Seminar Work on

Implementation of Health & Safety Provisions of Bangladesh Labor Act

with Compliance A Case Study of Green Factory Plummy Fashion Ltd. In
RMG Sector

Supervised By
Dr. Golam Rabbani
Professor
ISRW, University Of Dhaka

Prepared By
Emaz Uddin Bhuiyan, Roll -72
Ayesha Mahamud Zahid, Roll-55
Nobar Tripura, Roll-73

Date of Submission 15-09-18

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 Acknowledgement

We express our deep sense of gratitude and sincere appreciation to our Professor Dr.
Golam Rabbani Professor Institute of Social Welfare and Research University Dhaka
for his valuable suggestion, guidelines, and co-operation. Without his help and
guidance, it was quite impossible to come up with this study.
All of my thanks go to the garments workers, who have given me their valuable time
to explore their world. For this, we thank our Institution for giving us this nice
opportunity to see their life world. We are also grateful to the garments management
who extended their co-operation in collecting data and information associated with
the study.
In writing this Seminar work we have drawn as many books which mentioned in the
bibliography, we acknowledge my indebtedness to all those authors for their works
which have been a great use for us.
We would like to thank all of the Teachers of the Institute of Social Welfare and the
Research University of Dhaka who had been very co-operative and support me to do
this term paper.

We are also grateful to our Group Member for their handy support and of course to all
of Plummy Fashions workers and staffs.

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 Table of Contents

Sl. No. Contents Pages

01 Chapter 01: Introduction 01-11

1.1 Introduction 06

1.2 Background of the Project 06

1.3 Importance of the Study 07

1.4 Statement of the Problem 08

1.5 Objectives 08

1.6 Key Variables 09

1.7 Methodology of the Study 10

1.7.1 Sampling 10

1.7.2 Source of Data 10

1.7.3 Data Collection Tools and Techniques 11

1.7.4 Study Area 11

02 Chapter 02: Literature Review and Theoretical Orientation 12-28

2.1 Literature Review 13

2.2 Theoretical Framework 19

03 Chapter 03: About the Company 29-34

3.1 Company Profile of Plummy Fashions Ltd 30

3.2 Company Profile of Plummy Fashion Ltd 32

04 Chapter 04: Findings from the study 35-55

4.1 Health and Hygiene Provision 36

4.2 Safety and Security Provision 41

4.3 Health & Safety Special Provisions 50

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 05 Chapter 05: Summary of the Findings 56-58

5.1 Summary of Findings 57

06 Chapter 06: Recommendation 59

07 Chapter 07 Conclusion 60

08 Reference 61

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Introduction

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1.1 Introduction

Although Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural country, a large number of

large-scale industries based on both indigenous and imported raw materials have been
set up. Among them, readymade garments, cotton textile, pharmaceuticals, fertilizer,
wood product, iron and steel, ceramic, cement, plastic products, and chemical are the
important ones. The manufacturing sector contributes about 18% of the GDP. The
growth rate of the manufacturing sector is dominated by ready-made garments
(RMG). Bangladesh is the fifth largest garment exporter to the European Union and
among the top ten apparel suppliers in the US. In the past two decades, Bangladesh
has emerged as a very successful manufacturer and exporter of ready-made garments
(Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh, 2014).

The export-oriented readymade garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh started its

journey in the late 1970s as a small non-traditional sector of export. Bangladesh ‟s
thriving RMG industry has grown from USD 12,000 in exports in 1978 to USD
21.5 billion in 2012-13 and now accounts for about 78% of country‟s total export-
earning. The industry now directly employs some 3.6 million Bangladeshis, 80% of
whom are women, mostly from poor rural households. The industry has created a
platform for 2.8 million women to engage in the new productive role in the society
and empowering them. Around 20 million people are directly and indirectly
depending on this sector for their immediate livelihoods (www.bgmea.com.bd).

1.2 Background of the Project

Bangladesh, the southern Asian country has a population of approximately 164

million people. The economy of Bangladesh is significantly dependent on
agriculture. But it‟s a great news for the country that, readymade garments (RMG)
sector of Bangladesh has raised as the biggest earner of foreign currency. This sector
creates about 4.2 million employment opportunities and contributes significantly to
the GDP. Readymade garments (RMG) of Bangladesh is powered by young,
urbanizing, workers, where most of them are women.

The Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector of Bangladesh has emerged as the biggest
earner of foreign currency. The RMG sector has experienced an exponential growth
since the 1980s. The sector contributes significantly to the GDP. It also provides
employment to around 4.5 million Bangladeshis. An overwhelming number of
workers in this sector are women. This has affected the social status of many women
coming from low income families. The ready-made garment industry employed more
than 200,000 people. According to some estimates, about 80 percent were women,
which was never noticed previously in the industrial work force. Many of them were
woefully under paid and worked under harsh conditions. I will complete a survey on
the workers of garments employed in Plummy Fashions Ltd in Narayangonj. The

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main purpose of the survey is to study about the impact of labor law practices in RMG
sector of Dhaka Division. This study will show the basic practices and conditions of
health & safety system of these two garments. Poor relationship between workers and
factory management is the main source of conflict. This study will also finds that
there is growing demand for working environment to ensure the hygiene & safe work
place.

1.3 Importance of the Study:

The readymade garments industry acts as a promoter of the prosperity of Bangladesh,

has been making a crucial contribution rebuilding the country and its economy which
is now the single largest export earner for Bangladesh. Textiles and clothing account
for about 85% of total export earnings of Bangladesh. Out of which, 76% comes
from the apparel sector. From a humble beginning of 12 industries in 1978, the
garment industry currently consists of 5,600 factories of various sizes and about 4.4
million people, mostly women, worked in this sector. Around 20 million people are
directly and indirectly depending on RMG sector for their immediate livelihood.

Therefore avoiding occupational accidents and diseases should make economic sense
for the community as well as being good business practice for industries as these
significant losses have an adverse influence on economic accrual and puts a burden on
society. If there are a deficiency of effective protection at work to assure health and
safety various consequences such as absenteeism workplace accidents and
occupational illnesses can lead to permanent occupational disability. The huge
economic expenses of difficulties connected with health and safety at work that
impede economic growth and affect the competitiveness of businesses. As a result,
social security systems and public finances have to deal with a significant share of
these costs.

As a Participant of Dhaka University in the course of Industrial Relation and Labour

Studies, we acquired knowledge in different types of subject, which is actually
theoretical knowledge in different types of subject, but it is a unique opportunity to
implement the theoretical knowledge in practical study. The main importance of this
study is to produce knowledge that can be applied outside a practical setting. The
purpose of the study is to apply the tools, techniques of research and knowledge of
labor law in human resource management as well as the practical experience of
implementation of health & safety issues in RMG sector as per Bangladesh Labor
Act-2006.

1.4 Statement of the Problem

The problem of the statement that the collection of data are not possible accurately
due to secrecy of the company. There is another problem such as follows

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 a. Do not assure a perfect picture because this study only basis on a few
garments company‟s labor law practice in terms of health, hygiene & safety
issues.

b. May arise standard deviation.

1.5 Objectives

We have categorized our objectives in two aspects, such as;

1.5.1 Major Objective Broader objective of the study, which is as follows;

a. Impact of keeping hygiene & health provisions as per Bangladesh

Labor Act-2006 on employees‟ job satisfaction.

b. Implementation of safety provisions as per Bangladesh Labor Act-

2006 on employees‟ safety awareness.

1.5.2 Specific Objectives Specific objectives of the study will be;

i. The main objective of our study is to understand and find out

the implementation of health & safety provisions as per Compliance
and Bangladesh Labor Act-2006 of RMG sectors in Dhaka Division.

ii. To observe the following issues for keeping hygiene as per

Section#51-60 of Bangladesh labor Act-2006;

(1) Cleanliness.
(2) Ventilation & Temperature.
(3) Dust & Fume.
(4) Disposal of Waste & Effluents.
(5) Artificial Humidification.
(6) Overcrowding.
(7) Lighting.
(8) Drinking Water.
(9) Latrines & Urinals.
(10) Dust Bean & Spittoon.

iii. To follow the under mention issues for safety as per

Section#61-78A of Bangladesh labor Act-2006;

(1) Safety of Building & Machinery.

(2) Precaution in Case of Fire.

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 (3) Fencing of Machinery.
(4) Work on or Near Machinery in Motion.
(5) Striking Gear & Devices for Cutting off Power.
(6) Automated Machines.
(7) Casing of New Machinery.
(8) Cranes & Other Lifting Machinery.
(9) Hoists & Lifts.
(10) Revolving Machinery.
(11) Pressure Plant.
(12) Floors, Stairs & Passage.
(13) Pits-sumps, Opening in Floors etc.
(14) Excessive Weights.
(15) Protection of Eyes.
(16) Powers to Require Specifications of Defective Parts or
Tests of Stability.
(17) Precaution against Dangerous Fumes.
(18) Explosive or Inflammable Dust, gas etc.
(19) Requirements to use Personal Safety Equipment.

iv. To perceive the following issues for health & safety provisions
as per Section#79-87 of Bangladesh labor Act-2006;

(1) Dangerous Operations.

(2) Notice to be Given of Accidents.
(3) Notice of Certain Dangerous occurrences.
(4) Notice of certain Disease.
(5) Power to Direct Enquiry into Cases of Accident or
Disease.
(6) Power to Take Samples.
(7) Power to inspector in Case of Certain Danger.
(8) Providing Information about Dangerous Building &
Machinery.
(9) Restriction of Employment of Women in Certain Work.

1.6 Key Variables

Discussion with 40 workers to know and analyze the attitude and beliefs of workers
towards labor management relations and labor rights. Our research theme is Health &
Safety Provisions as per Labor Law Implementation plummy Fashions Ltd in RMG
Sector of Bangladesh and our key variables are practices of health and hygiene, safety
and security, special provision of health & safety.

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1.7 Methodology of the Study

This section presents an overview of the methods to be used in the study. Areas
covered include the research design, population, sample and sampling techniques,
data collection and analysis.

The study is involved in evaluating the Implementation of labor law practice of

Plummy Fashions Ltd in RMG Sectors. Consequently, the research was designed to
achieve the objectives set out by the researcher.
This study has employed both qualitative and empirical approach because of mixed
nature of the problem with a view to achieving the best outcome of the research. The
qualitative methodology of research has been applied for subjective assessment based
on secondary sources to investigate the loopholes in the current legal framework on
the safety and security net of the garments workers in Bangladesh. While doing this
part of the research, the existing literature on the labor laws have been explored and
examined thoroughly. Through application of this approach, findings have been
reinvigorated and compiled suggesting better security and safety net along with
propositions for necessary amendments of the current labor law.
These questionnaires are designed in such manner so that the garments workers can
express their opinions without any prejudice and bias finding the obstacles as to safety
net in consonance with ILO Conventions and standards. The findings of the mixed
approach will be categorized systematically and the common findings will be offered
as recommendation to amend the current labor law in the country.

