438 ENGINEERING. [Oct. 29, 191 5.

THE CANADIAN RAILWAY-TRAIN FERRY-STEAMER "SCOTIA II."

CONSTRUCTED BY SIR W. G. ARMSTRONG, WHITWORTH AND CO., LIMITED, WALKER-ON-TYNE.
(For Description,seeoppositePage.)

Fig. 1. View of Main Deck looking Forward during Construction.

with divided instruments,as the sextantand theo regard the reading of both verniers of a circle as
LITERATURE. dolite, introducing traverse surveying and plane a work of supererogation. In ordinary work we
triangulation; and levelling, including the locating are told that only one vernier is used,and we are
Surveyingand Field Work: A Practical Text-Bookon of contour-lines. A fewchaptersaredevotedto the afraid this is true, but it would have beenas well
Surveying, Levelling,andSetting-Out,
intendedfor the
Use of Students»n TechnicalSchools. By Jamks calculation of areas and of earthwork quantities to havegiven a hint that the centre round which
Williamson, A.M. Inst. C.E. London: Constablerequiredfor excavationandembankmentwork, &c. the vernier revolves may not coincide with that
andCo.,Limited. [Prioe7s.6d.net.] Whatever the character of the measurement,the of the divided circle. It is true that in another
This is an eminentlypractical book, and elemen effectof error is everywhereconsideredin greateror place it is mentioned that when great precision
tary in the sense that it beginsat the beginning. less detail, for, the author rightly observes,it is is required the reading of two verniers may be
The details into which the author has thought it only from the close study of the magnitudeof necessary,and even three verniers are considered
necessaryto enter by their minuteness suggest errors and their effectsthat the surveyoris able to as a possibleadjunct, but the useof three verniers
that he intendedhis book to displaceoral instruc arrange the work to the best advantage,paying is not evenexplained. We admit that everything
tion, but experiencegenerally condemnssuch a due regard to accuracyand economy. the author says is true, is well and clearly ex
course. The practisedteachercan gavethe student He might have added, too, that it is only by pressed,and that he has followedthe lead of many
not only valuabletime, but prevent him pursuing questioning the instrument that we learn how a worthy predecessors. But we also submit that
wronglines that have to be remediedlater. The moreaccurateor more trustworthy result might be each successivetreatise should aim at a higher
writer may think he has foreseen and guarded obtained. There is too great a tendencyto trust standard than the last. We are pleading for
againstthe waywardnessof the pupil, but the per to the instrumentalrecord as absolutely exact— to increased accuracy and the adoption of more
verse ingenuity of the tyro will find opportunity acceptthe instrument as an infallible authority. scientific methods. Instrumental construction is
for straying from the right path, howeverclearly But errors therealways will be, and these can be improving, and to get the full benefitof the care
indicated. Many practicalhints, some almost too removedto a great extent either theoretically or and ingenuity shown by the makers, greater
trifling to be insistedupon, are spread out for the practically. Geometrically it is possible, from a nicety of handling is required and a more refined
guidanceof the beginner,but we fear the minute knowledge of the theory of the instrument, to discussionof the crude records. Some teachers,
detail increases the length of the book without computetheerrorsintroducedby imperfectmechan and, indeed, many practical operators in the
making the true path easier to follow, while the ism, and to apply the necessarycorrection— as, for field, seem to think that the object of all im
surveyor,the engineer,and the architect,for whom example,in the inequalities of the pivots of a provementin construction is to makeall observa
the work is intended as a book of reference,may theodolite: but we doubt if any arithmeticalcorrec tion more mechanicaland easy. This is not our
be irritated by the enunciation of simple truths tions are ever contemplated. Mechanically,errors view. For the bestresults, an intelligent useof the
they have long practised. It might safely be maybe eliminated where the instrument is made instrumentis as necessaryasexcellenceof construc
assumedthat anyonewho is preparedto tackle the adjustable in its parts and can be used under tion. The highest class of observation can be
problemof triangulation is competentto solve a different conditions. Mechanical correctionsare obtained only when every advantageis taken of
plane triangle. more usually insisted upon. The author wisely the power of mechanicaladjustment, and every
Roughly, the book may be divided into three advises the reversion of the theodolite for the ingenuityemployedto eliminateerror. We submit
sections: chain surveying, to which the author removal of collimation error, and this, indeed, is that a teachershouldratherinsist on sucha method
devotes eight chapters; angular measurementan advancein practice. He seems,however, to of observationthat the instrumentalerrors may be

I
ENGINEERING, OCTOBER 29, 1915. PLATE XXIV.

