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Philippine Electronics Code - Volume 1 PDF
Philippine Electronics Code - Volume 1 PDF
Electrical Hazards
Lightning – an electrical discharge which occurs between clouds and also
from cloud to earth.
Power contact / induction
Acoustic Shock – results from abnormally high sound level, the physical
effects of which may vary from minor discomfort to serious injury.
Electric Shock – current through the body rather than voltage of the circuit
determines electric shock intensity. Voltage is significant only in so far as
it is one of the factors determining the magnitude of current.
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GENERAL ENGINEERING & APPLIED SCIENCES
Protection Methods
Shielding – it is the provision of a grounded electrical conducting material
located such that foreign potential will be intercepted and surge currents
diverted to ground with the least damage to plant equipment possible.
Voltage Limiting – prevents development of hazardous potential
difference in communication plant by direct bonding, when permissible or
by use of surge arresters, discharge gaps, diodes, etc. which operate
under abnormal voltage condition.
Current Limiting and Interrupting – current in a circuit can be kept from
rising above a predetermined value by the use of a fuse in series with a
circuit. When current flows through a fuse for a specified time with a
magnitude greater than its rating, the fuse will interrupt the current.
Grounding and Bonding – used to divert undesired currents before they
reach the equipment being protected and often are installed both at and
some distance away from the protected equipment.
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Surge Arresters – these are normally open circuited devices and pass no
significant current at normal operating potentials.
Grounding and Bonding - provides certain level of safety to humans and
property in case of equipment damages.
Measurements
Ground Resistance Test Methods – measurement procedures that is simple
and straight forward and the instruments are mostly direct reading.
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GENERAL ENGINEERING & APPLIED SCIENCES
Never take hold of two wires or a wire or rod or probe in such a way that
you complete a circuit through yourself.
Loading Zones
Heavy Loading Zone – this loading shall be taken as the resultant stress
due to wind and dead weight for 240 kph wind velocity.
Medium Loading Zone - this loading shall be taken as the resultant stress
due to wind and dead weight for 200 kph wind velocity.
Light Loading Zone - this loading shall be taken as the resultant stress due
to wind and dead weight for 160 kph wind velocity.
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GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
POWER SOURCES
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case, the grounds may be insulated from each other except at the final
point of earth connection at the master ground bar or earth electrode.
Power cables are sized to limit the voltage drop due to resistance of the
cable and hole heating of the cables to a safe limit. The limits of
minimum voltage are critical to the operation of the equipment; therefore,
it is important that voltage drops in the cabling be carefully controlled.
Attempt should be made to limit the overall voltage drop from the battery
to the working equipment to a maximum of one volt. The final selection of
cable size should be generous since the calculation makes no allowance
for voltage drop due to items such as fuses, switches, etc.
Various battery voltage may be derived by connecting a number of cells
in series and in all cases the rule required is not violated. (See Electrical
Hazards).
Frames of battery chargers, battery enclosures if provided, and all
exposed metallic structures shall be bonded together and grounded,
meeting the required rule. (See Electrical Hazards).
Caustic soda or either acid neutralizing agents should be stored and
available in battery rooms for use in accidental electrolyte or acid
spillage.
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GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
DEFINITION OF TERMS
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Attachments – all of the plant elements (cables, cross-arms,
brackets, etc) which are fastened to a supporting
structure such as a pole.
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GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
Guy Exposed – a guy which has any part less than 2.5 meters
from the vertical plane of any electric power
conductor of more than 250 volts.
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GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
Telecommunication – any transmission, emission or reception of signs,
signals, writings, images, sounds or intelligence of
any nature by wire, radio, visual or other
electromagnetic system or such other system that
may in the future become known or developed.
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GENERAL ENGINEERING & APPLIED SCIENCES
1. An electrical discharge which occurs between clouds and also from cloud
to earth.
A. Thunder
B. Lightning
C. Corona
D. Aurora
2. Results from abnormally high sound level, the physical effects of which
may vary from minor discomfort to serious injury.
A. Electrical Shock
B. Super Sonic
C. Acoustic Shock
D. Sonic Boom
A. current
B. voltage
C. resistance
D. conductance
A. 10 000 ohms
B. 100 000 ohms
C. 1 000 ohms
D. 100 ohms
A. 0.010
B. 0.11
C. 0.030
D. 0.33
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GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
A. 45V RMS AC
B. 12V RMS AC
C. 24V RMS AC
D. 50V RMS AC
A. 150V DC
B. 45V DC
C. 135V DC
D. 160V DC
8. The potential difference at any time between two points on the floor or
earth surface separated by a distance of one pace, or about one meter,
in the direction of maximum potential gradient shall be no greater than
_______.
A. Grounding
B. Shielding
C. Bonding
D. current limiting
A. Current limiting
B. Resistance limiting
C. Grounding
D. Voltage Limiting
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11. The current in a circuit can be kept from rising above a predetermined
value by the use of a fuse in series with a circuit.
A. Current limiting
B. Resistance limiting
C. Grounding
D. Voltage Limiting
12. This is used to divert undesired currents before they reach the
equipment being protected and often are installed both at and some
distance away from the protected equipment.