1.7.1 Sampling

The researcher has adopted the survey type of research in which a sample from the
target population will be used for the study. In total, a sample of 30 elements has to be
selected from a targeted population. Details of the sample are as follows:

a. The sample is 40 workers.

b. The study has adopted a multistage stratified sampling method to select
elements.

1.7.2 Source of Data

Source of data is mainly face to face interview of the garments worker and various
journals and BGMEA and BKMEA website. A secondary research also conducted in
the study. Sources in secondary research include previous research reports,
newspapers etc.

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 1.7.3 Data Collection Tools and Techniques

Primary and secondary research has to be conducted in the study. Before the actual
data collection, I have collected introductory letter from the Industrial
Relation and Labor Studies) to the sampled institutions. The initial visit to the
selected institutions are therefore be to introduce himself, familiarize himself with
those institutions as well as seek their consent for the study. This study has used both
primary and secondary data collection techniques. The major research techniques
employed are as follows:

a. Conducting interviews direct and over phone with relevant owners,

management and personnel of RMG industries.

b. Discussion with 40 workers to know and analyze the attitude and

beliefs of workers towards labor management relations and labor rights.

A structured questionnaire has to be developed and is used as the survey tool for the
study. Most of the questionnaire was the closed-ended type.

1.7.4 Study Area

My study area is mainly Dhaka division. Most of the garments are in Dhaka division
especially Plummy Fashions Ltd. in Narayanganj.

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Literature Review

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2.1 Literature Review

Bangladesh, the southern Asian country has a population of approximately 164

million people. The economy of Bangladesh is significantly dependent on
agriculture. But it‟s a great news for the country that, readymade garments (RMG)
sector of Bangladesh has raised as the biggest earner of foreign currency. This sector
creates about 4.2 million employment opportunities and contributes significantly to
the GDP. Readymade garments (RMG) of Bangladesh is powered by young,
urbanizing, workers, where most of them are women.

RMG sector not only contributing to the national economy but also working on
human development. It contributes significantly to GDP (Gross Domestic Product),
women endorsement, reduction of child labor, gender equality and reduction of infant
mortality. In three decades RMG shapes itself a good apparel sourcing spot in the
world. GDP of Bangladesh is $173.8b (nominal) (37th; 2014 est.) and $419.2b (PPP)
36th; 2012-2013 EST.). GDP growth is 6.12% (2013-14 EST.). RMG sector
contributes more than 13% of GDP of Bangladesh. Contribution of woven and knit
wear is 40.74% and 40.51% (FY 2013-14, July- December) respectively to the total
export value of Bangladesh. A McKinsey survey report shows that Bangladesh will
be the number one hotspot for apparel sourcing within five years.

Compliance with health and safety standards is an important issue. Worker safety is
very important in readymade garment (RMG) industry. Especially in Bangladesh,
garment industry always suffering several devastating accident. Fire is a common
problem in readymade garment industry. Bangladesh has more than 4,500 RMG
factories that employed more than four million workers. The reason behind this
readymade industry concentration in Bangladesh is chief labor cost. But the worker
safety issue is very poorly maintained here due to inadequate follow-up.

The readymade garment (RMG) segment shows a very important part in the financial
growth of Bangladesh. The entire influence of RMG to exports is further than 76 per
cent of complete export incomes (ILO, 2010; Razzaue and Eusuf, 2007). This
seemingly striking routine of trade has been single-handed determined by RMG
sector, which has observed its portion of entire transfers increasing from almost
nonentity in the year 1980 up to 75 per cent during the year 2007 ((ILO, 2010;
Razzaue and Eusuf, 2007). Work-related health as well as safety provision in
Bangladesh is still in the developing phase. From within that point, work-related
health and safety denotes predominantly to requirements of employees of businesses
or various industrial developments but then again does not totally shield all works of
the nation. The central regulations connected to work-related health and safety in this
nation is Factory Act of 1965 as well as the Factory Rule of 1979 ((ILO, 2010; Das,
2008). There are quantities of further decrees as well as guidelines that are likewise

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have various provisions associated to work-related health as well as safety. These
regulations have requirements on work-related sanitation, occupational sicknesses,
manufacturing misfortunes, security of females and young individuals in unsafe
employments and likewise shield circumstances of labor, waged hours, safety
accommodations, and many others. But utmost of the regulations are deficient in
standard morals as well as not precise but somewhat general in environment.

Moreover, the enormous scale admission of ladies into the employment marketplace
has been unique of the furthermost remarkable landscapes of latest development in
Bangladesh. The occupation has extended in an unparalleled custom in the recognized
export grounded segments, predominantly in readymade garments business (Paul -
Majumder, 2008). In detail, at contemporary Bangladesh garments business is the
major employer of workers in the proper industrial sector such as women employees
that accounts for around 70 per cent of whole occupation in apparel business of
Bangladesh (Paul- Majumder and Begum, 2000). The quick growth of the apparel
zone, sideways with its recruitment of female employees, has made it a prevalent
matter of apprehension amongst rule makers, advocates as well as researchers (Kibria,
2001).

The increasing consideration is being rewarded to the numerous features of the

existence of the employees like waged environment, work-related safety and threats,
well-being, living circumstances, collective life and a lot more as going past the
humble scheme of occupation, creating revenue for the employees (Paul-Majumder,
2008). The apparel factories are very disposed to fire mishaps since the supplies
utilized in these factories are extremely flammable. In furthermost of the workshops
firefighting gear is insignificant. Thus, fire exists and or alternative exists are likewise
inattentive. The passageways in the factories are consequently narrow that employees
cannot leave the factory buildings effortlessly in a crisis condition (Paul-Majumder,
2008). The solitary exit gate is retained locked throughout labor period. As a
consequence, the employees though functioning in the factories linger susceptible to
fire misfortunes and they constantly burden about fire dangers. Many employees have
been destroyed in factory fire in Bangladesh.

The growth and development of RMG industry in Bangladesh have a distinctive

feature. In most countries, particularly in the developed countries, including UK, and
other European countries, and USA, Canada, and Japan, not only textile but also
apparel industry was developed in response to domestic demand. Even in the
instances of initially, it is the domestic demand that motivated the entrepreneurs to
invest in the apparel industry. But in case of Bangladesh, domestic demand was too
little to attract large scale investment. It was the external force, the urge of high wage
countries to relocate production facilities in the low wage countries that created an
environment congenial to the growth and development of RMG industry in
Bangladesh. It was primarily due to the migratory nature of the RMG industry,
moving from high-wage to low-wage countries, that the industry saw its development

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in Bangladesh. The industry is highly globalized. Therefore, to produce a garment,
production activities are undertaken at a number of stages in a variety of locations,
adding value at each stage.

Several institutions played important role to start RMG industry in Bangladesh. One
such institution was the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB). After
independence, the government of Bangladesh, because of its socialist policy,
established the TCB, a state trading agency. The TCB was entrusted with the
responsibility of carrying out export-import activities on behalf of the state. In the
mid-seventies, TCB took the initiative to export shirts tailored in Dhaka to East
European countries under counter-trade arrangements. With this initiative of TCB,
capacity building in Bangladesh started in low key in the mid-seventies. The TCB
was the first exporter of RMG under barter system. But in volume and value it was
very small. The RMG industry as hundred percent export-oriented industry saw its
beginning in the late seventies. Due to the shift in state level macro-economic policy,
market economy was allowed to play its roles. As a result, private entrepreneurs got
increased in participating in the industrialization process of the country.

In general, backward and forward integration creates value-addition and new

employment usually, it is good for the firms and also for the industry, if managed
efficiently. The debates are going about the feasibility of backward integration of the
RMG industry in Bangladesh. The future of RMG industry is fraught with
uncertainty is the much talked about phasing out of MFA.

Occupational Health and Safety are gradually vital and compulsory manufacturing
function. Security gaps are severe matters and the establishments concerned are
severely disciplined by the safety controlling establishments for some actions of
oversight and directive (International Labor Organization, 2010). Inappropriately in
Bangladesh, state security guideline and involvement are tremendously
underprivileged. Like the whole thing also, it is likewise referred further to a routine
than several anticipation or examination purpose as grounded merely on the impulses
and wishes of the factory proprietor (International Labor Organization, 2010). Over
periods no valuable safety assessment has been realized, not even some
compassionate of inquiry or optimistic actions from the RMG factory proprietors or
examination experts who are predominantly accountable for protection in the
workroom.

Although the Bangladeshi administration has three departments and regulations to

defend the privileges of the employees (Paul-Majumder, 2008), unfortunately, no one
of the departments conveys out their responsibilities by the employees as well as takes
stages to avoid the relapse of such tragic incidents like of Tarzeen Fashions incidence.
In previous 10 ages there were further than 100 fires in workshops in Bangladesh
(Paul-Majumder, 2008). The administrative center of Chief Inspector of Factories in
the Ministry of Industry is the chief institute responsible for visiting businesses as

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well as to guarantee health and safety obedience of the factory industries (Paul-
Majumder, 2008).

Nevertheless, this place of work is not armed with acceptable staff as well as logistics.
The last month‟s fire accident at Tarzeen Fashions within the Ready Made Garments
(RMG) segment of Bangladesh are miserable prompts of the dangerous position or
standing of work-related health and safety in the nation, and the nonappearance of
decent societal safety for the relatives of the deceased in addition to the wounded
(International Labor Organization, 2010; Das, 2008). Despite the remarkable
achievement of the RMG segment, deprived working settings in the factories, as well
as the absence of social obedience, are stern apprehensions. For instance, there has
been an increasing terror in Bangladesh that the readymade apparel division may
surface a weakening in demand (International Labor Organization, 2010; Das, 2008).
As an upshot, the garments division in Bangladesh prolonged with unparalleled
triumph. In spite of deprived working circumstances and the absence of collective
agreement endures to be a reason for serious apprehension.

Formulated its own code of conduct for the industry, in collaboration with the major
trade unions, and has set up a compliance unit that monitors labor conditions in its
members' factories (UNIFEM 2008). In 2006, the Government passed a new labor
code, after 12 years of deliberation and activism. It applies to all workers, and the
new sections relevant to the garment industry include written contracts and identity
cards, timely payment of wages, revised minimum wage, paid maternity, health &
safety provisions etc.

According to Amin (2009), Coordinator of the Bangladesh Garment Workers Unity

Council (BGWUC), “The garment workers of Bangladesh may be the most deprived
labor force in the world. Most are paid between US$14 and US$16 per month, the
lowest salary in the world.” He also added “Only a few factories here maintain
international standards, and many of them do not implement any worker health and
safety measures.”

