MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

8! (8)(7)(6!)
1. Ten percent of 450 is 20% of what =
6! 6!
number?
= (8)(7) = 56
Solution:
5. If A = {2, 3, 5, 7}, B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10},
and C = {3, 6, 9} find (A B) C.
(10%)(450) = (20%)(x)
(0.1)(450) = (0.2)(x)
Solution:
45 = 0.2x
x = 45(5) = 225
The union of two sets is the set of
elements that appear in either set,
2. Let r and s be the roots of x2 – 9x + 7
while their intersection is the set of
= 0. Find r + s + rs.
elements that appear in both sets.
Thus,
Solution:
A B = {2, 3, 5, 7} {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
{2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10} and
The equation with r and s as roots is
(A B) C = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10}
x2 – (r + s)x + rs = 0.
{3, 6, 9}
= {3, 6}
The sum of the roots (r + s) is 9 while
their product rs is 7.
6. If the first two terms of an arithmetic
sequence are 3 and 7 respectively,
Therefore, r + s + rs = 9 + 7 = 16.
find the 10th term.
3. How many integers between 60 and
Solution:
600 are divisible by 7?
The formula for getting the term in
Solution:
an arithmetic sequence is an = a1 +
(n – 1)d
The number of integers less than 600
is 600 ÷ 7 = 85.
a1 = 3 and a2 = 7. The value of d is 7
– 3 = 4 since they are consecutive.
We exclude the numbers less than
The tenth term (n = 10) is computed
60. These are 7, 14, 21, …, 56.
as follows:
Thus, there are 85 – 8 = 77 such
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
numbers.
a10 = 3 + (10 – 1)4
8! a10 = 3 + (9)4
4. Simplify: a10 = 3 + 36 = 39
6!

Solution: 7. If the 1st and 5th terms of an

arithmetic sequence are -5 and 7,
1

Using the definition n! = n(n – 1)!, we

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respectively, find the sim of the first

have 21 terms.

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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

5 1 1
r = √- =-
Solution: 32 2

Using the formula for arithmetic The 4th term (n = 4) is computes as

sequence, we can solve as follows. follows:

If n = 5, a1 = -5 and an = 7, an = a1rn – 1
an = a1 + (n – 1)d 1 4–1 1 3
a4 = 4 - =4 -
7 = -5 + (5 – 1)d 2 2
1 1
7 = -5 + 4d a4 = 4 - =-
8 2
12 = 4d
d=3 9. Three numbers form an arithmetic
sequence with common difference
The sum of terms of an arithmetic 15. If the first is increased by 3, and
n
sequence is defined as Sn = (2a1 + the third by 21, a geometric
2
(n – 1)d). With a1 = -5, d = 3 and n = sequence is formed. Find the first
21, we have number of the arithmetic sequence.
n
Sn = (2a1 + (n – 1)d) Solution:
2
21
S71 = (2(-5) + (21 – 1)3)
2 In arithmetic sequence, if a1 = x,
21
S71 = (2(-5) + (20)3) then a2 = x + 15 and a3 = x + 30. The
2
21 a1 of a geometric sequence is x + 3,
S71 = (-10 + 60)
2 a2 is still x + 15, and a3 is x + 30 + 21
21
S71 = (50) or x + 51. A sequence {a1, a2, a3} is
2
a a
S71 = 21(25) = 525 said to be geometric if 2 = 3. Thus,
a1 a2

8. The 1st and 6th terms of a geometric x + 15 x + 51

1 =
sequence are 4 and - , respectively. x+3 x + 15
8 (x + 15)(x + 15) = (x + 3)(x + 51)
Find the 4th term.
x2 + 30x + 225 = x2 + 54x + 153
30x + 225 = 54x + 153
Solution:
-24x = -72
x=3
The term of a geometric sequence
is defined as the formula an = a1rn – 1.
Therefore, the first number is 3.
1
If n = 6, a1 = 4 and an = - , 10. Find the sum of the infinite
8
8
an = a1 rn – 1 geometric series 9 – 6 + 4 – + …
1 3
- = 4r6 – 1 = 4r5
8
1
2

