The 3 important concepts of growth and development are pattern, variability and timing.

Explain their clinical relevance. (15)

Define the synchondroses. (2)

Describe the various types of synchondroses. (8)
Describe Enlow’s V principle. (5)

Describe the prenatal growth of maxilla. (5)

Describe the development of palate with proper illustrations. (10)

Angle’s Classification of Maloclussion

Class II Div II features
Treatment for Class II

Mandible growth
List growth theory
Describe Moss’ functional

Principle treatment plan for adults

Adult ortho vs child ortho
Surgery procedure/sequence of orthognathic surgery

Treatment options of skeletal Class 2, Angle’s Class 2 Malocclusion division 1.

Biological basis of tooth movement

Why tooth movement in child is faster

List the method of gaining space

Patient complains of spacing on upper anteriors (8 year old). Used pacifier until 6 years old.
(suspect open bite with Class II? – not sure)
What is the provisional diagnosis?
Etiology
What other functional problems other than aesthetics.
Management of existing condition
What other management options?

Define growth. What are the differences between intramembranous and endochondral
growth? (3+4)
Describe in detail about the theories of growth. (8)

Write down the angle’s classification of malocclusion. (3)

Scammon’s growth curve. (4)
Describe in detail about the growth and development of maxilla. (8)

Describe with the aid of diagram of the stages involved in the growth and development of the
cranial base.
Using a table, compare and contrast between intramembranous ossification and
endochrondral ossification.
List the theories of orthodontic tooth movement.
List out the clinical features of a typical class 3 malocclusion. (4)
Define and classify anchorage. Briefly describe the different types of anchorage used in
orthodontics.

Define growth. (2)

Describe growth spurts. Mention the timings of growth spurts and its importance in
orthodontics. (1+4+2)
Explain endochondral bone formation. (6)

Discuss Andrew’s 6 keys of occlusion with diagram. (6+3)

Classify etiology of malocclusion. (6)