According to International Labor Organization (2010), buyers make sourcing

decisions based on four factors: price, quality, how long it takes to get produce to the
marketplace and social compliance, including compliance with labor standards. In
order to export readymade garments, it is not only the quality parameters that are
important towards acceptance of the product as per the intended end use, but also the
working environment, in which the garments are to be produced, is equally important
so that sweatshop concept is totally taken care of and the code of conduct must be
stretched towards achieving the objectives of social compliance issues (Das 2008).

Research showed that when companies that dealt with foreign buyers adhered to
codes of conduct, conditions improved for the workers in the factories stated by
(Mahmud) in one of his articles. In some large factories, health and safety standards

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improved and other benefits were introduced such as timely payment of salaries,
proper overtime rates and maternity leave.

BGMEA/BKMEA has set up compliance monitoring cells to oversee maintenance of

compliance standard by the factories. However, this needed to be strengthened and
made more effective. In order to monitor and enforce compliance standard at factory
level, an independent compliance monitoring agency could be considered. This
agency could be responsible to a joint committee of government and
BGMEA/BKMEA (Islam & Hossain, 2015).

Islam and Hossain (2015) also stated that besides, a common compliance standard
need to be established which would take care of domestic legislation as well as
buyers' requirement (code of conduct) which would be enforced through the
monitoring agency. The government of Bangladesh could set up „Compliance Up
gradation Fund' in support of developing compliance standard where buyers also
could contribute.

Lorenz Simon Noe (2009); US-Bangladesh Trade Relation and the RMG Sector:
The summery of this article is the USA is the second most important export
destination for clothing made in Bangladesh. Despite its sustained growth, the RMG
sector‟s capacity to take a bigger share of the U.S market is hindered by the high tariff
rate levied on Bangladeshi apparel. This situation is due to a number of factors, which
are reviewed in this paper.

As a committed developmental partner to Bangladesh, the USA has undertaken a

number of legislative and other initiatives aiming to lift trade barriers. They provide
insights into what US policy makers consider critical issues and this and this working
paper offers an overview of current and past initiatives.

This paper also suggests a number of areas to be considered by the Government and
the RMG industry of Bangladesh. These include lobbying, actively pursuing a US-
Bangladesh bilateral agreement, improving the RMG‟s social compliance record,
health & safety issues and investing in backward linkages.

Ameena Chowdhury and Hanna Denecke(2007); a Comparative Analysis between

the Bangladesh Labor Act-2006 and 7 General Codes of Conduct:

This study is a comparative analysis of the Bangladesh Labor Act-2006 and seven
internationally recognized codes of conduct (SA8000, SAI, ETI, FLA, FWF, BSCI,
WRAP and JO-IN). It reveals that the Bangladesh Labor Act-2006 significantly
covers the majority of the requirements of the seven a solid platform for meeting
internationally defined working codes of conduct. In addition, this paper highlights
the significance of the legislation as it establishes standards.

P a g e | 17
The objective of this review paper is to serve as a compilation of knowledge about
health & safety issues and offered get better work life balance. Wide differences in
health & safety policies that exist between Bangladesh and the west will be pointed
out. This paper particularly seeks to look into what existing research suggests about
the following topics;

1. Does hygiene & cleanliness maintain regularly for better & healthy working
environment?
2. Does good facilities encourage more the worker to work?
3. Does the safety measures adequate for the worker?
4. Overall, do employers gain or lose as a result of maintaining the health &
safety issues?

Salma Chaudhuri Zohir & Pratima Paul-Majumder (1996); Garment Worker in

Bangladesh, Economic, Social and Health condition:

This monograph was an outcome of the research undertaken by the Bangladesh

Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) at the request of the Ministry of Planning,
Government of Bangladesh in 1990. The study intendant to look into the
socioeconomic conditions of the Bangladeshi garments, with particular emphasis on
the following aspect:

a. Economic conditions, such as wage, regularity in wage payment,

recruitment procedures, nature of overtime work, regularity in overtime
payment, provision of leave, and gender-differences in earnings.
b. Social security.
c. Work environment and health condition.
d. Status of garment workers in the society at large.

The study also look into some of the characteristics of the firms in terms of their size,
organization, location, and sub-contracting. This research crucially dependent on the
cooperation of the owner of firms as well as the workers who shared their personal
experience with the writers.

Siddiqi (2004) in his book „The Readymade Garment Industry of Bangladesh‟

discusses the importance of RMG industry in the national economy and notes, the
RMG industry has become so important that the future of the economy of Bangladesh
is greatly dependent on this single sector. Any slowdown in this sector will slow
down the economic progress of Bangladesh. He analyses the strength and weakness
of RMG industry of Bangladesh and suggests how to ensure its better future in the
context of changing global apparel market. He explains why the problems caused by
the phasing out of MFA will continue to be a matter of great concern. He argues that
the industry would survive and be able to thrive in the post-MFA era if appropriate
strategies on capacity building through backward and forward linkages, cost

P a g e | 18
reduction, market diversification, product differentiation, infrastructural development,
reduction of lead time etc. are implemented. To substantiate his position, he draws
insights from the experience of many countries. However, issue of labor unrest in this
sector has not been discussed.

2.2 Theoretical Framework

Bangladesh Labor law Act-2006 and the subsequent Rules has laid down detailed
provisions regarding workers hygiene, safety, and security provision.

Section#51 in Labor Law Act-2006 provides that every establishment shall be kept
clean and free from effluvia arising from any drain privy or other nuisance. Dirt and
refuge shall be moved daily from the floors and benches of workrooms and from
staircases and passages. The floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least once in
every week. All inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops of rooms, passages or
staircases should be painted or varnished at least once in three year or cleaned and
washed with proper color at least once in a fourteen month.

Section#52 has prescribed that every workroom in the garments must have adequate
ventilation facilities so that there remain adequate circulations of fresh air in the room.
The temperature in the workroom should be kept within the tolerable limit of the
workers.

Section#53 states that every establishment must clean any dust or fume or other
impurity of such a nature and to such an extent as is likely to be injurious to the health
of the workers employed therein, the effective measures shall be taken to prevent its
accumulation in any work-room and its inhalation by workers, and if any exhaust
appliance is necessary for this purpose, it shall be applied as near as possible to the
point of origin of the dust, fume or other impurity, and such point shall be enclosed as
far as possible. In any establishment, no internal combustion engine shall be operated
unless the exhaust is conducted into open air.

Section#54 provides that effective arrangements shall be taken in every establishment

for disposal of wastes and effluents due to manufacturing process carried on therein.

Section#55 states that if the humidity of air is artificially increased in any

establishment, the water used for the purpose shall be taken from a public water
supply system or other source of drinking water, or shall be effectively purified before
it is so used.

Section#56 has set guidelines for restricting overcrowding in the workrooms and
ensuring free movement of the workers at the workplace.

P a g e | 19
Section#57 provides that in every part of a garments or factory where workers are
working or passing, there shall be provided and maintained sufficient and suitable
lighting, natural or artificial, or both.

Section#58 states that there should be sufficient and proper arrangement for
wholesome drinking water, container legibly marked as “drinking water” and must be
kept at place maintained twenty feet away from washing place, urinals and latrines.

Section#59 spells out that there should be adequate number of specific type of latrines
and urinals for the workers at the workplace. There should be separate latrines and
urinals for male and female, as well as, there should be proper arrangements for
keeping them in hygienic condition.

Section#60 provides that sufficient number of dustbins and spittoons shall be

provided in every establishment at convenient places and these shall be maintained in
a clean and hygienic condition. No person shall throw any dirt or spit within the
premises of an establishment except in such dustbins and spittoons.

Section#61 spells out that if an establishment or machinery is in a condition which is

dangerous to human life or safety, then an Inspector may direct the employer in
writing to take appropriate measures which are required to rectify it. When it appears
to an Inspector that the use of any building, or any part thereof or any road, machinery
or plant of an establishment is in imminent danger to human life or safety, he may
prohibit its use until it is properly repaired or altered.

Section#62 of Labor Law Act-2006 provides that every factory building should have
adequate number of „fire exit‟ and they must be marked legibly in red colored letters.
There should be proper fire alarm system to make worker alert at the outbreak of fire
in the factory. During working hours no factory room must not be fastened from
outside in such way that can‟t be opened from inside. There should be adequate and
effective firefighting equipment and the workers must be trained to use them.

Section#63 provides that in every establishment the machinery, while in motion or in

use, shall be securely fenced by the safeguards of substantial construction. Every
moving part of a prime mover, and every fly wheel connected therewith, every part of
an electric generator, a motor or rotary converter, every part of transmission
machinery, very dangerous part of any machinery should be securely fenced. Without
prejudice to any other provision of this Act relating to the fencing of machinery, every
revolving shaft, spindle wheel or every set screw, bolt and key on any pinion and all
spur, worm and other toothed or friction gearing in motion with which any worker
generally comes into contact such appliances shall be securely fenced to prevent
such contact.

P a g e | 20
Section#64 states that in any establishment, any examination to carry out any
mounting or shipping of belts, lubrication or other adjusting operation while the
machinery is in motion, such examination or operation shall be carried out by a
specially trained male worker, and the tight-fitting cloths shall be worn by that
worker, and his name shall be recorded in the register prescribed in this behalf, and
while such worker is engaged in such works, he shall not handle a belt at a moving
pulley, unless the belt is less than 15 (fifteen) centimeters in a width and its joint is
tightened with flush and lace. The Government may, by notification in the official
Gazette, prohibit cleaning, lubricating, adjusting of any specified moving part of any
machinery in any specified establishment.

Section#65 provides that in every establishment, the suitable striking gear and other
efficient mechanical appliance which shall be used to move driving belts to and from
fast and loose pulleys of the transmission machinery shall be maintained, and such
gear or appliances shall be so constructed, placed and maintained as to prevent the
belt from cropping back on the first pulleys. When any driving belt is not in use, it
shall not be allowed to rest upon any shaft in motion.

Section#66 spells out that Where any moving part of an automatic machine and any
material carried thereon in an establishment is in a space over which any person is
liable to pass either for the purpose of duty or for any other reason, it shall not be
allowed to move outward or in ward between 45 (forty-five) centimeters from
any fixed structure which is not a part of such machine.

Section#67 provides that in every power driven machinery installed in an

establishment, every set screw, belt or key, or any revolving shaft, spindle wheel or
pinion shall be so sunk, encased or otherwise effectively guarded so as to prevent
danger. All spur, worm, and other toothed gearing, which does not require frequent
adjustment while in motion, shall be completely encased, unless it is so situated as to
be safe if it were completely encased.

Section#68 of Bangladesh Labor Act states that in an establishment, all cranes and
other lifting machinery, except hoist and lift, the fixed or movable working gear,
ropes, chains and anchoring or fixing appliances and every part thereof shall be of
good construction with sound material and adequate
strength, properly maintained, thoroughly examined by a competent person at
least once in every 12 (twelve) months and a register shall be maintained
containing particulars prescribed by rules. No such machinery shall be loaded
beyond the working load marked. When any person is working on the wheel-tract of
a traveling crane in any place, where he is likely to be struck by the crane, effective
measures shall be taken to ensure that the crane does not approach within 6 (six)
meters of that place.

