Professional Documents
Culture Documents
04 01 PAIR of LINES PDF
04 01 PAIR of LINES PDF
04 01 PAIR of LINES PDF
com
CHAPTER 4
TOPICS:
5.Equation of pair of lines passing through given point and parallel/perpendicular to the
given pair of lines.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES
Let L1=0, L2=0 be the equations of two straight lines. If P(x1,y1) is a point on L1 then it satisfies the
equation L1=0. Similarly, if P(x1,y1) is a point on L2 = 0 then it satisfies the equation.
If P(x1,y1) lies on L1 or L2, then P(x1,y1) satisfies the equation L1L2= 0.
∴ L1L2= 0 represents the pair of straight lines L1 = 0 and L2 = 0 and the joint equation of
L1 = 0 and L2 = 0 is given by L1. L2 = 0.-----(1)
On expanding equation (1) we get and equation of the form ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 which is a
second degree (non - homogeneous) equation in x and y.
Definition: If a, b, h are not all zero,then ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 is the general form of a second degree
homogeneous equation in x and y.
Definition: If a, b, h are not all zer, then ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is the general form of a second
degree non - homogeneous equation in x and y.
THEOREM
If a, b, h are not all zero and h 2 ≥ ab then ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 represents a pair of straight lines
passing through the origin.
Proof:
Case (i) : Suppose a = 0.
Given equation ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 reduces to 2hxy + by 2 = 0 ⇒ y (2 hx + by ) = 0 .
∴ Given equation represents two straight lines
y = 0 -- (1) and 2 hx + by = 0 -- (2) which pass through the origin.
Case (ii): Suppose a ≠ 0 .
Given equation ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0
⇒ a 2 x 2 + 2ahxy + aby 2 = 0
⇒ (ax) 2 + 2(ax)(hy ) + (hy ) 2 − (h 2 − ab) y 2 = 0
⇒ ( ax + hy ) 2 − ( y h 2 − ab ) 2 = 0
( ) (
⎡ ax + y h + h 2 − ab ⎤ ⎡ ax + y h − h 2 − ab ⎤ =0
⎣⎢ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ ⎦⎥ )
∴Given equation represents the two lines
ax + hy + y h 2 − ab = 0 , ax + hy − y h 2 − ab = 0 which pass through the origin.
Note 1: If h 2 > ab , the two lines are distinct.
Note 2: If h 2 = ab , the two lines are coincident.
Note 3: If h 2 < ab , the two lines are not real but intersect at a real point ( the origin).
Note 4: If the two lines represented by ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 are taken as l1 x + m1 y = 0 and l2 x + m2 y = 0 then
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 ≡ (l1 x + m1 y ) ( l2 x + m2 y ) ≡ 1 2 x 2 + (1m2 + 2 m1 ) xy + m1m2 y 2
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Equating the co – efficients of x2, xy and y2 on both sides, we get l1l2 = a , l1m2 + l2 m1 = 2h , m1m2 = b.
THEOREM
−2h
If ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 represent a pair of straight lines, then the sum of slopes of lines is and
b
a
product of the slopes is .
b
Proof:
Let ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 represent the lines l1 x + m1 y = 0 -- (1) and l2 x + m2 y = 0 -- (2). Then
l1l2 = a , l1m2 + l2 m1 = 2h , m1m2 = b.
l1 l
Slopes of the lines (1) and (2) are − and − 2 .
m1 m2
−l1 −l2 l m +l m 2h
sum of the slopes = + =− 1 2 2 1 =−
m1 m2 m1m2 b
⎛ −l ⎞⎛ l ⎞ l l a
Product of the slopes = ⎜ 1 ⎟⎜ − 2 ⎟ = 1 2 =
⎝ m1 ⎠⎝ m2 ⎠ m1m2 b
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
2 h 2 − ab
Note 2: If θ is the accute angle between the lines ax + 2hxy + by = 0 then tan θ = ±
2 2
and
a+b
2 h 2 − ab
sin θ =
( a − b) 2 + 4h 2
CONDITIONS FOR PERPENDICULAR AND COINCIDENT LINES
1.If the lines ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 are perpendicular to each other then θ = π 2 and cos θ = 0 ⇒ a + b = 0 .
i.e., co-efficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 = 0.
BISECTORS OF ANGLES.