THE CANADIAN RAILWAY FERRY AND ICE-BREAKING STEAMER "SCOTIA II."

G.
CONSTRUCTED BY SIR. W. ARMSTRONG, WHITWORTH AND CO., LIMITED, AT THEIR SHIPBUILDING WORKS, WALKER-ON-TYNE.

(For Description,see Page439.)

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 Oct. 29, 19x5.] ENGINEERING. 439

THE CANADIAN RAILWAY - TRAIN FERRY - STEAMER "SCOTIA II."

CONSTRUCTED BY SIR W. G. ARMSTRONG, WHITWORTH AND CO., LIMITED, WALKER-ON-TYNE.

Fro. 11. Stern View.

eliminated as far as possible, than to arrange a of the work requiredin the excavationof a pond CANADIAN RAILWAY FERRY-STEAMER
simpler plan that entirely ignorestheseerrors. (page 336). The solution leadsto a quadratic,but "SCOTIA II."
Chain surveying is an operationthat has often only oneroot is discussed. The studentwould like We reproduceon Plate XXIV., this week, seo-
been described,and about which it is difficult to to know what is the meaningof the other root, tional drawingsand plans,andon this andtheoppo
sayanything new. The author's explanationsare and why 14.8ft. is not as good an answeras 5.2 ft. site pageBand on page 446 photographioviews of
very distinct, and cover the usual ground. They The chapterson levelling are, perhaps,the best the railway ferry-steamerScotia II., built to the
leave very little to the intelligence of the pupil, of the book. The various forms of levels in use order of the Minister of Railways and Canals of
whosemathematicalknowledge is supposedto be are well explained, and the description of the the Dominionof Canada, in connectionwith the
very small. We should have preferred to seethe methodsof use leaves little to be desired. The Intercolonial Railway System. This vesselis in
effect of an error of measurementin the side or treatment of longitudinal and cross-sectionsand tendedfor serviceacrossthe Strait of Canso, be
angle of a triangle treated more generally, for the locatingof contour lines is eminentlypractical. tweenthe mainlandof NovaScotiaandCapeBreton.
As in the winter there is considerable ice-flow,the
somewould havebenefited. Someof the " special The examples are selected with judgment. The vesselhas been constructedto break up this ice,
problems" handled at some length will seem author has taken his pupil a little beyondthe ele in order to keep the passageopen for the railway
ridiculouslysimple to those who have read a little mentarystage,and the lengthy explanationswhich service. The vessel,which has severalinteresting
trigonometry; but a straining after extremesim madethe earlier sectionssomewhattediousare not features,was built at the Walker Shipyard of Sir
plicity is a feature of the book. One form of so frequent. It is hinted in the prefacethat it is W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth and Co., Limited,
simplicity, however,doesnot appealto the author, proposed in a subsequentvolume to pursue the Newcastle -on-Tyne,who have made a specialityof
and we would ask him to considerwhetherin some subjectfurther ; in that casewe haveno doubt the this type of steamer,and have consequentlygreat
exampleshe could not dispensewith a few decimal interestand the usefulnessof the treatisewill both experience of thespeoialstructuralrequirements.The
places. When distancesare measuredto a foot, be increased. vesselleft theTyne on August31 last, underthecom
it doesnot seem worth while to apply corrections mand of Captain Manning, and, in spite of heavy
accurateto the thousandth part of a foot. But weatheron the voyage,arrived at Port Mulgraveon
BOOKS RECEIVED. September 15,provingthestructuralstrengthof the
instancesof this viciouspracticeare not so glaring The Motor Manual. Compiledand Illustratedby the
hull and the fact that vesselsof this characteroan
as in manytechnicalworks. Similarly, in thecom Staff of TheMotor. EighteenthEdition. London: safelycrossthe Atlantic.
putation of rectangular co-ordinates (page 170), TemplePress,Rosebery -avenue,E.C. [Price Is. 6d. The principaldimensions of thevesselare:—
five-figure logarithms are introduced somewhat net.]
unnecessarily. A Crelle multiplication table, or Arithmetic of Alternating Current/,containing50Worked ft. in.