P a g e | 21
Section#69 provides that every hoist and lift in every establishment shall be of good
construction with sound material and adequate strength, properly maintained,
thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every 6 (six) months,
and a register shall be maintained containing such particulars, of every
examination as may be prescribed by the rules. The capacity of safe working load
shall be clearly written down on every hoist or lift and no load beyond such load shall
be carried. The cage of every hoist or lift used for carrying persons shall be fitted
with a gate on both sides for riding and landing. The highest capacity of every hoist
and lift shall be written legibly in Bangla.

Section#70 states that in an establishment in which the process of grinding is carried

on, there shall be permanently affixed to or placed near, each machine in use a notice
indicating maximum safe working peripheral speed of every grind stone or
abrasive wheel, the speed of the shaft or spindle upon which the wheel is mounted,
the diameter of the pulley upon such shaft or spindle necessary to secure such
safe working peripheral speed. The speeds indicated in the notice shall not be
exceeded.

Section#71 provides that in any establishment any part of the plant or machinery used
in manufacturing process is operated at a pressure above the atmospheric pressure,
effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the safe working pressure of such part
is not exceeded.

Section#72 spells out that in every establishment, all floors, stairs, passages shall be
of sound construction and properly maintained and where necessary strong railing
shall be provided to ensure their safety, and the passages and stairs shall be kept
opened for easy movement during continuance of work. There shall be provided with
safe means of access to every place. passages and stairways shall be clean, wide and
clear of all obstructions. An employer may, for overall safety of the factory and
workers, bring the passages of movements, stairs, gates, godowns and common
utility area of the place of work under close circuit camera.

Section#73 provides that in every establishment any fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or
tunnel in such that, by reason of its depth, situation, construction or contents, it may
be a source of danger, it shall be either securely covered or fenced.

Section#74 states that no worker shall be allowed in any establishment to lift, carry or
move any load so heavy as to be likely to cause his injury.

Section#75 spells out that the Government may, in respect of any establishment
where manufacturing process is carried on, by rules, require that suitable goggles or
eye screens shall be provided for the protection of eyes of the persons employed
therein. The risk of injury to the eyes from particles or fragments thrown off in the
course of the process, and exposure to excessive light or heat.

P a g e | 22
Section#76 provides that if it appears to an Inspector that any building, or any
part thereof, or any passage, machinery or plant, of an establishment, is in a
condition which is dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve order in
writing, to the employer of the establishment, to do the following works within the
time specified therein. To supply necessary drawings and other information or
particulars to determine whether such building, passage, machinery or plant may be
used with safety. To carry out necessary tests to determine the strength or quality of
any specific part.

Section#77 provides that no person shall enter or be permitted to enter any room,
vessel, hole, pipe, flue or other confined space of any establishment, where the
dangerous fumes are likely to exist to such extent as to involve risks to any person,
unless it is provided with a manhole of such size, as may be prescribed by rules or
other effective means of exit. No portable electric light of a voltage of exceeding 24
(twenty-four) volts shall be permitted to use inside any confined space and where
fumes are likely to be flamed, no light other than the light made of flame misstating
metal shall be allowed to use in such place. No person shall enter or be permitted to
enter any such confined space of any establishment until all practicable means are
taken to remove fumes from there or prevent access. In every establishment, the
suitable breathing apparatus, reviving apparatus, belts and ropes shall be kept ready
for instant use beside any such space and such apparatus shall be periodically
examined by a competent person, and shall be certified by him that it is fit for
use, and a sufficient number of persons employed in every establishment shall be
trained and practiced in the use of all such apparatus and the method of restoring
respiration. In any establishment no person shall be permitted to enter into any boiler,
furnace, flue chamber, tank, pipe or other confined space for the purpose of working
or making any examination therein until it is sufficiently cooled by ventilation or
otherwise made it fir for human entry.

Section#78 states that in any establishment gas, fume, dust or vapor produced due
to any manufacturing process is of such character or to such extent which is likely
to be exploded or ignited, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent any such
explosion by effectively enclosing plant or machinery while it is in use, removing or
preventing accumulation of such dust, gas, fume or vapor & effectively enclosing
all possible sources of ignition. Where in any establishment the plant or machinery
used in a process is not so constructed as to withstand the probable pressure which is
produced in the case of such explosion, all practicable measures shall be taken to
restrict the spread and effects of the explosion by the provision of chokes,
baffles, vents or any other effective apparatus in the plant or machinery. Where
any part of the plant or machinery in an establishment contains any explosive or
inflammable gas or vapor under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, that part
shall not be opened except in accordance with the provisions of before fastening
of any joint of any pipe connected with the part of the fastening of the cover of any

P a g e | 23
opening into the part is loosened, any flow of the gas or vapor into the part or
any such pipe shall be effectively stopped by a stop-valve or other means.

Section#78A states that no authority shall engage any worker in work without
providing him with personal safety equipment and ensuring uses thereof and a record
book shall be maintained in this behalf by the employer in the prescribed manner. If
any personal safety equipment is supplied but not used, the worker concerned shall be
liable. Every worker shall be made aware of the hazards of work through training in
order to ensure the protection and safety of his professional health in the place of
work.

Section#79 spells out that the Government is satisfied that any operation carried on in
an establishment exposes any person employed in it to a serious risk of bodily injury,
poisoning or disease, then such establishment is to declare which operations are
hazardous & prohibit the employment of women, adolescents or children in such
operation. Employer needs to provide for regular medical examination of persons
employed in such operation and to prohibit the employment of persons not certified to
be fit for such employment. To provide for protection of all persons employed in the
operation or in the vicinity of such places and to use any specified materials or
processes in connection with the operation and give notice of any corrosive chemicals
and of precautions to be taken in their use.

Section#80 provides that when any accident occurs in an establishment causing loss
of life or bodily injury, or an accidental explosion, ignition, outbreak of fire or
irruption of water or fumes occurs, the employer shall give notice of the occurrence to
the Inspector within following 2 (two) working days. Where an accident occurs
causes bodily injury resulting in the compulsory absence from work of the person
injured for a period exceeding 48 (forty-eight) hours, it shall be entered in a register
prescribed by rules. The employer shall send to the Chief Inspector a copy of the
entries in the register within 15 (fifteen) days following the 30th day of June and the
31st day of December in each year.

Section#81 states that where in an establishment, any dangerous occurrence of a

nature prescribed by rules occurs, whether causing any bodily injury or not, the
employer shall inform the Inspector by notice within the following three working
days.

Section#82 spells out that where in an establishment any worker contacts any disease
specified in the Second Schedule, the employer or the concerned worker or any
person specified by him in this behalf shall inform the Inspector by a notice in such
form and within such time as may be prescribed by rules. If any registered medical
practitioner, while giving treatment to an existing or previous worker of an
establishment, finds that he is suffering or suspects to be suffering from any disease

P a g e | 24
specified in the Second Schedule, the said medical practitioner shall forthwith inform
by a report in writing to the Inspector.

Section#83 provides that When any accidental explosion, ignition, outbreak of fire or
irruption of water or any other accident occurs in an establishment, or when any
disease specified in the Second Schedule breaks out or is suspected to be broken out,
and if the Government thinks that a formal enquiry into the causes of, and the
circumstances appearing in, the accident or disease is necessary, it may appoint a
competent person to hold such enquiry, and may appoint any person who has special
knowledge in law or concerned matter as an assessor during enquiry. The person
holding enquiry shall have all the powers of a Civil Court under the Code of Civil
Procedure for the purpose of enforcing the attendance of witnesses and compelling the
production of documents and other things, and if any person is required by him to
furnish any information for the purpose of enquiry, he shall be deemed to be legally
bound to do so within the meaning of section 176 of the Penal Code. The person
holding enquiry may exercise any of the powers of an Inspector under this Act, as he
may think necessary to exercise, for the purposes of the enquiry. The person holding
the enquiry shall submit a report to the Government and shall record in that report the
causes of the accident and the circumstances relating thereto, and shall state any
observation that he or the assessor, may have. The Government shall publish the
report at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed by it.

Section#84 provides that an Inspector may, at any time during the normal working
hours of an establishment, by giving information to the employer, take in the manner
hereinafter describing, a sample of any substance used or brought for use in the
establishment, if it appears to him that such substance is being used in contravention
of the provisions of this Act or the rules, or is likely to cause bodily injury or harm to
the workers of the establishment. Where any Inspector takes such sample, he shall, in
the presence of the employer, unless he willfully absents himself, divide the sample
into 3 (three) portions and effectively seal and properly mark every portion of it, and
shall also permit the employer to add his own seal and mark thereon. The employer
shall, if the Inspector so requires, provide the appliances for dividing and sealing and
marking the sample. The Inspector shall give one portion of the sample to the
employer forthwith, send the second portion to a Government analyst for analysis and
to give report thereon, and keep the third portion to himself for production to the
Court if any criminal proceedings is instituted in respect of the substance of the
sample.

Sectio#85 states that in respect of any matter for which no express provision is made
in this Act, it appears to an Inspector that any establishment or any part thereof or any
matter or practice therein or connected therewith or controlled thereby is dangerous to
human life or safety, or is so defective as likely to cause bodily injury to the people,
he may, by a notice in writing, inform the employer relating thereto and order to
remove those things which are dangerous or injurious or defective, within such time

P a g e | 25
and in such manner as may be specified in the notice. The Inspector may direct the
employer in writing without prejudice any order of any establishment not to extract or
reduce any pillar of his establishment or of any part thereof, if in his opinion, such
operation is likely to cause the crushing of any other pillar or the premature collapse
of any part of the establishment or endanger the establishment. If the Inspector is of
opinion that there is imminent danger to the life or safety of any person employed in
any establishment, he may, by an order in writing to the employer concerned stating
the grounds of his opinion, prohibit the employment of any person in the
establishment or any part thereof, until he is satisfied that the danger is removed, but
this order shall not apply to the person who is employed to remove such danger. Any
employer aggrieved by an order may prefer an appeal against such order to the Chief
Inspector within 10 (ten) days of the receipt of the order, who may confirm, modify or
cancel the order. The Inspector shall, in respect of each order, report forthwith to the
Government, and shall inform the employer concerned of the report so furnished. The
Chief Inspector shall report forthwith to the Government any order, except the order
of cancellation made by him, and shall also inform the employer concerned of the
report so furnished. Any employer who has any objection against any order made
under this section shall within 20 (twenty) days of receipt of such order, inform the
Government in writing, stating the objection and reasons, therefore, and the
Government shall send it to a committee for decision. The employer shall comply
with the order against which objection has been made until the decision of the
committee is received.