- = r5
32
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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

Solution: Solution:

The sum of infinite geometric If n = 5,

a
sequence is defined as S = an = 2n + 2n
1–r
6 2 a5 = 2(5) + 25
where |r| < 1. a1 = 9 and r = =- . an = 10 + 32 = 42
-9 3

The sum of the series is If n = 2,

a
S= an = 2n + 2n
1–r
9 9 a5 = 2(2) + 22
S= 2 = 2 an = 4 + 4 = 8
1– - 1+
3 3
9 3
S= =9
5
3
5 Therefore, a5 – a2 = 42 – 8 = 34.
27
S=
5
13. If P(x3) = 4x9 – 7x6 + 2x3 – 27, find
P(x).
11. An infinite geometric sequence with
sum 12 has first term 8. Find the first
Solution:
term of this series that is less than 1.
To get P(x), take the inverse of x3 to
Solution:
“undo” the expression and change
1
S = 12 and a1 = 8. Using the formula to x. The inverse of x3 is x3 .
a
in the previous problem, S = , we
1–r 1

have Replacing all x to x3 , we have

a
S=
1–r P(x3) = 4x9 – 7x6 + 2x3 + 27
8
12 = 1 3 1 9 1 6 1 3
1–r P (x )
3 = 4(x ) – 7(x ) + 2(x ) +
3 3 3
12(1 – r) = 8
12 – 12r = 8 27
-12r = -4 P(x) = 4x3 – 7x2 + 2x + 27
1
r=
3
14. Find the remainder when P(x) = 2x3
1 + 5x2 – 3x – 4 is divided by x + 2.
Listing down the terms with r = , we
3
8 8
have the sequence 8, , , … The first Solution:
3 9
8
term which is less than 1 is .
9 We use the Remainder Theorem to
find the remainder by finding P(c) if
12. In a sequence {an}, an = 2n + 2n. Find P(x) is divided by x – c. Thus we find
a5 – a2. P(-2) for this problem because of
3

the divisor x – (-2).

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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

P(-2) = 2(-2)3 + 5(-2)2 – 3(-2) – 4 Solution:

= 2(-8) + 5(4) – 3(-2) – 4
= -16 + 20 + 6 – 4 = 6 We use Rational Roots Theorem to
find all possible rational roots of a
15. What is the coefficient of x in the polynomial equation. Let p be the
quotient when p(x) = 4x3 – 17x2 + 8x factor of a constant term, q be the
+ 11 is divided by x – 3? factor of a leading coefficient (the
p
term with the highest power) and
q
Solution:
be the possible rational root.
Applying this, we have
Using synthetic division, we have
p = factors of 2 = ±1, ±2
3 4 -17 8 11
q = factors of 2 = ±1, ±2
12 -15 -21 p 1
= ± , ±1, ±2
4 -5 -7 -10 q 2

p
The quotient is 4x2 – 5x – 7 remainder Testing some possible values of ,
q
-10 and hence, the coefficient of x
we have -2 as a root because
is -5.
-2 2 5 1 -2
16. Find the constant k if x – 2 is a factor
-4 -2 2
of f(x) = 3x4 – kx3 + kx2 – 13x + 6.
2 1 -1 0
Solution:
We have depressed equation 2x2 +
x – 1 = 0. Solving it for x, we have
Since x – 2 is a factor of f(x), f(2) = 0
2x2 + x – 1 = 0
by Remainder Theorem. With x = 2
(x + 1)(2x – 1) = 0
and f(2) = 0, we have
x + 1 = 0; 2x – 1 = 0
x = -1; 2x = 1
f(x) = 3x4 – kx3 + kx2 – 13x + 6 1
x = -1,
0 = 3(2)4 – k(2)3 + k(2)2 – 13(2) + 6 2
0 = 3(16) – k(8) + k(4) – 13(2) + 6
0 = 48 – 8k + 4k – 26 + 6 The roots of 2x3 + 5x2 + x – 2 = 0 are -
1
0 = -4k + 28 2, -1, and and thus, the largest root
2
4k = 28 1
is .
k=7 2