Examples and 182Exercises.By Ellis H. Crappkr, Lengthoverall 300 0
possibly a sliding scale,would have been readier B.Eng.. M.I.E.E. London: Whittaker and Co. „ between perpendioulars ... 286 6
and shorter. As a rule, the employmentof loga [Prioe28.6d.net.] Breadth, e xtreme,overfenders ... 50 0
rithms, as a labour-savingdevice in small multi Fifty-FirstAnnualReportonAlkali, <£&, Works. By the Depth,moulded 20 0
plication, is to be deprecated. Chief Inspector. London : Eyre andSpottiswoode, Draught of water 14 2
Traverse surveyingand the useof the theodolite Limited. [Price8d.] Displacement at 11-ft.2-in.draught... 3665tons
RugbyEngineerina Society.Proceeding!, Session1 913-14. As is shownon the crosssectionson Plate XXIV.,
deal with the ordinary problemsthat comebefore Vol. XI. Rugby: Publishedby the Society.
the surveyor. The subjectof planetabling,geodetic 10s.6d.] [Price (Figs. 8 and 9), the vessel is of the single-deck
surveying, and astronomical work do not come RussiaandDemocracy : The GermanCankerin Ruuia. type ; as all thescantlingsaregiven,it is only neces
within the scopeof the book. The same may be Bv G. de Wessklitsky. London: W. Heinemann.sary to direot attention to the inoreasedstrength
said of the employment of photogrammetric [Price Is. net] introducedin theframingof thedeckin orderto sup
Industrialand ManufacturingChem istrv. Vol. I. : In- port the weight of heavylocomotiveson the centre
methods of topographic surveying, and the use organic. By Geoffrey Martin. SecondEdition, track. Fig. 7 showsona larger scalethe connection
of photographyas an aid to practical surveying. revisedandenlarged.London: CrosbyLockwoodand at the upper deck, stringer angle,deok beam,and
Theselimitationsrather narrow the view, and the Son. [Price21s.net.] garboardstroke. The vesselconformsto the condi
student has to restrict his ambitions to the con Shipform. Resistance and ScrewPropulsion. By G. S. tions of Lloyd's highestclassificationand also with
sideration of very commonplaceproblems. He Baker. London: Constable andCo.,Limited. [Price Board of Trade
12s.6d. net.] requirements. The three lines of
will have the satisfaction of finding the simplest The Analysisof Son-FerrousAlloys. By Fred Ibbot- traok,well shownin the photogrophio view, Fig. 13,
workedout at length and with great thoroughness. son,B.Sc, andLeslie Aitchison. M. Met. London: on page 446,are laid to standard4 ft. 8J-in. gauge,
The vernier is not difficult to understand,but its Longmans, GreenandCo. [Price7e.6d. net.] andtheoarswill be shippedand discharged over the
explanation occupies several pages. That the McGibbon'sMarine Engineers' Pocket-Book.Bv W. C. forward end only (Fig. 12). It will beseenthat the
author has preferred to give numerousdiagrams McGibbon.Glasgow: JamesMunroandCo.,Limited. four bunkerswith whioh the vesselis fitted are so
[Prioe 10s.net.[
with lengthy explanationsinstead of the general Anuario arrangedthat theyoan be loadedfrom cars on the
de Mineria,Metalurgia,Electricidady Derails
theory indicatesthe classof student for whomthe Industrias de Espaiia. Bajo )a Direction de Don railway traok on deok (Fig. 5). The longitudinal
book is intended. With this care to preventthe Adriano Contreras y Don Rohan Oriol. Tomo elevationshows,Fig 2, the ram form introducedin
order to break up the ioe in front of the forward
studentstumbling, we were surprisedto find that dncimoquinto.Alio 1915.Madrid: EnriqueTeodoro. propeller. The structural arrangementaft is for a
in the solution of plane triangles he is allowed [Price7pesetas.]
the chanceof comingto grief over the "ambiguous TheStability of Masonryand otherStructures Subjectto single-sorew propellerwith theordinaryrudder. The
the Pressureof Earth and Water. By Ernest H. hull is speciallystrengthenedat thewater-line,fore
case." Another instance in which this excessive Sprague,Assoc. M. Inst.C.E. London: Scott,Green andaft, andwater-ballasttanks are arrangedat the
watchfulnessslumbers occurs in the computation woodandSon. [Price4s.net.] forwardand after ends. Theseoanquioklybe filled
 440 ENGINEERING. [Oct. 29, 1915.

