Coordinates: 40°09′21″N 26°24′49″E

Çanakkale
Çanakkale (pronounced [tʃaˈnakkaˌle]) is a city and seaport in Turkey, in Çanakkale Province, on the southern (Asian)
coast of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. The population of the town is 186,116 (2014 estimate).[3] The current
Çanakkale
mayor is Ülgür Gökhan (CHP). Municipality

Çanakkale is the finishing point every year for an organised swim across the Hellespont from Eceabat. This event
emulates the swim in 1810 by Lord Byron, who was himself emulating the legendary swim by Leander in the story of
Hero and Leander.

The city is the nearest major town to the site of ancient Troy. The "wooden horse" from the 2004 movie Troy is exhibited
on the seafront.

A view of city center

Contents
Name
Çanakkale
Legends
History
Notable people from Çanakkale
Education
Coordinates: 40°09′21″N 26°24′49″E
Transportation
Country Turkey
Communication
Province Çanakkale
Climate
Government
Gallery
• Mayor Ülgür Gökhan (CHP)
Twinships
Area[1]
See also
• District 937.82 km2
References (362.09 sq mi)
External links
Population (2012)[2]
• Urban 111,137
• District 143,041
Name • District 150/km2 (400/sq mi)
density
Çanakkale is the name for a site earlier known as Kale-I-Sultaniye, which was adopted as the official term for the town in
1890, though current a century earlier.[4] Çanakkale was an Ottoman fortress called Kale-i Sultaniye (Ottoman Turkish: Vehicle 17
registration
‫ )ﻗﻠﻌﺔ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬or Sultaniye kalesi (Fortress of the Sultan). From the late 17th century it also became known for its fine-
glazed pottery, Çanakkale ceramics, compared by one traveler to Delftware hence the later name Çanak kalesi 'pot Website www.canakkale.bel.tr
fortress'. The Greek Byzantine name for Çanakkale ‫ ﭼﯿﻨﮏ ﻗﻠﻪ‬was Δαρδανέλλια, Dardanellia,[5] from which the English
name Dardanelles is derived.

As of 1920, the British began to call Çanakkale,Chanak and Kale Sultanie in their reporting.[6]

Legends
Ancient Abydos, where the story of Hero and Leander takes place, is to the north of Çanakkale.

History
The first inhabitants of the area, which hosted many civilizations, lived on the Biga Peninsula in the Last Chalcolithic Age c.
6000 years ago. However, very little is known about the identity and lifestyle of these early settlers. According to some
excavations and research, the earliest settlements in the region were established at Kumtepe. It is supposed that Kumkale was
established in 4000 BC andTroy between 3500–3000 BC.

Aeolian Greeks settled on the land in the 8th century BC and established trade colonies in the region called Aeolis. The region
came under the control of theLydians in the 7th century BC and under the control of the Persians in the 6th century BC. Aeolis
went under the control of the Ancient Macedonian armyas Alexander the Great defeated the Persians by the Granicus River of
the region in the Battle of the Granicus on his way to Asia. The region came under the reign of the Kingdom of Pergamon in
the 2nd century BC. This is the Trojan horse that appeared
in the Brad Pitt movie, now in the
Çanakkale itself was built as a fortress in 1462 by Mehmed II Fatih, who gave it the name Kale-I Sultaniye, since one of the town of Çanakkale nearTroy
Sultan's sons had collaborated in its construction.[4] Sited on a bay at the narrowest point of the strait, it, together with another
nearby fort, Kilid Bahr, provided an excellent position for controlling traffic through the Dardanelles. The two forts were
quickly called in the travel literature "The Castles", and a town developed to the north-east, settled by Armenian refugees and Spanish Jews.
From the Renaissance period onwards, after their expulsion from Spain, Jewish refugees settled in Çanakkale and formed a
sizeable community which thrived by supplying Mediterranean shipping in the region with provisions and acting as consular
agents for many European nations. Down to the late 19th century they retained Spanish as a mother-tongue. Some 1,805 Jews
were registered there in 1890, out of a population of 10,862, the rest being Muslims (3,551), Orthodox Greeks (2,577),
Armenians (956) and assorted foreigners (2,173).,[4]