THEOREM
The equations of bisectors of angles between the lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 , a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0
a1 x + b1 y + c1 a2 x + b2 y + c2
are =± .
a12 + b12 a22 + b22
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
⎛ l x + m y l x + m y ⎞⎛ x + m y x + m y ⎞
⎜ 1 1
− 2 2 ⎟⎜ 1 1
+ 2 2 ⎟
=0
⎜ l 2 + m2 l 2
+ m 2 ⎟⎜
2
+ m 2
2
+ m 2 ⎟
⎝ 1 1 2 2 ⎠⎝ 1 1 2 2 ⎠
2 2
⎛ l x+m y ⎞ ⎛l x+m y⎞
⇒⎜ 1 1 ⎟ −⎜ 2 2 ⎟
=0
⎜ l 2 + m2 ⎟ ⎜ l 2 + m2 ⎟
⎝ 1 1 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠
( ) (
⇒ l22 + m22 (l1 x + m1 y ) 2 − l12 + m12 (l2 x + m2 y ) 2 = 0 )
⎣ ( ) (
⎦ ⎣ ) (
⇒ x 2 ⎡l12 l22 + m22 − l22 l12 + m12 ⎤ y 2 ⎡ m22 l12 + m12 − m12 l22 + m22 ⎤
⎦ ) ( ) ⎣ ( ) (
−2 xy ⎡l2 m2 l12 + m12 − l1m1 l22 + m22 ⎤ = 0
⎦ )
⎛ 2
+ l2 m2 m12 − l1m1l22 − l1m1m22 ⎞ = 0
( ) (
⇒ x 2 l12l22 + l12 m22 − l12l22 − l22 m12 − y 2 l12 m22 + m12 m22 − m12l22 − m12 m22 ) −2 xy ⎜⎝ l2 m2l1 ⎟
⎠
( )
⇒ x 2 l12 m22 − l22 m12 − y 2 l12 m22 − l22 m22 ( ) = 2 xy [l1l2 (l1m2 − l2 m1 ) − m1m2 (l1m2 − l2 m1 )]
( )
⇒ ( x 2 − y 2 ) l12 m22 − l22 m12 = 2 xy ( l1l2 − m1m2 )( l1m2 − l2 m1 )
⇒ a( x − x0 )2 + 2h( x − x0 )( y − y0 ) + b( y − y0 )2 = 0
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
THEOREM
The equation to the pair of lines passing through the origin and perpendicular to ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 is
bx 2 − 2hxy + ay 2 = 0 .
Let ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 represent the lines l1 x + m1 y = 0 -- (1) and l2 x + m2 y = 0 -- (2).
Then l1l2 = a , l1m2 + l2 m1 = 2h , m1m2 = b.
The equation of the line perpendicular to (1) and passing through the origin is m1 x − l1 y = 0 -- (3)
The equation of the line perpendicular to (2) and passing through the origin is m2 x − l2 y = 0 -- (4)
The combined equation of (3) and (4) is
(m1 x − l1 y )(m2 x − l2 y ) = 0
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
⎛ m1n −l1n ⎞
∴A=⎜ , ⎟ = ( x1 , y1 )
⎝ l1m − lm1 l1m − lm1 ⎠
⎛ m2 n −l2 n ⎞
B=⎜ , ⎟ = ( x2 , y2 )
⎝ l2 m − lm2 l2 m − lm2 ⎠
1
∴The area of ΔOAB = x1 y2 − x2 y1
2
⎛ m1n ⎞⎛ −l2 n ⎞ ⎛ m2 n ⎞⎛ −nl1 ⎞
=
1⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟−⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
⎝ l1m − lm1 ⎠⎝ l2 m − lm2 ⎠ ⎝ l2 m − lm2 ⎠⎝ l1m − lm1 ⎠
2
1 l1m2 n2 − l2 m1n 2
2 ( l1m − lm1 )( l2 m − lm2 )
n2 (l1m2 − l2 m1 )
2 l1l2 m − (l1m2 + l2 m1 )lm + m1m2l 2
2
n2 4h 2 − 4ab
=
2 am2 − 2hlm + bl 2
n2 h2 − ab
=
am2 − 2hlm + bl 2
THEOREM
The product of the perpendiculars from ( α , β ) to the pair of lines ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 is
aα 2 + 2hαβ + bβ 2
(a − b)
2
+ 4h 2
Proof:
Let ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 represent the lines l1 x + m1 y = 0 -- (1) and l2 x + m2 y = 0 -- (2).
Then l1l2 = a , l1m2 + l2 m1 = 2h , m1m2 = b.