Section#86 provides that where any worker of an establishment finds that any
building or machinery thereof, which is ordinarily used by the workers, is in such a
dangerous condition that it is likely to cause bodily injury to any worker at any time,
he shall immediately inform the employer of it in writing. If, on the receipt of such
information, the employer fails to take appropriate measures on this matter within 3
(three) days and any worker is injured due to use of such building or machinery, he
shall be liable to pay compensation to the worker so injured at the rate of double of
the compensation payable for such injury.

Section#87 states that the provisions of sections 39, 40 and 42 of Bangladesh Labor
Act-2006 shall apply to a woman worker as they apply to an adolescent worker.

Section#88 provides that the Government may, by rules, give direction to make
further provisions and to take further measures for securing the safety of the workers
employed in any establishment; prohibit the running of any manufacturing process
using power in any building until a certificate of strength of such building by a person
having such qualification and in such form, as may be prescribed by rules, is reached
to the Chief Inspector.

The Bangladesh Garments Manufactures and Exporters Association (BGMEA) is the

trade body that represents the export oriented woven, knit and sweater garments

P a g e | 26
manufacturers and export of the country. Readymade Garments (RMG) is the leading
sector of Bangladesh in terms of employment, production and foreign earnings. RMG
sector alone accounts for around 80% of the yearly foreign exchange earnings of the
country. About 4 million people are employed in this sector. The importance of
garments sector can be hardly be over emphasized. There has been a steady growth in
the field of RMG during last two decades. The RMG industry enjoyed a meteoric rise
from 30 enterprises in 1980 increased to about 4222 in 2013-14 fiscal years. For our
research of “Health & Safety Provisions of Labor Law Implementation in RMG
Sector of Dhaka Division,” I have chosen 02 readymade garments localize in Dhaka
Division to collect data for our research purpose.

The ready-made garments (RMG) industry plays a vital role to augment the socio-
economic development of Bangladesh. However, workers health and safety issue in
this sector still less focused even though recent time increasing accident rate and loss
of lives in some deadly incidents like accidents in Rana Plaza and Tazreen Fashion
attack keen attention from home and abroad regarding fire hazards and building
safety. In this circumstances, this study aims to depict overall scenario about
occupational health and safety of workers in RMG factories and identify occupational
health and safety factors which have an impact on workers performance as well as
factories efficiency. Fire risk index (FRI) of various factories is occupied to get an
overview of fire safety and relative importance of occupational health and safety
factors are identified by relative important index (RII). Principal component analysis
(PCA) is conducted to investigate the significance of occupational health and safety
factors categorized in the variables. Then cause and effect diagram is developed to
identify key causes behind musculoskeletal disorder and occupational accident. The
relative important index (RII) shows that factories are relatively more concern about
health hazard and emergency situation rather than working condition. Prolong
working time is the most common in the factories which result in workers sufferings
from lower back pain. Most of the workers are injured through needle piercing as
negligence of using needle guard which is the root cause. The study also reveals that
standard working condition augments factories performance in term of efficiency
while accident rate impediment the factories from achieving target efficiency.
The objective of this section is to develop a framework for analysis. This section is
divided into three parts. The first part deals with concept of existing labor law
provisions in terms of health & safety, its implementation in the RMG sector of
Bangladesh. The second part of this chapter deals with analytical framework. The
analytical framework comprises of a dependent variable and three independent
variables. RMG sector has been taken here as dependent variable while three areas
such as health and hygiene, safety and security & provisions of health & safety.
The research design provides a framework to the researcher to navigate the journey in
the field and finally execute the study. The nature of the problem to be studied and
research questions to be answered which are the guiding pillars to decide what
approach and strategy would be employed to pursue a research. According to
Creswell (2003), research design fall into three categories:

P a g e | 27
a. Quantitative.
b. Qualitative.
c. Mixed method.
My research plan is to analyze my research questions based on my survey data
analysis using the mixed method. In the report body, I also discuss in details the
relevant factors of analysis and fix my critical alpha level. The researcher has
adopted the survey type of research in which a sample from the target population will
be used for the study. In total, a sample of 30 elements has to be selected from a
targeted population. Details of the sample are as follows: The sample is 40 workers
(20 from each garments factory). The study has adopted a multistage stratified
sampling method to select elements. A structured questionnaire has to be developed
and is used as the survey tool for the study. Most of the questionnaire was the closed-
ended type. As I am opting for a survey based research report, my plan is to analyze
my survey data putting it in a graphical presentation of the same data value in pie
charts, bar chart using Microsoft Excel 2007.

P a g e | 28
Company Profile of Plummy
Fashions Ltd

P a g e | 29
3.1 Company Profile of Plummy Fashions Ltd

Company Logo

Company Background

„Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ is the one of the best LEED platinum green factory in the
world of the leading & renowned RMG factories located in Narayangonj which is
situated at south-east side of Dhaka Division; just adjacent to the capital. With a
mission of providing very high quality knit apparel to the international market,
Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ emerged in 2014 and has started manufacturing and exporting
since 2015. Having all vertical setups as a full knit project situated in a single 10 acre
premise, it is the country‟s one of the few elite private sector business groups which
not only serves the international buyers with the height of professionalism but also
contributes in terms of wealth, Welfare and Eco-friendliness to its homeland. One of
the top taxpayers in the country, Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ is now employing about 2100
people.

Vision & Mission

The vision of Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ is to emerge as a premier manufacturer and

exporter of knitwear in the world market.
The broad mission of Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ is to provide its customers the best
possible satisfaction and value for their money facilitating them with one-stop
knitwear sourcing services.

Membership & Certifications

Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ is a member of BGMEA, BKMEA, BTMEA, & the Dhaka
Chamber of Commerce. The companies have an approved supplier of BSCI, WRAP,
Oeko Tex, SEDEX, OCS GOTS, and CT-PAT, and we are a proud member of the
Accord & Alliance code of conduct.

P a g e | 30
Our Facilities
1. Knitting.
2. Dyeing.
3. Finishing.
4. Sewing.

Production Line

Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ offers a full range of products in many categories to suit the
customers‟ requirements and the demands of the market place. The complete
production line covers basic, casual, work and high-performance active knitwear.
They have in house designers who are able to produce fashion trends to meet the fast
pace of the emerging markets, Trims & Packaging.

Garments Manufacturing Division

Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ Garments division offers an exciting range of Men‟s, Ladies &
Children‟s wear that are designed using our highest quality fabrics. They
manufacture T-shirts, sweatshirts, polo shirts, fast fashion designs, athletic and
sleepwear. They develop all up and coming new fabrics for the regions of the world.
They work with all major retailers and importers in all continents. Their quality
garments have earned us worldwide appreciation and praise.

1. Men.
2. Women.
3. Children.

Customers
For 25 years, Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ has been supplying the top retailers of the world
with outstanding service and fine apparel for the retail market. With access to a
global supply chain, we have the capacity to reach over 1,50,,000 retail doors across
the world.

Company Location
North Norshingpur, Boktaboli Road
Panchoboti, Fatullah, Narayangonj-1400

Other Information
In short, top class human resource, cutting-edge technology, production capacity,
efficiency, and unique organizational dexterity to quickly respond to the changes in
design and style in the international apparel markets have steadily brought forward
Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ as a new frontline player in the global apparel market. Today,
Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ produces and exports about 50,000 pieces of latest quality and
design every day

P a g e | 31
3.2 Company Profile of Plummy Fashion Ltd‟

Company Background

„Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ is the country‟s few of the leading & renowned RMG factories
located in Narayangonj which is situated at south-east side of Dhaka Division; just
adjacent to the capital. With a mission of providing very high quality knit apparel to
the international market, Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ emerged in 2014 and has started
manufacturing and exporting since 2015. Having all vertical setups as a full knit
project situated in a single 10 acre premise, it is the country‟s one of the few elite
private sector business groups which not only serves the international buyers with the
height of professionalism but also contributes in terms of wealth, Welfare and Eco-
friendliness to its homeland. One of the top taxpayers in the country, Knit Concern is
now employing about 2100 people.

Vision & Mission

The vision of Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ is to emerge as a premier manufacturer and

exporter of knitwear in the world market.

The broad mission of Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ is to provide its customers the best
possible satisfaction and value for their money facilitating them with one-stop
knitwear sourcing services.

Recognition

Plummy Fashion Ltd is the world's largest second LEED platinum green factory.
Certified with BSCI & WRAP, it is now having Oeko Sustainable Textile, i.e., Oeko-
Tex Standard 100, OCS, GOTS which entrusts it to produce apparel using organic
cottons cultivated and traded conforming to Eco-friendly standards all through.
Plummy Fashion Limited has achieved the Award of the Environment 2015

Besides, its recognition status is studded with numerous local and overseas prestigious
business as well as CSR awards. Many of those such as the „Premium Quality
Supplier‟ etc. have been offered by its valued buyers. Locally and internationally
noted business and financial publication houses and the government also have
awarded Plummy Fashions Ltd. several times. It has got the National Export Trophy
several times for performing as the top and the best exporter of knit apparel from the
country.

P a g e | 32
Our Facilities

1. Knitting.
2. Dyeing.
3. Finishing.
4. Sewing.
5. Printing
Production Line

Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ offers a full range of products in many categories to suit the
customers‟ requirements and the demands of the market place. The complete
production line covers basic, casual, work and high-performance active knitwear.
They have in house designers who are able to produce fashion trends to meet the fast
pace of the emerging markets, Trims & Packaging.

Garments Manufacturing Division

Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ Garments division offers an exciting range of Men‟s, Ladies &
Children‟s wear that are designed using our highest quality fabrics. They
manufacture T-shirts, sweatshirts, polo shirts, fast fashion designs, athletic and
sleepwear. They develop all up and coming new fabrics for the regions of the world.
They work with all major retailers and importers in all continents. Their quality
garments have earned us worldwide appreciation and praise.

1. Men.
2. Women.
3. Children.

Customers

Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ has been supplying the top retailers of the world with
outstanding service and fine apparel for the retail market. With access to a global
supply chain, we have the capacity to reach over 1,00,,000 retail doors across the
world.

Company Location

North Norshingpur, Boktaboli Road, Ponchoboti, Fatullah Narayangang

Other Information
In short, top class human resource, cutting-edge technology, production capacity,
efficiency and unique organizational dexterity to quickly respond to the changes in
design and style in the international apparel markets have steadily brought forward
Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ as a new frontline player in the global apparel market. Today,

P a g e | 33
Plummy Fashion Ltd‟ produces and exports about 1,00,000 pieces of knit apparel of
latest quality and design every day.
In this chapter, those data are analyses and the results and compare with our study
objectives which are collected from the selected garments of Bangladesh mainly
localizes in Dhaka division. In this section, the discussion will be limited to health
and hygiene, safety and security, health & safety provisions provided by the
Bangladesh Labor Act-2006.