The western part of the Biga Peninsula where ancient Troy is situated was called Troas. Alexandria Troas, an important
settlement of the region, was a free trade port and a rich trade center during Roman times. Later in the 2nd century AD, the
region was attacked by Goths from Thrace. During the 7th and 8th centuries, in order to attack Constantinople the Arabs
View of the harbour in Çanakkale
passed the strait a few times and came up to Sestos. At the beginning of the 14th century the Karasids dominated the Anatolian
part of the strait. During the first half of that century Demirhan Bey from Karasids attempted to dominate the region. The
Ottomans gained control of Gallipoli in 1367.

In 1915, during the First World War, British Empire and France attempted to secure the waterway through the Straits and
ultimately capture Constantinople. Known as The Gallipoli Campaign, or the Dardanelles Campaign, in Turkey it is referred to
as the Battle of Çanakkale (Turkish: Çanakkale Savaşı), during March 1915 when the Royal Navy failed to force the
Dardanelles and suffered severe losses. During a series of operations, HMS Triumph, HMS Ocean, HMS Goliath, HMS
Irresistible and the French battleship Bouvet were all sunk. The French submarine Q84 Joule and the Australian submarine
AE2 were also destroyed and several other important ships were crippled too. Most of the damage was inflicted by mines,
though a German U-Boat and Turkish small craft contributed too.
Çanakkale ferry line across the
As of 1920, the city was estimated to have a population of approximately 22,000. An active port city, it was a stopping point Dardanelles
for vessels traveling through the strait, as it had been in the ancient past. It was described as lacking quality accommodations
and resources for those passing through by the British who visited the region. Exported goods from the city included wine,
hides, pottery, ceramic tiles and grain.[6]

Notable people from Çanakkale

Nuri Bilge Ceylan (film director)
Metin Erksan (film director)
Ali Teoman Alpay (composer)
Tevfik Rüştü Aras (Turkish foreign minister) Çanakkale fortress
İbrahim Bodur (entrepreneur)
Mustafa Tutkun (humanitarian activist)
Güney Dal (writer)
Tahir Musa Ceylan (novelist/philosopher)
Aslihan Gurbuz (actress)

Education
The service of education throughout the city is above the country average. There are 13 high schools and a college within the boundaries of the city. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart
University has 12 faculties, 4 institutes, 9 4-year colleges, 14 vocational schools and serves more than 52,000 students in the all area. 30 percent of the city population are
college graduates.

Transportation
Çanakkale has one airport, which is 3 km from the city centre, serving since 1995. Anadolu Jet, a trademark of Turkish Airlines, and Borajet has flights from Istanbul and
Ankara seven days a week.

Çanakkale is linked to north, east, and south by well-paved highways numbered E87/E90/ , E90/D200, and E87/D550 respectively. There are buses from Istanbul and
Izmir at any time, day or night. It takes five and a half to six hours to get from Istanbul to Çanakkale, and about the same time from Izmir
.

Communication
North of Çanakkale at40°10′17.66″N 26°24′34.34″E, there is a guyed mast used for the maritime LF-transmitter TBG, working on 53.4 kHz.