The lengths of perpendiculars from ( α , β ) to
l1α + m1β
the line (1) is p= =
l12 + m12
l2α + m2β
and to the line (2) is q= =
l22 + m22
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
∴The product of perpendiculars is
l1α + m1β l2α + m2β
pq = .
l12 + m12 l22 + m22
EXERCISE
I
1. Find the acute angle between the pair of line represented by the following equations.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
cos 2α + 0
cos θ = = cos 2α ∴ θ = 2α
( cos 2α − 0 )
2
+ sin 2 2α
iv) x 2 + 2xy co tα − y 2 = 0
π
Coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 = a + b = 1 − 1 = 0 ∴θ =
2
II
1. Show that the following pairs of straight lines have the same set of angular bisector
(that, is they are equally inclined to each other).
i) 2x 2 + 6xy + y 2 = 0, 4x 2 + 18xy + y 2 = 0
ii) a 2 x 2 + 2h ( a + b ) xy + b2 y2 = 0 , ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0, a + b ≠ 0
iii) ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + λ ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 0; ( λ ∈ R ) ,
ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
3 ( x 2 − y 2 ) = xy ………(1)
9 ( x 2 − y 2 ) = 3xy ⇒ 3 ( x 2 − y 2 ) = xy ……….(2)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
h h 1
∴ m1 + 2m1 = − ⇒ 3m1 = − ; 2m12 =
3 3 6
2
h 1 ⎛ h⎞ 1 h2 1
m1 = − ; m12 = ⇒ ⎜− ⎟ = ⇒ =
9 12 ⎝ 9 ⎠ 12 81 12
81 27 27 3 3
h2 = = ⇒h=± =±
12 4 4 2
3. If ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 represents two straight lines such that the slope of one line is twice the slope of
the other, prove that 8h2 = 9ab.
Sol. Equation of the pair of lines is ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
Let OA, OB be the lines which are making angles of 30º with AB and passing through the origin.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
let slope of OA be m ,then equation of OA is y – 0 = m(x – 0) or mx – y =0
3m + 1 3
cos OAB = ⇒ cos OAB = cos 30° =
9 +1 m +1 2 2
3 3m + 1
∴ =
2 10 m 2 + 1
3 ( m 2 + 1) ( 3m + 1)
2
4
=
10
( )
⇒ 15 m2 + 1 = 2 ( 3m + 1)
2
⇒ 3m 2 + 12m − 13 = 0
−13
If m1, m2 are two roots of the equation m1 + m 2 = −4 and m1m 2 =
3
( m1x − y )( m2 x − y ) = 0 ⇒ m1m 2 x 2 − ( m1 + m 2 ) xy + y 2 = 0
−13 2
⇒ x + 4xy + y 2 = 0 ⇒ −13x 2 + 12xy + 3y2 = 0 ⇒ or 13x 2 − 12xy − 3y 2 = 0
3
5. Find the equation to the pair of straight lines passing through the origin and making an acute angle
α with the straight line x + y + 5 = 0.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
let OA and OB be the required lines making angles α with OA
a 1a 2 + b1b 2 m −1
⇒ cos α = =
a +b
2
1
2
1 a +b
2
2
2
2 2 m2 + 1
⇒ 2 ( m2 + 1) cos 2 α = ( m − 1)
2
( m − 1)
2
⇒ 2 ( m + 1) = ( m − 1) sec 2 α
2
2
=
cos α 2
2sec2 α
⇒ m1 + m2 = ,m1m2 = 1
sec2 α − 2
y 2 − ( m1 + m 2 ) xy + m1m 2 x 2 = 0
2sec2 α
⇒ y2 + .xy + x 2 = 0
sec2 α − 2
2sec2 α 2 −2 −2
⇒ m1 + m 2 = = = = = −2sec 2α
sec α − 2 1 − 2 cos 2 α
2
2 cos α − 1 cos 2α
2
6. Show that the straight lines represented by (x+2a)2 – 3y2 = 0 and x = a form an equilateral triangle.
Sol.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
( x + 2a )
2
Given equation is − 3y 2 = 0
( ) ( x + 2a + )( )
2
⇒ ( x + 2a ) −
2
3y =0⇒ 3y x + 2a − 3y = 0
1+ 0 1
Angle between I and iii is cos α = = = cos 60°
1+ 3 1+ 0 2
∴ α = 60°
1− 0 1
cos β = = = cos 60°
1+ 3 1+ 0 2
∴β = 60°
7. Show that the pair of bisectors of the angle between the straight lines (ax+by)2=c(bx – ay)2, c > 0 are
parallel and perpendicular to the line ax+by+k=0.
( ax + by ) = c ( bx − ay )
2 2
Sol. Equation of pair of lines is
⇒ ( a 2 − cb 2 ) x 2 + 2ab (1 + c 2 ) xy + ( b 2 − ca 2 ) y 2 = 0
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
ab (1 + c ) ( x 2 − y 2 ) = ( a 2 − cb 2 − b 2 + ca 2 )( x 2 − y 2 ) == ( a 2 − b 2 ) (1 + c ) xy
i.e. ab ( x 2 − y 2 ) − ( a 2 − b 2 ) xy = 0
= ab ( x 2 − y 2 ) − ( a 2 − b 2 ) xy
8. The adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 2x 2 − 5xy + 3y 2 = 0 and one diagonal is x + y + 2= 0. Find
the vertices and the other diagonal.