in order to increasewherenecessarythe downward theydid not carewhat theypaid so longas theygot

thrustfor thebreakingupof theice. INDUSTRIAL NOTES. the work doneand helpedthe country. At his own
To facilitate navigation,a superstructurehas been The Ministry of Munitions issuedlast week the works the output of the*melting-furnaces couldbe
built, as dearly shown in Figs. 2 and 4, on Plate followingrecommendations of the MunitionsLabour- doubledif labourcouldbegot.
XXIV., and Figs. 12 and 13, on page 446. This Supply Committeerelatingto the employmentand
gives a clear headwayfor the railway - carriages remunerationof women on munition work of a In anaccountissuedon Sundaylast by the Press
traversingthe track on the deck,andaffordsa good class which prior to the war was not recog Bureauof a visit whiohwas paid to the Front bythe
outlook for navigationpurposes. The pilot-house on nised as women'swork in districts where suoh Welshdeputation of representative munitionworkers
thenavigation-bridge (Fig. 4) containsthesteamsteer work was customarilyoarriedon. The Ministerhas thefollowingremarksoccur:—
ing-gearcontrolstandardand the steeringcompass,decidedto adopttheCommittee's recommendations as " The presentsituation at the Front was
aptly
with speaking-tubes and telegraphsfromthehouseto regards munition factoriesfor whioh the Ministry illustratedto us byoneof theoffioers,whosaidit was
theengine-room andthesteering-gear, whioh is fitted is responsible,and also to oommendthem to the just as thoughwe had trappedan armedburglar's
immediatelyforward of the rudder,as shownin the favourableconsideration of other employersengagedfingersin thedoor. We had him fast, he couldnot
plan,Fig. 6. The gearis of the oombinedhandand on munition work. These recommendations are on move,he was in our power,andyet we hadnotthe
steamtype. thebasisof thesettingup of themachinesbeingother necessary weaponsessentialin orderto overcome him.
In additiontherearewarpingsteamcapstansplaced wiseprovidedfor. Theyare striotlyconfinedto the In speakingof theindustrialdisputesin England,it
at eachendof thevesselfor workinganohors,oables, war period,andare subjeotto the observance of the was pointedout to us that the soldierswere fighting
and mooring-ropes,the positions being shown in provisionsof ScheduleII. of the Munitionsof War for their own lives and the lives of the peopleat
Figs. 5 and 6. The capstanheadsare placedon Aot. home,whilst thepeopleat homewere fightingabout
deck, with the enginesbelow the deok. There are (1) Womenof eighteenyearsof age and over em rates of wageBand money. All weregreatlyupset,
also four pairs of mooringbits with the necessary ployed on time,onwork customarily d onebymen,Bhall disturbed,anddisappointed whenindustrial disputes
pipes. Aft there is a superstructurecorrespondingbe rated at 11.per week, reokonedon the usual tookplace. It tooktheheart out of our men,as it
to that for the pilot-house,but utilised for oarrying workinghoursof the district in questionfor menin seemed to thesoldierthattheworkersscarcelyrealised
four life-boats,as shownin Figs. 2 and 3, on Plate engineering establishments.This, however,shallnot thegravityof the difficultiesanddangersa shortage
XXIV., and in the views.Fig. 11,on page439,and applyin the caseof womenemployedon work cus of suppliesentailedon our fightingforces.
Figs. 12and13,on page446. The dimensionsof the tomarily done by fully-skilled tradesmen,in whioh " It was suggestedto us that this was a war of
life-boatsaregivenontheplan,Fig. 3, just referredto. eve the womenshallbe paid the time ratesof the machineryand of the necessarymunitionsto keep
On eaoh side of the upper deok are the funnel tradesmenwhose work they undertake. Overtime that machineryin constantoperation,in order to
casingsandalsothedeck-houses, providingtheneoes- and night-shift and Sundayand holiday allowancesobtain the greatestmeasureof effectiveness.That
sary sanitary accommodation, &c, for the offioers, payableto men shall also be madeto women. (2) an incredibly enormousnumberof shells could be
orew,and passengers.The natureof the accommo Wherewomenare preventedfrom working, owingto used; that if thoseshells weresentthe effectwould
dation is dearly shownon the deok-plan,Fig. 5, on breakdown,air raid, or other oausebeyondtheir con undoubtedlyquioklyshow itself ; that the munition
Plate XXIV. The mess-roomand living accommo trol, theyshall bepaid for thetimesolostat the rate workersholdthe key to thesituation,and themenat
dation for the officersand engineersis under the of 15s.a week, asabove,unlesstheyare sent home. theFront askedubto turn that key. It wasinsisted
deok aft, and for the orew below the deckforward, (3) Womenshallnotbeput on pieoe-work or premium- on how importanta factortimewasin thedeliveryof