Climate
Çanakkale has a mediterranean climatewith hot and dry summers and cool and rainy winters. Snow falls ordinarily every winter
.
 Climate data for Çanakkale
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high 19.9 21.2 24.2 26.1 32.1 36.8 39.0 38.6 35.4 31.7 25.2 22.5 39
°C (°F) (67.8) (70.2) (75.6) (79) (89.8) (98.2) (102.2) (101.5) (95.7) (89.1) (77.4) (72.5) (102.2)
Average 9.6 9.8 12.3 16.9 22.4 27.7 30.6 30.3 26.0 20.5 15.4 11.3 19.4
high °C (°F) (49.3) (49.6) (54.1) (62.4) (72.3) (81.9) (87.1) (86.5) (78.8) (68.9) (59.7) (52.3) (66.9)
Daily mean 6.2 6.5 8.3 12.5 17.5 22.4 25.0 24.8 20.8 16.0 11.9 8.4 15
°C (°F) (43.2) (43.7) (46.9) (54.5) (63.5) (72.3) (77) (76.6) (69.4) (60.8) (53.4) (47.1) (59)
Average low 3.3 3.4 5.0 8.7 12.9 17.1 19.8 19.9 16.1 12.3 8.2 5.3 11
°C (°F) (37.9) (38.1) (41) (47.7) (55.2) (62.8) (67.6) (67.8) (61) (54.1) (46.8) (41.5) (51.8)
Record low −8.6 −11.2 −8.4 −1.3 3.4 8.4 11.6 11.6 8.2 0.4 −2.8 −7.2 −11.2
°C (°F) (16.5) (11.8) (16.9) (29.7) (38.1) (47.1) (52.9) (52.9) (46.8) (32.7) (27) (19) (11.8)
Average
85.3 66.2 65.8 47.3 32.1 23.1 14.6 6.9 21.9 58.0 89.1 102.4 612.7
precipitation
(3.358) (2.606) (2.591) (1.862) (1.264) (0.909) (0.575) (0.272) (0.862) (2.283) (3.508) (4.031) (24.121)
mm (inches)
Average
10.9 10.3 9.0 8.4 5.6 4.3 3.6 2.1 3.6 6.6 9.1 12.1 85.6
rainy days
Mean
monthly
105.4 123.2 170.5 219.0 294.5 333.0 365.8 350.3 267.0 195.3 132.0 93.0 2,649
sunshine
hours

Source: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü [7]

Gallery

Çanakkale Trojan Horse Çanakkale in 1915 Dardanelles on the Kitab- Portion of the legendary A British war monument
ı Bahriye walls of Troy (VII) for the Battle of Gallipoli,
1915

Çanakkale Clock Tower Aynalı Çarşı View from Dardanelles Hadrian Statue from Çanakkale Martyrs'
strait Troia IX (BC 85 AD 450), Memorial
found in the Odeon, Troy
(Ilium), Çanakkale
Museum

Troian horse Çanakkale First World Çanakkale University

War Cemetery Strategic Research
Centre
Twinships
Pomezia, Italy
Osnabrück, Germany
Wellington, New Zealand

See also
Battle of Gallipoli
Güzelyalı, a nearby town
Chanak Crisis

References
1. "Area of regions (including lakes), km²"(http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/Bolgesel/menuAction.do?dil=en). Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute.
2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
2. "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012"
(http://rapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2&ENVID=adnksdb2Env&rep
ort=wa_turkiye_ilce_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=17&p_kod=1&p_yil=2012&p_dil=2&desformat=html) . Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS)
Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
3. Statistical Institute (http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&ENVID=adnksdb2Env&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=17&p_yil=2010&p_
dil=2&desformat=html)
4. J.M.Cook, The Troad:An Archaeological and Topological Survey, Clarendon Press Oxford 1973 p.53, and n.3.
5. Régis Darques, Salonique au XXe siècle: De la cité ottomane à la métropole grecque,editions CNRS 2000 p.299.
6. Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia (http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/76/). London: H.M. Stationery Office.
7. İl ve İlçelerimize Ait İstatistiki Veriler- Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=CANAKKALE)

Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Editions.v. Dardanelles (town).

External links
Çanakkale (in Turkish)
Çanakkale Özel website (in Turkish)
Çanakkale Haberleri (in Turkish)
Pictures of the town and sub-galleries to major sights
An overview of memorials, cemeteries and relics of the Gallipoli campaign
, in Turkish known as the Çanakkale wars.

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