1.133907
Inlet velocity fps 30
Ratio inlet/salt vel 0.969756
Vortex exp 1-n 0.205812
theta 37.41762
rw 1.666667
rn 0.833333
uw 46.44141
Dr 0.100623
91.4 %
Efficiency calcs
Dia, um
m, spec'd temp Min Max Inlet mass Penetration Outlet amt
fraction
0 0.4 0.0020 0.9998 0.0020
0.4 0.6 0.0028 0.9987 0.0028
0.6 1.2 0.0168 0.9814 0.0165
1.2 1.8 0.0260 0.9000 0.0234
1.8 2.4 0.0309 0.7003 0.0216
2.4 3 0.0330 0.4072 0.0134
3 3.6 0.0336 0.1523 0.0051
on - adjust input ranges (cols Q,T) to suit data 3.6 4.2 0.0333 0.0303 0.0010
4.2 4.8 0.0324 0.0024 0.0001
4.8 7 0.1080 0.0001 0.0000
7 10 0.1197 0.0000 0.0000
10 13 0.0926 0.0000 0.0000
13 16 0.0724 0.0000 0.0000
16 22 0.1052 0.0000 0.0000
22 28 0.0698 0.0000 0.0000
28 34 0.0486 0.0000 0.0000
34 40 0.0351 0.0000 0.0000
40 49 0.0372 0.0000 0.0000
49 64 0.0384 0.0000 0.0000
64 79 0.0220 0.0000 0.0000
79 94 0.0136 0.0000 0.0000
0.9736 0.0860
Overall efficiency 91.4
Page 15
Efficiency 2
Distribution data
Size, um Cum % % in ln dia max
Min Max range
0 2 6 6 0.693147
2 3 11 5 1.098612
3 5 22 11 1.609438
5 10 44 22 2.302585
10 20 67 23 2.995732
20 30 80 13 3.401197
30 40 85 5 3.688879
40 50 90 5 3.912023
50 100 97 7 4.60517
Page 16
Efficiency 2
Int calcs
Distribution Penetration
Outlet mass fl fh kh wh lh pl ph
fraction
0.0232 0 0.009991 0.000309 0.00574 1.17E-05 1 0.99956
0.0328 0.009991 0.018218 0.000695 0.012914 5.95E-05 0.99956 0.997777
0.1919 0.018218 0.037832 0.002781 0.051658 0.000952 0.997777 0.965015
0.2720 0.037832 0.048784 0.006258 0.11623 0.004818 0.965015 0.835033
0.2513 0.048784 0.054068 0.011126 0.206631 0.015228 0.835033 0.565647
0.1564 0.054068 0.056018 0.017384 0.32286 0.037177 0.565647 0.248807
0.0596 0.056018 0.05603 0.025033 0.464919 0.07709 0.248807 0.055881
0.0117 0.05603 0.054921 0.034072 0.632806 0.142819 0.055881 0.004777
0.0009 0.054921 0.053178 0.044503 0.826522 0.243644 0.004777 0.00011
0.0001 0.053178 0.04504 0.094646 1.757795 1.102002 0.00011 1.24E-18
0.0000 0.04504 0.034769 0.193155 3.587337 4.589762 1.24E-18 2.6E-75
0.0000 0.034769 0.026983 0.326431 6.062599 13.10882 2.6E-75 9.5E-214
0.0000 0.026983 0.021255 0.494476 9.183582 30.07946 9.5E-214 0
0.0000 0.021255 0.013811 0.934868 17.36271 107.5179 0 0
0.0000 0.013811 0.009455 1.514332 28.12472 282.1125 0 0
0.0000 0.009455 0.006743 2.232867 41.46961 613.3464 0 0
0.0000 0.006743 0.004969 3.090474 57.39739 1174.979 0 0
0.0000 0.004969 0.003297 4.637643 86.13196 2645.906 0 0
0.0000 0.003297 0.00183 7.911613 146.9373 7700.343 0 0
0.0000 0.00183 0.001106 12.05478 223.8857 17877.16 0 0
0.0000 0.001106 0.000711 17.06714 316.9771 35834.52 0 0
1.0000
%
Page 17
Efficiency 2
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Coefficients
Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95%
Intercept 2.477006 0.007748 319.6806 7.74E-16 2.458684
X Variable 1.133907 0.006796 166.8465 7.33E-14 1.117837
Page 18
Efficiency 2
Significance F
Upper 95%
Lower 95.000%
Upper 95.000%
2.495328 2.458684 2.495328
1.149978 1.117837 1.149978
Page 19
charts
EFFICIENCY
1.2000
1.0000
Penetration
0.8000
0.6000
0.4000
0.2000
0.0000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Particle dia um
Page 20
charts
25 30
Page 21