as shownin the plan, Fig. 6. The formeraccommo bonussystemsuntil sufficientlyqualified. The period supplies. Every day's delay disheartenedand dis
dation oonsists01 one large mess-room,four rooms of qualificationon shell work shall not, in general couragedthe men. They were anxiousto geta big
for the officersand engineers,one for the steward, case,exceedthree to four weeks. (4) Wherewomen effectivemoveon. They wantedplentyof shells,an
two separateroomsfor the day and night captains, are employedon piece-worktheyshall be paid the unceasing, unending,everlastingsupplyfor daily use,
and twofor thechief engineers. The crew'squarters samepiece-workprioes as are customarilypaid to to blast the enemyout of his burrows, and they
inoludea mess-room, one room for six seamen,and men for the job. (5) Wherewomenare engagedon wantedan enormousreservesupplyto be readyto
onefor eightfiremen. premium-bonus systems,the time allowedfor a job meetany emergency. They wantedthis bigsupply
A completeinstallation of eleotriolight is fitted shall be that oustomarilyallowed to men for the now—to-day; it would be of no use if it cametoo
throughoutthe vessel. The generatingmachinerysamejob, and the earningsof the womenshall be late. That wouldmeandisasterfor us all. ..."
oonsistsof twodirect-coupledplants,eaohcapableof calculatedon the basis of the man'stime rate. (6)
giving an outputof 25kw. at 80 voltswhen running Wherethejob in questionhasnot hitherto beendone A CentralFinanceFund hasbeeninaugurated under
at a speedof 350revolutionsper minute. A search onpiece-workor premium-bonus systemin theestab the triple-allianceschemeof the miners, transport
light, of 20 in. diameterand 16,000candle-power,is lishment,the pieoe-workprioe or the time allowed workers,and railwaymen. Mr. J. H. Thomas,M.P.,
fitted on top of the pilot-house(Fig. 8), with the shall be basedon a similar job previouslydone by hasbeenappointedtreasurer.
necessarycontrollinggear and connectionstherein. men on piece-workor premium-bonussystem, as
There are eight eleotriofans fitted in thestokehold the casemay be. (7) Where in theestablishment in The EmergencyCommitteeof the Federationof
and engine- room ventilators. An air - compressingquestiontherearenodatafrompreviousoperationsto Master Cotton-Spinners'Associationsheld a special
plant, consistingof twoWestinghouse air-pumps,with enablethe parties to arriveat a pieoe-workpriceor meetingon Tuesdaylast to considerthe questionof
receivers,is placedin theengine-room.Connectionstimeto beallowed,theprioeor thetimeto beallowed the shortageof labour in the spinning section. It
areled to eaohendof the vesselfor providingpower shallbe soadjustedthat thewomanshall receivethe was reported previousto the meetingthat a sug
for pneumatiotools usedfor effectingrepairsto the same percentageover the time rate of the class gestionhad been made to organisethe available
hull or maohinery. of man oustomarilyemployedon the job as such labour on a betterscale by stopping certain mills
The machinerywas manufacturedby theWallsend manwouldhavereoeivedhad he undertakenthejob andrunningothersat full strengthratherthanhave
Slipway and EngineeringCompany,Limited, Wall- on piece- work or premium- bonus system, as the an ■
irregularprcduotionin all factories. The restric-
send-on-Tyne. It is fittedamidships,asshownonthe case may be. (8) On systems of payment by ion of output as a result of the labour shortage
plan, Fig. 6, on Plate XXIV., the arrangementof results equal payment shall be made to women amounts,it wasstated,to nearly15per cent., andthe
boiler uptakes and funnels being as seen in the as to the men for an equalamount of work done. tendencyis for thingsto getworseowing to the fur
section,Fig. 8. We shall give furtherdrawingsand (9) Pieoe-workprioesand premium-bonus basistimes ther heavyenlistmentsin the Army. Many leading
a descriptionof themaohineryin our nextartiole. shall be fixed by mutual agreementbetweenthe membersof thefederationdo not believethat a work
(2*obecontinued.) employerandthewomanor womenwho performthe ableBoheme suohastheoneproposed canbeformulated.
work. (10)On pieoe-workeverywomen'stime rate The ohiefdifficulty would be to decide whioh mills
as perClause1 hereofshall be guaranteedirrespec had to stop ; there would also be the questionof
Coal Expohts.— Our coal exportsin Septembertive of her pieoe-work earnings. Debit balancescompensation. Probably another attempt will be
werejust a little largerthanthoseof September, 1914shall not be oarriedforwardbeyondtheusualweek madeto gettheOperativeSpinners'Amalgamation to
ly
(whiohwas the first completemonthof thegreatwar), periodof settlement. systems allow femalelabour in thespinning-roomsin Oldham
the shipmentsamounting to 3,892.033tons,as compared (11) On premium-bonus
with3,859.188 tonslastyear,and 6,197,180 tonsin Sept everywoman'stimerateas perClause1 hereofshall and distriot. Such a systemis already in forcein