17. Find the largest root x of 2x3 + 5x2 + 18. If p(x) is a 3rd degree polynomial
x – 2 = 0. and p(-2) = p(2) = p(-1) = 0, and
p(1) = -18, find p(3).
4
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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

Solution:
Solution:
If p(c) = 0, then c is a zero of p(x)
and x – c is a factor of p(x). Since two lines intersect at P on y-
axis, we can say that both lines
In the problem above, we say that - have their y-intercepts. Let b be
2, 2 and -1 are all zeros of p(x), and their y-intercepts.
p(x) = a(x + 2)(x – 2)(x + 1) where a is
the constant. With x = 1 and p(x) = - Using y = mx + b, if m = 3, then y1 =
18, we can solve for a. 3x1 + b and if m = -4, then y2 = -4x2 +
b.
p(x) = a(x + 2)(x – 2)(x + 1)
-18 = a(1 + 2)(1 – 2)(1 + 1) To get the x-intercept, set y = 0.
-18 = a(3)(-1)(2) Thus,
-18 = -6a y1 = 0 = 3x1 + b
a=3 -b = 3x1
b
x1 = -
3
Thus,
y2 = -4x2 + b
p(x) = 3(x + 2)(x – 2)(x + 1)
-b = -4x2
p(3) = 3(3 + 2)(3 – 2)(3 + 1) b
p(3) = 3(5)(1)(4) = 60 x2 =
4

19. Find the polynomial with smallest The distance between their x-
possible degree and all of whose intercepts is 14, thus, x2 – x1 = 14.
coefficients are integers, with the Solving for b, we have
leading coefficient positive and as x2 – x1 = 14
b b
small as possible, if it has √2 and 2 4
- - = 14
3
as zeros. b b
12 + = (14)
4 3

Solution: 3b + 4b = 7b = 168
b = 24
Let x = √2 and x = 2. Equating each
Therefore, 24 is their y-intercept, in
of them to 0, we have x = √2  x2 =
which their intersection P is 24 units
2  x2 – 2 = 0 and x = 2  x – 2 = 0.
away from the origin.
Multiplying them gives
21. The midpoint of P(7, -1) and R is
(x2 – 2)(x – 2) = 0
(10.5, 2). Find the coordinates of R.
x3 – 2x2 – 2x + 4 = 0
Solution:
20. Two lines, with slopes 3 and -4,
intersect at point P on the y-axis. If
5

The midpoint of two points (x1, y1)

their x-intercepts are 14 units apart,
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and (x2, y2) is defined as (xM, yM) =

find the distance of P from the origin.

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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

x1 + x2 y1 + y2
, . This is known as
2 2
23. Find the center of the circle with
Midpoint Formula.
equation x2 + y2 + 8x – 14y + 60 = 0.
Let (x, y) be the coordinates of R.
Solution:
Since the midpoint is given, we (xM,
yM) = (10.5, 2). Solving for R, we have
x1 + x2 The equation of the circle in center-
xM =
2 radius form is (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
7+x
10.5 = where (h, k) be the coordinates of
2
21 = 7 + x the center and r the length of the
x = 14 radius.
y1 + y2
yM =
2 Rewrite the given equation into
-1 + y
2= center-radius form.
2
4 = -1 + y
y=5 x2 + y2 + 8x – 14y + 60 = 0
x2 + 8x + y2 – 14y = -60
Thus, R has coordinates (14, 5). x2 + 8x + 16 + y2 – 14y + 49 = -60 + 16
+ 49
22. Find the radius of the circle with (x + 4)2 + (y – 7)2 = 5
center (-3, 5) and which passes
through the origin. The center is (-4, 7).