P a g e | 34
Findings From the Study

Health and Hygiene Provision

P a g e | 35
4.1 Health and Hygiene Provision

Section-51. Cleanliness:
in Labor, Law Act-2006 provides that every establishment shall be kept clean and free
from effluvia arising from any drain privy or other nuisance. Dirt and refuge shall be
moved daily from the floors and benches of workrooms and from staircases and
passages. The floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least once in every week.
All inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops of rooms, passages or staircases
should be painted or varnished at least once in three year or cleaned and washed with
proper color at least once
in a fourteen month.

Section-52. Ventilation and temperature

has prescribed that every workroom in the garments must have adequate ventilation
facilities so that there remain adequate circulations of fresh air in the room. The
temperature in the workroom should be kept within the tolerable limit of the workers.

Section-53. Dust and Fume

states that every establishment must clean any dust or fume or other impurity of such
a nature and to such an extent as is likely to be injurious to the health of the workers
employed therein, the effective measures shall be taken to prevent its accumulation in
any work-room and its inhalation by workers, and if any exhaust appliance is
necessary for this purpose, it shall be applied as near as possible to the point of origin
of the dust, fume or other impurity, and such point shall be enclosed as far as possible.

P a g e | 36
In any establishment no internal combustion engine shall be operated unless the
exhaust is conducted into open air.

Section-54. Disposal of Wastes and effluents

provides that effective arrangements shall be taken in every establishment for disposal
of wastes and effluents due to manufacturing process carried on therein.

Section-55. Artificial humidification:

states that if the humidity of air is artificially increased in any establishment, the
water used for the purpose shall be taken from a public water supply system or other
source of drinking water, or shall be effectively purified before it is so used.

Section-56. Overcrowding
Has set guidelines for restricting overcrowding in the workrooms and ensuring free
movement of the workers at the workplace.

P a g e | 37
Section-57. Lighting
provides that in every part of a garments or factory where workers are working or
passing, there shall be provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting,
natural or artificial, or both.

Section-58. Portable water:

states that there should be sufficient and proper arrangement for wholesome drinking
water, container legibly marked as “drinking water” and must be kept at place
maintained twenty feet away from washing place, urinals and latrines.

P a g e | 38
Section-59. Toilets and washrooms:
spells out that there should be adequate number of specific type of latrines and urinals
for the workers at the workplace. There should be separate latrines and urinals for
male and female, as well as, there should be proper arrangements for keeping them in

hygienic condition.

Section-60. Dustbin and spittoon

provides that sufficient number of dustbins and spittoons shall be provided in every
establishment at convenient places and these shall be maintained in a clean and
hygienic condition. No person shall throw any dirt or spit within the premises of an
establishment except in such dustbins and spittoons.

The applications of the above major provisions in studied garments factories are
discussed below (Table#1).

P a g e | 39
 Table#01

1. Response Regarding Health & Hygiene Provision of Labor Law

SL Parameters Mean
The dirt & refuge moves daily from the floor, benches
1 4.23
in the work.
The floors of the work room cleaned once in a week by
2 3.47
washing.
The inside walls, partitions, all ceilings, or tops of the
3 rooms, staircase, and passages are printed & varnished 4.91
at least once in every 3 years.
There are adequate provisions for circulation of fresh
4 4.75
air in the every work room.
5 There is reasonable temperature in the workroom. 4.25
6 Proper lighting (natural & artificial) in the workplace. 4.71
Proper arrangements for pure drinking water in the
7 4.83
workplace.
All the toilets are adequately lighted & ventilated with
8 4.29
continuous water supply.
The cleanliness of the toilets & washrooms are
9 4.44
maintained with suitable detergent & disinfectants.
Sufficient number of dustbin & spittoon are available in
10 4.56
the convenient places in a clean & hygienic condition.

Findings

The response show that „the dirt and refuge moved daily from the floors, benches in
the workroom, staircases, and passes daily is maintained regularly (4.23). The floors
are regularly cleaned once in a week (3.47). However, the inside walls, partitions etc.
are also kept cleaned every garments (4.91). The results indicate that the fresh air
circulation arrangement in enough at the work place (4.75) in most of the garments.
And the temperature is comfortable for the worker (4.25).

Study found that lighting condition is at the good level (4.71). The results show that
the proper arrangement for drinking water is up to the legal standard (4.83). The
results also show that the number of latrines and urinals adequately lighted &
ventilated with continuous water supply at the work place are sufficient (4.29) and the
latrines and urinals are kept cleaned regularly in most of the garments (4.44). A very
sufficient placement of the spittoons at the proper places and their regular cleaning
(4.56).

P a g e | 40
From the above discussions, it is very clear that health and hygiene applications of the
labor law act practices in the garments.

Graphical Presentation
Bar Chart

Graph#01: Labor Law Application Regarding Health and Hygiene Provisions

As a measure of working environment in the RMG sector; 66.1% opinion with very
good & 5.8% opinion with good, while 28.1% suggest environment is poor. When
skill and experience labor move to another company in RMG they are familiar to any
environment. Averagely, they are satisfied regarding working environment in RMG
sector.

4.2 Safety and Security Provision

Section-61. Safety of building and machinery

spells out that if an establishment or machinery is in a condition which is dangerous to
human life or safety, then an Inspector may direct the employer in writing to take
appropriate measures which are required to rectify it. When it appears to an Inspector
that the use of any building, or any part thereof or any road, machinery or plant of an
establishment is in imminent danger to human life or safety, he may prohibit its use
until it is properly repaired or altered.

P a g e | 41
Section-62. Precaution as to fire:
of Labor Law Act-2006 provides that every factory building should have adequate
number of „fire exit‟ and they must be marked legibly in red colored letters. There
should be proper fire alarm system to make worker alert at the outbreak of fire in the
factory. During working hours no factory room must not be fastened from outside in
such way that can‟t be opened from inside. There should be adequate and effective
firefighting equipment and the workers must be trained to use them.

Section-63. Fencing of machinery:

provides that in every establishment the machinery, while in motion or in use, shall
be securely fenced by the safeguards of substantial construction. Every moving part of
a prime mover, and every fly wheel connected therewith, every part of an electric
generator, a motor or rotary converter, every part of transmission machinery, very
dangerous part of any machinery should be securely fenced. Without prejudice to any
other provision of this Act relating to the fencing of machinery, every revolving shaft,
spindle wheel or every set screw, bolt and key on any pinion and all spur, worm and
other toothed or friction gearing in motion with which any worker generally comes
into contact such appliances shall be securely fenced to prevent such contact.

P a g e | 42
Section-64. Work on or near machinery in motion:
states that in any establishment, any examination to carry out any mounting or
shipping of belts, lubrication or other adjusting operation while the machinery is
in motion, such examination or operation shall be carried out by a specially trained
male worker, and the tight-fitting cloths shall be worn by that worker, and his
name shall be recorded in the register prescribed in this behalf, and while such
worker is engaged in such works, he shall not handle a belt at a moving pulley, unless
the belt is less than 15 (fifteen) centimeters in a width and its joint is tightened with
flush and lace. The Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, prohibit
cleaning, lubricating, adjusting of any specified moving part of any machinery in any
specified establishment.

Section-65. Striking gear and devices for cutting off power supply:
provides that in every establishment, the suitable striking gear and other efficient
mechanical appliance which shall be used to move driving belts to and from fast and
loose pulleys of the transmission machinery shall be maintained, and such gear or
appliances shall be so constructed, placed and maintained as to prevent the belt from
cropping back on the first pulleys. When any driving belt is not in use, it shall not be
allowed to rest upon any shaft in motion.

Section-66. Automatic machine:

spells out that Where any moving part of an automatic machine and any material
carried thereon in an establishment is in a space over which any person is liable to
pass either for the purpose of duty or for any other reason, it shall not be allowed to
move outward or in ward between 45 (forty-five) centimeters from any fixed
structure which is not a part of such machine.

Section-67. The casing of new machinery:

P a g e | 43
provides that in every power driven machinery installed in an establishment, every set
screw, belt or key, or any revolving shaft, spindle wheel or pinion shall be so sunk,
encased or otherwise effectively guarded so as to prevent danger. All spur, worm and
other toothed gearing, which does not require frequent adjustment while in motion,
shall be completely encased, unless it is so situated as to be safe if it were completely
encased.

Section-68. Cranes and other lifting machinery:

of Bangladesh Labor Act states that in an establishment, all cranes and other lifting
machinery, except hoist and lift, the fixed or movable working gear, ropes, chains
and anchoring or fixing appliances and every part thereof shall be of good
construction with sound material and adequate
strength, properly maintained, thoroughly examined by a competent person at
least once in every 12 (twelve) months and a register shall be maintained
containing particulars prescribed by rules. No such machinery shall be loaded
beyond the working load marked. When any person is working on the wheel-tract of
a traveling crane in any place, where he is likely to be struck by the crane,
effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the crane does not approach within 6
(six) meters of that place.

Section-69. Hoists and lifts:

provides that every hoist and lift in every establishment shall be of good construction
with sound material and adequate strength, properly maintained, thoroughly examined
by a competent person at least once in every 6 (six) months, and a register shall be
maintained containing such particulars, of every examination as may be prescribed
by the rules. The capacity of safe working load shall be clearly written down on
every hoist or lift and no load beyond such load shall be carried. The cage of every
hoist or lift used for carrying persons shall be fitted with a gate on both sides for

P a g e | 44
riding and landing. The highest capacity of every hoist and lift shall be written
legibly in Bangla.

Section-70. Revolving machinery:

states that in an establishment in which the process of grinding is carried on, there
shall be permanently affixed to or placed near, each machine in use a notice indicating
maximum safe working peripheral speed of every grind stone or abrasive wheel,
the speed of the shaft or spindle upon which the wheel is mounted, the diameter of
the pulley upon such shaft or spindle necessary to secure such safe working
peripheral speed. The speeds indicated in the notice shall not be exceeded.

Section-71. Pressure Plant:

provides that in any establishment any part of the plant or machinery used in
manufacturing process is operated at a pressure above the atmospheric pressure,
effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the safe working pressure of such part
is not exceeded.
Section-72. Floors, stairs, and passages:
spells out that in every establishment, all floors, stairs, passages shall be of sound
construction and properly maintained and where necessary strong railing shall be
provided to ensure their safety, and the passages and stairs shall be kept opened for
easy movement during continuance of work. There shall be provided with safe means
of access to every place. passages and stairways shall be clean, wide and clear of all
obstructions. An employer may, for overall safety of the factory and workers, bring
the passages of movements, stairs, gates, godowns and common utility area of the
place of work under close circuit camera.

P a g e | 45
Section-73. Pits, sumps, tunnel mouths, etc.:
provides that in every establishment any fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or tunnel in
such that, by reason of its depth, situation, construction or contents, it may be a
source of danger, it shall be either securely covered or fenced.

Section-74. Excessive weights:

states that no worker shall be allowed in any establishment to lift, carry or move any
load so heavy as to be likely to cause his injury.