ember,1913.Thesetotalswereincreased by theaddition in all casesbe paid. (12) Overtimeand night-shift BoltonandManchester.
of cokeandpatentfuelto 4,096,637 tons,4,096,453 tons, andSundayand holidayallowancesshall be paid to The meetingon Tuesdaywe refer to was private.
and6,501,598 tonsrespectively.Whenwe takeaccountwomenemployedon pieoe-workor premium-bonusIt is said,however,that thediscussionwasadjourned
of theexportmovement forthe ninemonthsendedSept systemon the sameconditionsasnow prevailin the with a viewto obtainingmoreinformationon theprac
ember30,thisyear,weareconfronted witha greatfalling- caseof menin thedistrict in questionfor time-work. ticability of the proposalto solve the diffioultyby
offin business, theshipments havingattainedan aggre (13) Piece-workprioesandpremium-bonus timeallow closingandsubsidisingthe millswherethe machinery
gateof only33,414.212 tons,ascompared with48,116,349
tonsand 54,517,788 tons. Thesetotalsareextended
ances,after they have beenestablished,
to alteredunlessthe shallnotbe is only slightlyengagedandby transferringtheopera
35,095,037 tons,50,372,612 tons,and56,898,208 means or methodof manufacture tivesto the mills in whioh thereis an unduepressure
tonswhen
account is takenof cokeandpatentfuel. Theshipmentsare changed. (14)All wagesand balancesshall be of work.
of bunkerooal—that is, coal shippedfor the useof paidto womenthroughtheoffice. (15) Any question
steamers engaged in foreigntrade—amounted, to Sept whioharisesasto the interpretationof theserecom Aooordingto informationreceivedfrom the High
ember30,to 10,722,894 tons,ascompared with14.581,962 mendationsshall be determinedby the Minister of Commissioner for Australia, Mr. J. C. Watson, ex-
tonsin thefirst nine monthsof 1914, and15,545,617 tons Munitions. Prime Ministerof Australia,has offeredhis services
in thefirstninemonthsof 1913. It followsthat in one to the CommonwealthGovernment,and has been
wayor anothercoallefttheshores oftheUnitedKingdom We are informedthat the shortageof labour in askedby the FederalParliamentaryWar Committee
to September 30,this year,to the aggregate extentof Sheffieldhas becomeso markedthat the Eduoation to organisea schemefor theemploymentof returned
45,782,431 tons,as comparedwith 64,954.574 tonsand Committeeof thecity hasdeoidedto allow boysover Australiansoldiers.
72.243,865 tonsin thecorresponding periodsof 1914and thirteenyearsof age,whooan produoecertificatesof
1913respectively.The countries whiohtookthelargest Mr. Watson'sduties will be to visit the various
quantityof British coalin thefirstninemonthsof 1915havinghad350attendances in eaohof fiveyearsbetween Statesandseouretheco-operation of theStateGovern
were:—Sweden, 2,091,047 tons,ascompared with3,055,335 theagesofeightandthirteen,to leaveschoolupontheir mentsin the schemelaid downby the FederalParlia
tons; Norway,2,096,675 tons,ascompared with1,907,090 furnishingdefiniterequestsfromintendingemployers mentaryWar Committee; to securethe appointment,
tons; Denmark, 2,522.950tons, as comparedwith for occupationsapprovedby the Committee. The by the State Governments,of State councilsto give
2,267,312 tons; Holland, 1,329,239 tons, as comparedboysreleasedfrom day-sohoolswill be required by effectto theschemeandto superviseand co-ordinate
with 1,457,102 tons; France,13,224.756 tons, as com their employersto attend the Committee'sevening theirwork ; to enlist the sympathyand assistanceof
paredwith9,040,744 tons; Spain,1,551,632 tons,ascom schools. Some time ago the Committeefixed the privateoitizensin the provisionof employmentand
pared with 2,458,575 tons; Italy, 4,402,998 tons, as leavingageat l.'U years,but the difficultiesof em land settlementopportunitiesfor returned soldiers;
compared with 6,557.270 tons; Argentina.1,289,440 tons,
ployershave increased,andtheCommittee recognisedto reportto theoommitteefrom timeto time; to act
as compared with 2,362,722 tons; and Egypt, 1,080,435
tons,as compared with 2,193,988 tons. The very con thenecessityof relaxingstill furthertheir conditions. in concert with themembers of theoommitteeof each
siderableincreaseobservablein French imports of In the oourseof the discussiona Labour memberState visited,and, generally,to aot in an executive
British coal this yearis explained by the factthatmost pointedout that the proposalsanctioned a breachof capacity in oarryingout the instructionsof the War
of theFrenchcoal-mining districtshavebeenall through the FactoryAot, whilst a steel manufacturerstated Committee.
thewarin thehandsof theGermans. that manufacturers werenotlookingfor oheaplabour; Mr. Watsonexplainsthat his exactposition is not
 THE MACHINERY OF THE CANADIAN RAILWAY FERRY AND ICE-BREAKING STEAMER "SCOTIA II.
CONSTRUCTED BY THE WALL8END SLIPWAY AND ENGINEERING COMPANY, LIMITED, WALL8END-ON-TYNE.