Solution: 24. Give the equation (in center-radius

form) of the circle having as a
To compute for the radius, find the diameter the segment with
distance between the center and endpoints (-2, 10) and (4, 2).
either of the points on the circle by
using Distance Formula d = Solution:
2 2
√(x2 – x1 ) + (y – y ) . The endpoints of the diameter have
2 1
given coordinates, so their midpoint
Plugging the points (-3, 5) and (0, 0), is the center of the circle. Using
we have Midpoint Formula, the center has
2 2 coordinates
d = √(x2 – x1 ) + (y2 – y1 )
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
2 2 ,
r = √(0 – (-3)) + (0 – 5) 2 2
-2 + 4 10 + 2
= ,
2 2 2 2
r = √(0 + 3) + (0 – 5) =
2 12
,
2 2
2 2
r = √3 + (-5) = √9 + 25 = (1, 6)
6
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r = √34

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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

To compute for the radius, find the

distance between the center and Therefore, the required point has
either of the points (-2, 10) or (4, 2) coordinates (0, 8).
by using Distance Formula d =
2 2 26. If θ is an angle in a triangle, and cos
√(x2 – x1 ) + (y – y ) . We use the 5
2 1 θ = , find csc θ.
13
center and (4, 2) for our purpose.
Solution:
2 2
d = √(x2 – x1 ) + (y2 – y1 )
2 2
r = √(4 – 1) + (2 – 6)
2 2
r = √3 + (-4)
r = √9 + 16 = √25
r=5
Use SOH-CAH-TOA to easily
Therefore, the equation of the circle remember the ratios of certain
is (x – 1)2 + (y – 6)2 = 52 or (x – 1)2 + (y trigonometric functions. We use
– 6)2 = 25 in center-radius form. CAH because cosine is involved.
adjacent 5
cos A = =
25. Find the coordinates of the point on hypotenuse 13

y-axis having the same distance

from (-8, 7) as from (-4, 1). Note the trigonometric identity csc
1
θ = . We’re going to find sin θ
sin θ
Solution: first.

Since the missing point is on y-axis, it To get the opposite side of a right
should be (0, y). The distance triangle, we use Pythagorean
between (0, y) and (-8, 7) is equal to Theorem.
the distance between (0, y) and (-4, (opposite)2 + (adjacent)2 =
1). Using distance formula, we have (hypotenuse) 2

(opp)2 + 52 = 132
Distance between (0, y) and (-8, 7) (opp)2 + 25 = 169
= Distance between (0, y) and (-4, (opp)2 = 144  opp = 12
1)
2 2
√(-8 – 0) + (7 – y) = √(-4 – 0) + (1 – y)
2 2 Now we can find sin θ.
opposite 12
SOH  sin θ = =
hypotenuse 13
(-8)2 + (7 – y)2 = (-4)2 + (1 – y)2
64 + 49 – 14y + y2 = 16 + 1 – 2y + y2 1 13
113 – 14y = 17 – 2y Thus, csc θ = 12 = .
12
7

13
-12y = -96
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y=8

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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

27. In ΔABC, BC = 6, CA = 7, and AB = 8. Solution:

sin C
Find .
sin A

Solution:

In solving triangles (sides and

angles), use the formula for Law of
Sines.
BC AC AB
= =
sin A sin B sin C

But since sin C and sin A is involved,

BC AB Use the formula (TP)(TQ) = (TR)(TS)
we use only = . With BC = 6
sin A sin C
for two intersecting chords. Since RS
and AB = 8, we have
BC AB bisects PQ at T, TP = TQ.
=
sin A sin C
6 8
= Substituting the given values, we
sin A sin C
have
6 sin C = 8 sin A
sin C 8 4 (TP)(TP) = (3)(6)
= = TP2 = 18
sin A 6 3
TP = √18 = 3√2 = TQ
28. In ΔABC, AB = 3, AC = 4, and ∠A =
60°. Find BC. Note that TP + TQ = PQ. Therefore,
PQ = 3√2 + 3√2= 6√2.
Solution:
30. A line through a point A outside a
Notice that since ∠A is between AB circle is tangent to the circle at D.
and AC, we use Law of Cosines. Another line through A intersects the
BC2 = AB2 + AC2 – 2(AB)(AC)cos A circle at points B (closer to A) and
BC
C. If = 2 and AD = 6, find AC.
Substituting the given values, we AB
have
BC2 = 32 + 42 – 2(3)(4)(cos 60°) Solution:
1
BC2 = 32 + 42 – 2(3)(4)
2
BC2 = 9 + 16 – 12 = 13
BC = √13