A. Current limiting
B. Resistance limiting
C. Grounding
D. Voltage Limiting
A. Ground Resistance
B. Ground Electrode
C. Ground Path
D. Resistance Path
14. For equipment locations, antenna towers, and all allied installations, the
ground resistance must never exceed ______.
A. 25 ohms
B. 3 ohms
C. 43 ohms
D. 5 ohms
15. For outside plant telephone poles and manholes as well as customer
premises, the ground resistance must never exceed _____.
A. 25 ohms
B. 3 ohms
C. 43 ohms
D. 5 ohms
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GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
A. Ground pole
B. Lightning Rods
C. Guy
D. Made Ground
A. fuse
B. Lightning rod
C. Surge arrester
D. Grounding
19. These are normally open circuited devices and pass no significant
current at normal operating potentials.
A. fuse
B. Lightning rod
C. Surge arrester
D. Grounding
A. fuse
B. Lightning rod
C. Surge arrester
D. Bonding or grounding
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A. Ground resistance
B. Earth Resistivity
C. Cubic resistance
D. Earth density
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GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
26. This loading shall be taken as the resultant stress due to wind and dead
weight for 240 kph wind velocity.
27. This loading shall be taken as the resultant stress due to wind and dead
weight for 200 kph wind velocity.
28. This loading shall be taken as the resultant stress due to wind and dead
weight for 160 kph wind velocity.
30. Lead acid or similar gas emitting battery installations where the
aggregate power exceeds ______5 kilowatts shall be located in a
properly ventilated room separated from the equipment room or location
where people are staying.
A. 5 kW
B. 10 kW
C. 1 kW
D. 15 kW
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A. oil
B. kerosene
C. flour
D. Caustic soda
A. Bond
B. Short
C. Fuse
D. Guy
34. The vertical space reserved along the side of a pole or tower to permit
ready access for linemen to equipment and conductors located thereon.
A. Stairway
B. Climbing Space
C. guy
D. pole
35. Insulated wires, used to run a subscriber’s line from the terminal on the
pole to the protector at the house or building.
A. main line
B. main cable
C. dropline
D. dropwire
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A. damaged
B. hazard
C. fault
D. short
38. An apparatus so treated such that it will not maintain a flame or will not
be injured readily when subjected to flame.
A. Flame Proof
B. Flame Retarding
C. Burn proof
D. Anti Flame
39. A property of materials or structures such that they will not convey flame
or continue to burn for longer times than specified in the appropriate
flame test.
A. Flame Proof
B. Flame Retarding
C. Burn proof
D. Anti Flame
40. A discharge through air, around or over the surface of solid, liquid or
other insulation, between parts of different potential of polarity, produced
by the application of voltage such that the breakdown path becomes
sufficiently ionized to maintain an electric arc.
A. Aurora
B. Corona
C. Flashover
D. Arc
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GENERAL ENGINEERING & APPLIED SCIENCES
A. short
B. jumper
C. ground
D. link
A. Bond
B. Short
C. Fuse
D. Guy
43. A guy extending from a pole or structure or tree and is sometimes called
a span guy.
A. Overhead guy
B. Anchor guy
C. bla guy
D. Guy post
A. Manhole
B. Rathole
C. Handhole
D. finger hole
A. Lightning ball
B. Lightning Arrester
C. Fuse
D. Lightning Protector
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GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
46. A subsurface chamber, large enough for a person to enter, in the route of
one or more conduit runs, and affording facilities for placing and
maintaining in the runs, conductors, cables and any associated
apparatus.
A. Manhole
B. Rathole
C. Handhole
D. finger hole
47. Stranded steel wires in a group which generally is not a part of the
conducting system, its primary function being to support wires or cables
of the system.
A. guy
B. support
C. conduit
D. messenger
48. A general term applied to the whole or portion of the physical property of
a communication company which contributes to the furnishing of
communication service.
A. zone
B. area
C. plant
D. division
49. A metallic rod, driven into the ground to provide an electrical connection
to the earth.
A. Lightning rod
B. Ground rod
C. Drop ground
D. radials
50. A metallic rod carried above the highest point of a pole or structure and
connected to earth by a heavy copper conductor intended to carry
lightning currents directly to earth.
A Lightning arrester
B. Lightning rod
C. Breaker
D. Lightning gap
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51. The installation from the terminal on the pole to the protector at the
customer’s premises.
A. Service drop
B. Subscriber’s loop
C. Main line
D. Local drop
52. The horizontal displacement of a point on the tower axis from its no-wind
load position at that elevation.
A. Tower displacement
B. Tower sway
C. Tower Twist
D. Tower bend
53. The angular displacement of a tangent to the tower axis at the elevation
from its no-wind load position at that elevation.
A. Tower displacement
B. Tower sway
C. Tower Twist
D. Tower bend
54. The horizontal angular displacement of the tower from its no-wind
position at that elevation.
A. Tower displacement
B. Tower sway
C. Tower Twist
D. Tower bend
A. underneath
B. underground
C. earth mat
D. under earth
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