THE CANADIAN RAILWAY FERRY Limited,at their Walker yard, to the orderof the The maohineryhad,of course,to be arrangedto suit are placedin the wings,in order to affordthemaxi
Ministerof Railwaysand Cacalsof theDominionof thelatter purpose, andtherewerethereforefittedtwo mum of deck spacefor the accommodation of the
STEAMER "SCOTIA II." in conneotion
Canada, with theInter-ColonialRailway setsof engineson thefore and aft line,the forward railwaytrains,as shownin Fig. 15. The boilersare
is

{Concluded
from page440.) system. The vessel intendedto transportrailway enginesbeingarrangedto work the bow propeller,also arranged in the wingsof the ship, enablingthe
A

We illustrateonthe presentand oppoeite

pages,and trainsacrosstheStraitsof Canso,betweenthe main and the after engines thestern propeller. suitable uptaketobe easilyand suitablyconnected to funnels
on Plate XXVIII., the propellingmachineryof this land of Nova Sootiaand Cape Breton, and, as the couplingwasfittedso that the two enginesmaywork at thesideof the ship,asshownin Fig. 16.
vessel,whioh,asRtatedin our preoedingartiole,was Straits are frozen during the winter teason,the either together(as shown in the key elevation,Fig. The generalarrangement of theboilersand engines
is

built bySir W. O. Armstrong, Whitworth and Co., vesselhasbeen designed to aot alsoasan ioe-breaker.14) or independently. The engine-room ventilators illustrated by the longitudinalsectionand plan,
ENGINEERING, NovKMBER 19, 1915.

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE MACHINERY OF THE CANAI

CONSTRUCTED BY THE waLLSEND SLIPwAY AN,

(For Descript,

deck house.S.
DECK houses

C/PP E.R. D.E.C.K.

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~~ - 1--
E w; t w=s. £ - - 'M-1--. <----

5L//wrer

Jo wear o

I sor

Fig.18.

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"re-d
*exhausraranch wris-PA/R

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Jamiers
conn *ainreford-PsATA

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ERS STORE
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5-/-ER
 PLATE XXVIII.

\N RAILWAY FERRY AND ICE-BREAKING STEAMER “SCOTIA II.”

HINEERING COMPANY, LIMITED, WALLSEND-ON-TYNE.

e Page512.)

DECA house.s

COAL Bunker

Shafr Tunnel
* Tank/ * Tank%
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THE MAIN PROPELLING ENGINES OF THE CANADIAN RAILWAY FERRY AND ICE-BREAKING STEAMER "SCOTIA II."

CONSTRUCTED BY THE WALLSEND SLIPWAY AND ENGINEERING COMPANY, LIMITED, WALL6END0N-TYKE.