29. In a circle, chord PQ is bisected by

chord RS at T. If RT = 3 and ST = 6,
find PQ.
8
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If a tangent and a secant lines are

drawn to a circle with their common

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MMC 2018 Elimination Round
point outside the circle, then we use
the formula AD2 = (AB)(AC) for this
case.
The ratio of BC to AB is 2, so BC = 2x
and AB = x for some number x. Note
that AC = AB + BC.
Substituting into the formula, we
have
AD2 = (AB)(AC)
AD2 = (AB)(AB + BC)
62 = x(x + 2x)
36 = x(3x)
36 = 3x2
12 = x2
x = √12 = 2√3
AB = 2√3
BC = 2(2√3) = 4√3
Therefore, AC = 2√3 + 4√3 = 6√3
31. Triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle.
If arc AC = 146° and arc BC = 104°,
find ∠BCA.
Solution:
The vertices of a triangle divide into
3 arcs, and their sum is 360°. Thus,
arc AB + arc AC + arc BC = 360°.
Since arc AC and arc BC are given,
arc AB = 360 – (146 + 104) = 110°.
The measure of an inscribed angle is
one-half of its intercepted arc.
∠BCA is an inscribed angle with its
intercepted arc AB. Thus, if arc AB =
110°, then ∠BCA = 55°.
32. Square ABCD is inscribed in a circle,
and a point P is chosen on arc AB.
Find ∠APB.
mbalvero
Grade 10
Solution:
The vertices of a square divide into
four equal arcs of a circle, each
measuring 90°. The inscribed ∠APB
intercepts three arcs, namely arc
BC, arc CD and arc AD whose sum
of their measures is 3(90) = 270°.
If the major arc formed by those
three arcs measures 270°, then its
inscribed ∠APB measures 135°.
33. A triangle having sides √31, √33,
and 8 units is inscribed in a circle.
Find the circumference of the circle.
Solution:
The side length of a triangle seems
to be a right triangle because
a2 + b 2 = c 2
2 2
(√31) + (√33) = 82
31 + 33 = 64
64 = 64
The hypotenuse of a inscribed right
triangle is the diameter of the circle
which has the length 8.
9
The circumference of the circle is
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given C = πd and it is 8π units.
MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

endpoints of a chord. We formed a

34. In a circle, chords AB and CD
intersect at E. If arc AC = 120° and
arc BD = 20°, find ∠AEC.
Solution:
right triangle with these two radii
and a chord with half of its length.
The longer radius will be the
hypotenuse and the shorter one will
be one of its legs.

Let x be the length of the required

chord. Using Pythagorean Theorem,
the half of the length of a chord
can be computed as follows:
a2 + b 2 = c 2
x 2
52 + = 132
2
x2
25 + = 169
In two intersecting chords, the arc 4
x2
AC and arc BD are the intercepts of = 144
4
the vertical angles ∠AEC and ∠BED, x2 = 576
respectively, and ∠AEC = ∠BED = x = 24 units
1
(arc AC + arc BD). Therefore, ∠AEC
2
1 1 n! 2 4
= (120 + 20) = (140) = 70°. 36. Find n if = .
2 2 n + 1 !(n – 1)! 5

35. Two concentric circles have radii 5 Solution:

and 13 units. Find the length of a
chord of the larger circle which is Using the definition n! = n(n – 1)!, we
tangent to the smaller circle. have
n! 2 4
=
Solution: n + 1 !(n – 1)! 5
(n!)(n!) 4
=
(n + 1)!(n – 1)! 5
(n!)(n)(n – 1)! 4
=
(n + 1)(n!)(n – 1)! 5
n 4
=
n+1 5
5n = 4(n + 1)
5n = 4n + 4
n=4

37. In an experiment having 20 sample

points, event A has 13 sample
Draw the radius of the smaller circle points. At least how many sample
that is perpendicular to the chord
10

points should event B have to

and draw the radius of the larger guarantee that A and B are not
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circle that meets one of the mutually exclusive?