Section-75. Protection of eyes:

spells out that the Government may, in respect of any establishment where
manufacturing process is carried on, by rules, require that suitable goggles or eye
screens shall be provided for the protection of eyes of the persons employed therein.
The risk of injury to the eyes from particles or fragments thrown off in the course of
the process, and exposure to excessive light or heat.

Section-76. Power to ascertain defective parts to test their stability:

provides that if it appears to an Inspector that any building, or any part thereof,
or any passage, machinery or plant, of an establishment, is in a condition which
is dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve order in writing, to the
employer of the establishment, to do the following works within the time
specified therein. To supply necessary drawings and other information or particulars
to determine whether such building, passage, machinery or plant may be used with
safety. To carry out necessary tests to determine the strength or quality of any
specific part.

Section-77. Precautionary measures against dangerous fumes:

provides that no person shall enter or be permitted to enter any room, vessel,
hole, pipe, flue or other confined space of any establishment, where the dangerous
fumes are likely to exist to such extent as to involve risks to any person, unless it is
provided with a manhole of such size, as may be prescribed by rules or other effective
means of exit. No portable electric light of a voltage of exceeding 24 (twenty-four)
volts shall be permitted to use inside any confined space and where fumes are likely
to be flamed, no light other than the light made of flame misstating metal shall be
allowed to use in such place. No person shall enter or be permitted to enter any such
confined space of any establishment until all practicable means are taken to remove
fumes from there or prevent access. In every establishment, the suitable breathing
apparatus, reviving apparatus, belts and ropes shall be kept ready for instant use

P a g e | 46
beside any such space and such apparatus shall be periodically examined by a
competent person, and shall be certified by him that it is fit for use, and a sufficient
number of persons employed in every establishment shall be trained and practiced in
the use of all such apparatus and the method of restoring respiration. In any
establishment no person shall be permitted to enter into any boiler, furnace, flue
chamber, tank, pipe or other confined space for the purpose of working or making any
examination therein until it is sufficiently cooled by ventilation or otherwise made it
fir for human entry.

Section-78. Explosive of inflammable gas, dust, etc.:

states that in any establishment gas, fume, dust or vapor produced due to any
manufacturing process is of such character or to such extent which is likely to be
exploded or ignited, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent any such
explosion by effectively enclosing plant or machinery while it is in use, removing or
preventing accumulation of such dust, gas, fume or vapor & effectively enclosing
all possible sources of ignition. Where in any establishment the plant or machinery
used in a process is not so constructed as to withstand the probable pressure which is
produced in the case of such explosion, all practicable measures shall be taken to
restrict the spread and effects of the explosion by the provision of chokes,
baffles, vents or any other effective apparatus in the plant or machinery. Where
any part of the plant or machinery in an establishment contains any explosive or
inflammable gas or vapor under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, that part
shall not be opened except in accordance with the provisions of before fastening
of any joint of any pipe connected with the part of the fastening of the cover of any
opening into the part is loosened, any flow of the gas or vapor into the part or
any such pipe shall be effectively stopped by a stop-valve or other means.

P a g e | 47
Section-78A. Requirements to use personal safety equipment:
states that no authority shall engage any worker in work without providing him with
personal safety equipment and ensuring uses thereof and a record book shall be
maintained in this behalf by the employer in the prescribed manner. If any personal
safety equipment is supplied but not used, the worker concerned shall be liable.
Every worker shall be made aware of the hazards of work through training in order to
ensure the protection and safety of his professional health in the place of work.

The applications of the major provisions of safety and security in studied garment
factories are discussed below (Table#02).

Table#02

2. Response Regarding Safety Provision of Labor Law

SL Parameters Mean
11 Safety condition of the building & machinery. 4.34
12 Adequate number of fire exits in the workplace. 4.50
13 Adequate arrangements of fire alarming. 4.84
14 Adequate numbers of fire-fighting equipment. 4.83
15 Workers are trained to use the fire-fighting equipment. 4.84
16 Only adult trained person work with machinery in motion. 4.55
Young person (over 14 but below 18 years) works in
17 4.48
cranes & other lifting machinery.
18 The workers require to take excessive weight 2.20
Protection of eyes has taken properly in case of risk of
injury from particles thrown off in the course of
19 4.22
manufacturing process or from the exposure to excessive
heat or light
20 Workers are using personal safety equipment. 4.40

Findings

The results show that the safety condition of the building & machinery is good (4.34).
An adequate number of fire exits at the work place (4.50). However, the respondents
feel that there is a sufficient arrangement of fire alarming in the garments (4.83) and
the firefighting equipment are adequate in numbers (4.84) and the workers are also
trained in handling firefighting equipment (4.55).

The study results also show that only the adult-trained person work with machinery in
motion in garments (4.55). Young person (over 14 but below 18 years) works in

P a g e | 48
cranes & other lifting machinery (4.48). The results show that workers are not
allowed to take excessive weight (2.20). Protection of eyes has taken properly in case
of risk of injury from particles thrown off in the course of manufacturing process or
from the exposure to excessive heat or light (4.22). Workers are using personal safety
equipment (4.40).

It is very clear that safety training and awareness development is least emphasized in
garments sector in Bangladesh.

Graphical Presentation
Pie Chart

Response Regarding Safety Provision

Not Avilable

Inadequate Safety Equipment &

Practice
Adequate Safety Equipment &
Practice

Graph#02: Labor Law Application in Regarding Safety and Security Provisions

The above graphical presentation shows that 85% maintained the adequate safety and
security practices, 10%maintained the merely safety and security practices and 5%
has negligence about safety.

P a g e | 49
4.3 Health & Safety Special Provisions

Section-79. Dangerous operation:

spells out that the Government is satisfied that any operation carried on in an
establishment exposes any person employed in it to a serious risk of bodily injury,
poisoning or disease, then such establishment is to declare which operations are
hazardous & prohibit the employment of women, adolescents or children in such
operation. Employer needs to provide for regular medical examination of persons
employed in such operation and to prohibit the employment of persons not certified to
be fit for such employment. To provide for protection of all persons employed in the
operation or in the vicinity of such places and to use any specified materials or
processes in connection with the operation and give notice of any corrosive chemicals
and of precautions to be taken in their use.

Section-80. Notice to given of an accident:

provides that when any accident occurs in an establishment causing loss of life or
bodily injury, or an accidental explosion, ignition, outbreak of fire or irruption of
water or fumes occurs, the employer shall give notice of the occurrence to the
Inspector within following 2 (two) working days. Where an accident occurs causes
bodily injury resulting in the compulsory absence from work of the person injured for
a period exceeding 48 (forty-eight) hours, it shall be entered in a register prescribed
by rules. The employer shall send to the Chief Inspector a copy of the entries in the
register within 15 (fifteen) days following the 30th day of June and the 31st day of
December in each year.

Section-81. Notice of certain dangerous occurrences:

states that where in an establishment, any dangerous occurrence of a nature
prescribed by rules occurs, whether causing any bodily injury or not, the employer
shall inform the Inspector by notice within the following three working days.

Section-82. Notice of certain diseases:

spells out that where in an establishment any worker contacts any disease specified in
the Second Schedule, the employer or the concerned worker or any person specified
by him in this behalf shall inform the Inspector by a notice in such form and within
such time as may be prescribed by rules. If any registered medical practitioner, while

P a g e | 50
giving treatment to an existing or previous worker of an establishment, finds that he is
suffering or suspects to be suffering from any disease specified in the Second
Schedule, the said medical practitioner shall forthwith inform by a report in writing to
the Inspector.

Section-83. Power to direct for an inquiry into cases of accident or

disease:
provides that When any accidental explosion, ignition, outbreak of fire or irruption of
water or any other accident occurs in an establishment, or when any disease specified
in the Second Schedule breaks out or is suspected to be broken out, and if the
Government thinks that a formal enquiry into the causes of, and the circumstances
appearing in, the accident or disease is necessary, it may appoint a competent person
to hold such enquiry, and may appoint any person who has special knowledge in law
or concerned matter as an assessor during enquiry. The person holding enquiry shall
have all the powers of a Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure for the purpose
of enforcing the attendance of witnesses and compelling the production of documents
and other things, and if any person is required by him to furnish any information for
the purpose of enquiry, he shall be deemed to be legally bound to do so within the
meaning of section 176 of the Penal Code. The person holding enquiry may exercise
any of the powers of an Inspector under this Act, as he may think necessary to
exercise, for the purposes of the enquiry. The person holding the enquiry shall submit
a report to the Government and shall record in that report the causes of the accident
and the circumstances relating thereto, and shall state any observation that he or the
assessor, may have. The Government shall publish the report at such time and in such
manner as may be prescribed by it.

Section-84. Power to take Sample:

provides that an Inspector may, at any time during the normal working hours of an
establishment, by giving information to the employer, take in the manner hereinafter
describing, a sample of any substance used or brought for use in the establishment, if
it appears to him that such substance is being used in contravention of the provisions
of this Act or the rules, or is likely to cause bodily injury or harm to the workers of the
establishment. Where any Inspector takes such sample, he shall, in the presence of
the employer, unless he willfully absents himself, divide the sample into 3 (three)
portions and effectively seal and properly mark every portion of it, and shall also
permit the employer to add his own seal and mark thereon. The employer shall, if the
Inspector so requires, provide the appliances for dividing and sealing and marking the
sample. The Inspector shall give one portion of the sample to the employer forthwith,
send the second portion to a Government analyst for analysis and to give report
thereon, and keep the third portion to himself for production to the Court, if any
criminal proceedings is instituted in respect of the substance of the sample.

P a g e | 51
Section-85: Powers of Inspector in case of certain dangers:
states that in respect of any matter for which no express provision is made in this Act,
it appears to an Inspector that any establishment or any part thereof or any matter or
practice therein or connected therewith or controlled thereby is dangerous to human
life or safety, or is so defective as likely to cause bodily injury to the people, he may,
by a notice in writing, inform the employer relating thereto and order to remove those
things which are dangerous or injurious or defective, within such time and in such
manner as may be specified in the notice. The Inspector may direct the employer in
writing without prejudice any order of any establishment not to extract or reduce any
pillar of his establishment or of any part thereof, if in his opinion, such operation is
likely to cause the crushing of any other pillar or the premature collapse of any part of
the establishment or endanger the establishment. If the Inspector is of opinion that
there is imminent danger to the life or safety of any person employed in any
establishment, he may, by an order in writing to the employer concerned stating the
grounds of his opinion, prohibit the employment of any person in the establishment or
any part thereof, until he is satisfied that the danger is removed, but this order shall
not apply to the person who is employed to remove such danger. Any employer
aggrieved by an order may prefer an appeal against such order to the Chief Inspector
within 10 (ten) days of the receipt of the order, who may confirm, modify or cancel
the order. The Inspector shall, in respect of each order, report forthwith to the
Government, and shall inform the employer concerned of the report so furnished. The
Chief Inspector shall report forthwith to the Government any order, except the order
of cancellation made by him, and shall also inform the employer concerned of the
report so furnished. Any employer who has any objection against any order made
under this section shall within 20 (twenty) days of receipt of such order, inform the
Government in writing, stating the objection and reasons, therefore, and the
Government shall send it to a committee for decision. The employer shall comply
with the order against which objection has been made until the decision of the
committee is received.