I
S

6
0
1
4
12
In,*. J V&et
fcjj-^nm ifi

l/
0^, „-h— s=
CYLINDERS
21-3*- 64'Dia.
30'Stroke
leCLbsMorhtigPress.

It will be a

j
Fige. 17and 18,on Plate XXVIII. breakers,anda studyof the drawingsgivenwill show Cederval gland. Eaoh propellerhas four blndes, It will be seenthat the whole of the auxiliaries

e
is

that the: are four single-eided boilers, whioh are that specialconsiderationhas been givento provide and madeof nickel steel,extra thick,for working conneotcdwith the propellingmachinery are placed

3
9
each15ft. in. in diameter by 10ft. in. long,con againstthe shocksdue to sudden stoppages of the amorgstioe. on the port wing,the starboard wing beingreserved

a
is

tracted for workingpressure of 160lb. per sq.in. propellerswhen working againstice. The engines There onecondenser commonto thetwo engines.for the eleotrio generatingset, air-pumps,and air-
is
is

under natural draught. More than adequatetube are of the eingle-ecrewtriple-expansioninverted It of the Weir " Uniflux " type,and piecedon receivers, stores.
for ship service,andfor engineer's

is
a
Eurfaoe provided,as considerable amountof heat direct-actingsurface-condensingtype, each working the port tide centrally,beingcarriedon thecolumns The maohinery was designed to indicate3000horse

is
ing requiredfor ship'spurposes, and specialconnec on threecranks. Normally theywill be coupledup of thetwo high-pressurecylinders,asshown in Figs. power,atd on trial this was easilyattained.
;
is

tionsareled from the boilersto various partsof the to work togetherthe bow and stern propellers,but 17,19,and20 its methodof support well shownin

is
a
ship. Eachboilerhasan independent connectionwith there short portablelengthof shaftingbetween Fig. 19. This simplifiesgreatly the exhaust-pipe
the main tteam-pipe, so thao any one boiler maybe thetwo engines, as shownonthe plan,Fig. 18,bythe arrangement from eaohof the low-pressure cylinders. Sodth Australian Railways.— At the close of
putout of notion. The coal-bunkersare arranged at withdrawalof whichthe engines canbe operatedinde The air-pumpsare separate, andareof the Weir dual June, 1914,therewere403locomotives andsteammotor
the forward and after endsof the boiler-rooms, and pendently.Thecylindersin eachenginearerespeotivelytype,18in. by 10in. by 15in. Two setsof indepen cars uponthe South AustralianGovernmentrailways.
5
a

thesearefilled fromhatchesfrom,the upper,or train, 21 in., 34 in.,and54in. in diameter,with strokeof dently-driven12^-in.centrifugalpumpsare fitted Of these, 194were upon ft. 3-in. gauge, and209upon
6

;a

is

deck. 30in. The crank-shaftsareof thebuilt type,10}in. one of them sufficientfor the maximumduty, the 3-ft. -in. gauge.The numberof vehiclesin usein
was 518,besidestramcars.Of
a

The main engines,of whiohtheetd andfront eleva in diameter,eaohshaft beingin three interchangeother servingas stand-by. the coaching department
tionsare givenin Figs. 19and 20,on the presentpage, able pieces. The thrust-shaftsare of forged ingot The feed-pumps are locatedat the forwardendof these,366 carriages, besides13 tramcars, were upona
areof thestandardtypeof the WalWendSlipwayand steel,lOf in. in diameter. The thrust-blocksare of the main engineroomon the portside. Thesearecf 5-ft. 3-in. gauge,and 182 carriages and two tramcars
a

were upon 3-ft.6-in. gauge.The numberof vehicles

7

EngineeringCompany, Limited, Wallsend-on-Tyne, cast steelof t

specialdesign, o withstandshock the the Weir type, in. by in. by24in. stroke. Along
9$

the conveyance of goods,live stock,&c, as

is
whoare responsiblefor thewholeof the propelling line-shafting also forgedingot steel,10in. in dia side are placedthe fire and bilge pumps,whioh are usedfor
the cloeecf June, 1914,was 9645. Of these,4213
7
6

J
a

machineryof the ship. The firmhavehadconsider meter,and the propeller-shafts are of forgedingot 74in. by in. by in. stroke,whilein the wingsare wereupon 5-ft.3-in. gauge, and£032upon 3-ft.6-:c.
able experiencein the designof enginesfor ine- Bteel,12in. in diameter,eachshaft beingfittedwith the generalservicepumpsandotherauxiliaries. gauge.