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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

digit can be placed any of the 4

Solution: remaining digits, third digit by 3
digits and the fourth digit by 2 digits.
Two events are mutually exclusive if Thus, there are (5)(4)(3)(2) = 120
A and B have no sample points in such numbers.
common. In symbols, A B = Ø. Two
events are not mutually exclusive if For Problems 40 to 41:
n(A B) = 1, at least. A photographer needs to
arrange 7 students for a club
Using the Addition Rule whose picture. A requirement is that the
formula is n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – 3 officers of the club must always
n(A B) with n(A B) = 20 and n(A) be together.
= 13, we have
n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)
40. How many arrangements are
20 = 13 + n(B) – 1
possible?
20 = 12 + n(B)
n(B) = 8
Solution:
Therefore, event B must have at
A requirement for taking a club
least 8 sample points to satisfy the
picture is to make 3 club officers
condition.
together in a row. Meaning, they
take as a single, grouped unit. The
38. In how many ways can 4 different
other 4 represents 4 units taken
books be arranged in a shelf?
individually, thus there will be 5 units
to arrange.
Solution:
- There are 5! = 120 ways to
The number of ways to arrange n
arrange 5 units in a picture.
things is n!. Thus, 4 books can
- There are 3! = 6 ways to arrange
arrange in 4! or 24 ways.
3 persons themselves in a single
unit.
39. How many four-digit positive
Therefore, there are (120)(6) = 720
integers can be formed using the
arrangement possible for a club
digits 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 if no digit can
picture.
be repeated?
41. How many arrangements are
Solution:
possible if Job and Tim (neither is an
officer) should be placed at the
There are 5 digits to choose (namely
opposite ends of the row.
2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) to form a four-digit
11

number. The first digit can be

placed any of the 5 digits. Since no
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digit can be repeated, the second

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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

Solution: objects taken r at a time, we

compute the number of possible
As stated, 3 club officers took as a committees.
single unit; the other 4 are 4
individual units. But Job and Tim n = 16, r = 6
n!
should place into opposite ends (2 C(n, r) =
r!(n – r)!
units taken). The other 2 individual 16!
units and a grouped unit can be C(16, 6) =
6!(16 – 6)!
arranged themselves between (16)(15)(14)(13)(12)(11)(10!)
=
them. (6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)(10!)
= (8)(7)(13)(11) = 8,008
- Job and Tim can exchange their
positions, hence there are 2 43. How many committees can be
ways. formed if there should be 3
- The 3 other units (2 individual and members chosen from each
1 grouped) can arrange barangay?
themselves between Job and
Tim. Thus there are 3! = 6 units Solution:
- There are 3! = 6 ways to arrange
3 persons themselves in a single This means that 3 members belong
unit. to Barangay A while another 3
Therefore, there are 2(6)(6) = 72 belong to Barangay B. Solving the
arrangements possible to meet the number ways for each city using
condition. Combination formula, we have

Barangay A: n = 7, r = 3
For Problems 42 to 43: 7!
A committee of 6 members is to C(7, 3) =
3!(7 – 3)!
be formed from 7 Barangay A 7 6 5 4!
=
residents and 9 Barangay B 6 4!

residents. = (7)(5) = 35

Barangay B: n = 9, r = 3
42. How many committees can be 9!
C(9, 3) =
formed? 3!(9 – 3)!
9 8 7 6!
=
6 6!
Solution:
= (3)(4)(7) = 84
A committee of 6 members can to
Since two barangays are
be formed from a total of 16
independent, multiply the number
residents (7 + 9), regardless their
of ways from both barangays.
barangay they came from. Thus, by
12

Hence, (35)(84) = 2,940.

using Combination formula C(n, r) =
n!
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, where n is the number of

r!(n – r)!

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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

44. Two fair dice are rolled. What is the From 1 to 24, there are 12 even
probability that a die shows 2 while numbers and 12 odd numbers. Using
the other shows an odd prime counting principle, there are 12 × 12
number? = 144 ways to pick such pair of slips.