Section-86. Providing information about dangerous building and

machinery:
provides that where any worker of an establishment finds that any building or
machinery thereof, which is ordinarily used by the workers, is in such a dangerous
condition that it is likely to cause bodily injury to any worker at any time, he shall
immediately inform the employer of it in writing. If, on the receipt of such
information, the employer fails to take appropriate measures on this matter within 3
(three) days and any worker is injured due to use of such building or machinery, he
shall be liable to pay compensation to the worker so injured at the rate of double of
the compensation payable for such injury.

P a g e | 52
Section-87. Restriction of employment of women in certain work:
states that the provisions of sections 39, 40 and 42 of Bangladesh Labor Act-2006
shall apply to a woman worker as they apply to an adolescent worker.

Section-88. Power to make rules to supplement the chapter:

provides that the Government may, by rules, give direction to make further
provisions and to take further measures for securing the safety of the workers
employed in any establishment; prohibit the running of any manufacturing process
using power in any building until a certificate of strength of such building by a person
having such qualification and in such form, as may be prescribed by rules, is reached
to the Chief Inspector.
The applications of the above provisions in studied garments sectors are discussed
below (Table#03).
Table#03

3. Response Regarding Health, Hygiene & Safety Special Provisions of

Labor Law

SL Parameters Mean
Workers are being provided regular medical examination in
21 4.88
case of dangerous operation.
22 Register is maintained for any accident. 4.51
Notice to certain dangerous occurrences have been informed to
23 4.52
Inspector.
Notice to certain diseases have been informed to Inspector &
24 necessary treatment is arranged for suffering worker by 4.50
employer.
The person who is appointed to hold any enquiry in case of
25 accident or disease has exercised power for impartial 4.39
investigation report.
An inspector may take the sample of any substance if he thinks
26 that the substance is likely to cause bodily injury or harm to 4.45
the workers.
Powers of Inspector in case of certain dangers are used
27 4.78
properly.
28 Condition of building & machinery. 4.23
Any damage of building & machinery is rectified in past 5
29 4.70
years.
Women or adolescent worker is working in dangerous
30 2.41
operation.

P a g e | 53
Findings

The results show that Workers are being provided regular medical examination in
case of dangerous operation (4.88) & register is maintained for any accident (4.51).
Notice to certain dangerous occurrences (4.52) & notice to certain diseases have been
informed to Inspector & necessary treatment is arranged for suffering worker by
employer (4.50).

The results show that the person who is appointed to hold any enquiry in case of
accident or disease has exercised power for impartial investigation report (4.39). An
inspector may take the sample of any substance if he thinks that the substance is likely
to cause bodily injury or harm to the workers (4.45). Powers of Inspector in case of
certain dangers are used properly (4.78). The condition of building & machinery is in
good & running condition (4.23). Any damage of building & machinery is rectified in
past 5 years (4.70). Women or adolescent worker is working in dangerous operation
in a nominal range (2.41).

The application of health & safety special provisions gives an overall picture at the
garments sector of Bangladesh. Most of the provisions are perceived by the
respondents are found on an average.

Graphical Presentation

Bar Chart

Graph#03: Labor Law Application in Frequency Regarding Health and Safety

Special Provisions

P a g e | 54
The above graphical presentation shows that employer & employee maintained the
health & safety special provisions satisfactorily 44.6%, 27.3% maintained in an
average and around 28.1% not maintained the health & safety provisions properly

P a g e | 55
Summary of Findings

P a g e | 56
5.1 Summary of Findings

The study of the Implementation of Health & Safety Provisions as per Labor Law in
RGM sector of Bangladesh shows that in some cases the existing law is effectively
implicated and in some of the cases there is a substantial lack of application of the
laws in the work place.

From the response about health and hygiene provision, the response show that the dirt
and refuge moved daily from the floors, benches in the workroom, staircases and
passes daily is maintained regularly. The floors are regularly cleaned once in a week.
However, the inside walls, partitions etc. are also kept cleaned every garments. The
results indicate that the fresh air circulation arrangement in enough at the work place
in most of the garments. And the temperature is comfortable for the worker.

Study found that lighting condition is at the good level. The results show that the
proper arrangement for drinking water is up to the legal standard. The results also
show that the number of latrines and urinals adequately lighted & ventilated with
continuous water supply at the work place are sufficient and the latrines and urinals
are kept cleaned regularly in most of the garments. A very sufficient placement of the
spittoons at the proper places and their regular cleaning.

From the response about safety and security provision, the results show that the safety
condition of the building & machinery is good. An adequate number of fire exits at
the work place. However, the respondents feel that there is a sufficient arrangement
of fire alarming in the garments and the firefighting equipment are adequate in
numbers and the workers are also trained in handling firefighting equipment.

The study results also show that only the adult-trained person work with machinery in
motion in garments. Young person (over 14 but below 18 years) works in cranes &
other lifting machinery. The results show that workers are not allowed to take
excessive weight. Protection of eyes has taken properly in case of risk of injury from
particles thrown off in the course of manufacturing process or from the exposure to
excessive heat or light. Workers are using personal safety equipment.

From the response about health and safety special provision, the results show that
Workers are being provided regular medical examination in case of dangerous
operation & register is maintained for any accident. Notice to certain dangerous
occurrences & notice to certain diseases have been informed to Inspector & necessary
treatment is arranged for suffering worker by employer.

The results show that the person who is appointed to hold any enquiry in case of
accident or disease, has exercised power for impartial investigation report. An

P a g e | 57
inspector may take the sample of any substance if he thinks that the substance is likely
to cause bodily injury or harm to the workers. Powers of Inspector in case of certain
dangers are used properly. The condition of building & machinery is in good &
running condition. Any damage of building & machinery is rectified in past 5 years.
Women or adolescent worker is working in dangerous operation in a nominal range.

Finally the overall response of the workers regarding the authority‟s proper
maintenance of the application of law in terms of health and safety relating to
garments at work place is found to be satisfactory standard in most of the cases.
Hence it can be concluded that the management at the workplace properly maintain
overall application of labor laws in terms of health & safety in the RMG sector in
Bangladesh.

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 Recommendations
1. It is recommended that a tripartite committee to should be exist in all garments
factories with representation from workers, entrepreneurs and the government to
formulate labor laws in terms of workplace health & safety that may be suitably
implemented in the factories.
2. Now BGMEA concentrating for the well-being of the workers: health
insurance for the workers, medical facilities, child care facilities and workplace
safety. It can also arrange training of the workers which will increase the productivity
of new workers & ensures the safety working environment.
3. RMG factories should ensure proper production and official layout with
perfect place materials, tools. Factory inspectors must have to be more active in these
issues.
4. To be competitive, industries should comply with international standard code,
such as ISO or imported countries standard code.
5. Factories should have effective fire distinguisher and separate and adequate
space for entrance and exit of the workers. All factories must have to design an
intense fire fighting drill program in regular interval.
6. RMG industries should ensure health, safety and standard work environment
for the employees. In this case, organizations should provide proper ventilation,
sufficient light and air.
7. Garments factory owners are trying to use fire rated doors or fire resistance
door in their factories. Here government and customs must have to take the initiative
to speed up the import processes of those doors.
8. Very Few factory owners didn't follow the building code properly and
government should keep eye on those establishments which they think create potential
risk for the workers.

Findings from my study generally suggest that the conditions of the garments workers
are not as precarious as often portrayed in newspaper or any other articles or papers.
In the case of work and social environment pertaining to the garments workers, a
number of problem areas have been identified and recommendations have been
suggested to solve these problems.

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7. Conclusion

The study looked into the overall health & safety conditions of the garments worker
and overviewed the Bangladesh Labor Law-2006. Workers were interviewed through
a set of a structured questionnaire. A total of 40 employees comprised of workers,
staffs, and management selected from 02 garments, who all were interviewed. The
workers selected randomly of the selected garments.

The study of the application of the health & safety provisions as per Labor Law Act
2006 in the RMG sector of Bangladesh shows that some provisions such as Health
and Hygiene, general cleanliness, maintenance of building & machinery, drinking
water, sanitary, use of PPE, safety, and security, fire drill, precaution from fire
accidents are fairly apply in the work place in garments. But some provisions such as
special provision regarding health & safety are not properly implemented in the work
place in garments.

Much of the working conditions would improve if the Labor Law reform was
approved and enforced. The change include proper space for work station, pure
drinking water, sufficient lighting system, use of PPE, safety measures & safety
equipment. This provision would certainly help improve the working conditions of
the RMG sectors if they are properly enforced and this will ensures the effective labor
law Implementation in terms of health & safety in the RMG sectors of Bangladesh.

The international textile business is tremendously competitive. In the context of

growing competition among RMG exporting countries and consumer preference for
products that meet internationally recognized standards, it is essential for
Bangladesh‟s RMG suppliers to improve compliance in their factories. RMG
authorities in Bangladesh should implement effective policies on housekeeping,
material storage, and handling, work station design, safety & security. RMG is,
however, the most flourishing sector in Bangladesh and it would be imperative that
each and every issue related to improvement of productivity as well as quality is
strictly followed to survive in the global market.

International pressure is growing against the government of Bangladesh, apparel

brands and factory owners in Bangladesh. Bangladesh‟s garments sector may not be
able to withstand another tragedy on the scale of Tazreen and Rana Plaza. The surest
way to guarantee the success of the apparel industry is to avoid another disaster by
promoting and protecting labor rights now, while the world‟s attention is on
Bangladesh. The present opportunity to improve working conditions in Bangladesh
cannot be squandered.

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Reference(s)

1. Plummy Fashion Ltd‟, 2, Retrieved on 14 November 2017 from

http://www.knitconcern.com
2. Garments merchandising, 2015, Readymade Garments Industry of
Bangladesh, Retrieved on 14 November 2017 from
http://www.garmentsmerchandising.com/readymade-garments-industry-of-
bangladesh/
3. Zaman etal., 2013, Readymade Garments Industry (RMG) Sector in
Bangladesh: Is Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) provision will be regulated
by the Entrepreneurs or Government?, Research Journal of Economics & Business
Studies, 2(4), February, pp.28-31.
4. Siddiqi, H.G.A., 2004, The Readymade Garment Industry of Bangladesh, 1st
Edition, The University Press Limited, pp.68-69, 74 & 104.
5. Mamun & Rashid, 2015, Health and Safety Environment of Readymade
Garment Industry in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Plummy Fashions Ltd. Limited,
Research Journal of Health and Safety Environment of Readymade Garment Industry
in Bangladesh, 4(1), pp.71-72 & 80-81.
6. Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006.
7. Bangladesh Labor Rules, 2015.

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