144 12
Solution: Hence, the probability is or .
276 23

If a die has 6 possible outcomes,

46. If a slip of paper is picked from the
two dice has (6)(6) = 36.
box, find the probability that is even
or a multiple of 3.
As the event stated in the problem,
one die shows a 2, another one
Solution:
shows either 3 or 5. The possible
outcomes are shown in ordered
Let n(A) be the number of even
pairs: (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2) and (5, 2).
numbers from 1 to 24 (which is 12)
Therefore, the probability of the
4 1 and n(B) be the number of multiples
event is 0r . of 3 from 1 to 24 (which is 8). The
36 9
common of two events A and B is
For Problems 45 to 46: the sample point when a number is
The numbers 1, 2, …, 24 are each both even and multiple of 3 (which
written on a slip of paper which are 6, 12, 18 and 24), thus, n(A B) =
are then placed in a box. 4.

Using Addition Rule, the number of

45. If two slips are picked at the same
sample points n(A B) is
time from the box, find the
n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)
probability that one number even
n(A B) = 12 + 8 – 4 = 16
and the other is odd.
16 2
Therefore, the probability is or .
Solution: 24 3

First, we’re going to find the number 47. In a class of Grade 10 students, the
of ways to pick 2 slips of paper at probability that a randomly chosen
the same time. Using Combination student likes dogs is 0.72, that a
formula with n = 24 and r = 2, we student likes cats is 0.54, and a
have student likes dogs or cats is 0.89.
Find the probability that a student
24! likes both cats and dogs.
C(24, 2) =
2!(24 – 2)!
24 23 22!
= Solution:
2 22!
13

= (12)(23) = 276 ways

Let D be the students who likes
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dogs, P(D) = 0.54, while C are those

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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

30 3
who like cats, P(C) = 0.72. Also, P(D Therefore, the probability is or .
50 5
C) = 0.89.
49. What is the probability that an
Using the Addition Rule, we can
employee is a woman, if it is known
solve for P(D ∩ C) where D ∩ C likes
that this employee does not wear
both cats and dogs.
glasses?
P(D C) = P(D) + P(C) – P(D ∩ C)
Solution:
0.89 = 0.72 + 0.54 – P(D ∩ C)
0.89 = 1.26 – P(D ∩ C)
If 20 of the employees wear glasses,
-P(D ∩ C) = -0.37
30 don’t. Among 30 female
P(D ∩ C) = 0.37
employees, 20 of them are not
wearing glasses. If it is known that
For Problems 48 to 49: an employee does not wear
Among the 50 employees of a glasses, the probability that an
company, 30 are women. Half of 20 2
employee is a woman is or .
the men wear glasses while only 30 3

a third of the women wear

glasses.
48. What is the probability that a
randomly selected employee is a
man or wears glasses?
50. A rectangle has sides four and 6
units. On each of its four sides,
squares are drawn externally. Their
centers form another quadrilateral.
What is the area (in sq. units) of this
quadrilateral?

Solution: Solution:

A company has 50 employees. If 30

of the employees are women, 20
employees are men. Half of the
men wear glasses which is 10 while
a third of the women wear glasses
which is also 10. Thus, there are 20
employees who wear glasses.

Let A be the male employees and B

are the employees who wear
glasses. A B be the male
employees with glasses. With n(A) =
20, n(B) = 20 and n(A B) = 10, we
have
14

The quadrilateral seems to be

n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B) formed by four triangles and a
n(A B) = 20 + 20 – 10 = 30.
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rectangle given.

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MMC 2018 Elimination Round Grade 10

- Two large triangles with height 3

units and base 6 units each.
- Two smaller triangles with height
2 units and base 4 units each.
- The given rectangle with length 6
units and width 4 units.

The area of a quadrilateral is the

combined areas of smaller shapes
stated above. Thus,

(3)(6) (2)(4)
A=2 +2 + (6)(4)
2 2
A = 18 + 8 + 24 = 50 sq. units

15
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