2x 2 − 5xy + 3y 2 = 0 ⇒ 2x 2 − 2xy-3xy + 3y 2 = 0
⇒ ( x − y )( 2 x − 3 y ) = 0
⇒ x − y = 0 − − − (1) and 2 x − 3 y = 0 − − ( 2)
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Soving (2) and (3), we get vertex B = (-6/5,-4/5)
Equation of diagonal OC is
−9
y − 0 = 5 ( x − 0)
−11
5
i.e., 11y = 9x
9. Find the centroid and the area of the triangle formed by the following lines.
i) 2y 2 − xy − 6x 2 = 0, x + y + 4 = 0
ii) 3x 2 − 4xy + y2 = 0, 2x − y = 6
Equation of AB is x + y + 4 = 0 ⇒ y = − ( x + 4 ) …….(2)
Substituting in (1)
2 ( x + 4 ) + x ( x + 4 ) − 6x 2 = 0 ⇒ 2 ( x 2 + 8x + 16 ) + x 2 + 4x − 6x 2 = 0
2
⇒ ( 3x + 4 )( x − 8 ) = 0 ⇒ 3x + 4 = 0 or x − 8 = 0
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
4
⇒ 3x = −4 or x = 8 ⇒ x = − or 8
3
4
Case (i) : x = − ⇒ y = − ( x + 4)
3
⎛ −4 ⎞ 8
= −⎜ + 4⎟ = −
⎝ 3 ⎠ 3
⎛ 4 8⎞
Co-ordinates of A are ⎜ − , − ⎟
⎝ 3 3⎠
⎛ 4 8 ⎞
⎜ 0 − 3 + 8 0 − 3 − 12 ⎟ ⎛ 20 44 ⎞
Co-ordinates of G are ⎜ , ⎟ = ⎜ ,− ⎟
⎜⎜ 3 3 ⎟⎟ ⎝ 9 9 ⎠
⎝ ⎠
1 1 ⎛ 4⎞ ⎛ 8⎞
Area of ΔOAB = x1 y 2 − x 2 y1 = ⎜ − ⎟ ( −12 ) − ⎜ − ⎟ ( 8 )
2 2 ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
1 48 64 1 112 56
= + = . = sq.units.
2 3 3 2 3 3
10. Find the equation of the pair of lines intersecting at (2, - 1) and
(i) Perpendicular to the pair 6x 2 − 13xy − 5y2 = 0 and (ii) parallel to the pair 6x 2 − 13xy − 5y2 = 0 .
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
i) Equation of the pair of lines through (x1,y1) and perpendicular to ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is
b ( x − x1 ) − 2h ( x − x1 )( y − y1 ) + a ( y − y1 ) = 0
2 2
ii) Equation of the pair of lines through (x1,y1) and parallel to ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is
a ( x − x1 ) + 2h ( x − x1 )( y − y1 ) + b ( y − y1 ) = 0
2 2
⇒ 6 ( x 2 − 4x + 4 ) − 13 ( xy + x − 2y − 2 ) −5 ( y 2 + 2y + 1) = 0
11. Find the equation of the bisector of the acute angle between the lines
3x − 4y + 7 = 0 and 12x + 5y − 2 = 0
12x + 5y – 2 = 0 ……….(2)
3x − 4y + 7 12x + 5y − 2
± =0
32 + 42 122 + 52
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
3x − 4y + 7 12x + 5y − 2
⇒ ± =0
5 13
⇒ 13 ( 3x − 4y + 7 ) ± 5 (12x + 5y − 2 ) = 0
⇒ 39x − 52y + 91 + 60x + 25y − 10 = 0 And ( 39x − 52y + 91) − ( 60x + 25y − 10 ) = 0
∴ (4) is the bisector of obtuse angle , then other one (3) is the bisectorof acute angle.
12. Find the equation of the bisector of the obtuse angle between the lines x + y – 5 =0 and x – 7y + 7 =0.
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
(i) 5x + 5y − 25 + x − 7y + 7 = 0
6x − 2y − 18 = 0
3x − y − 9 = 0 ...(3)
(ii) 5x + 5y − 25 − (x − 7y + 7) = 0
4x + 12y − 32 = 0
x + 3y − 8 = 0 ...(4)
Let θ be the angle between (1), (4)
a1b 2 − a 2 b1 3 − 1 2 1
tan θ = = = = <1
a1a 2 + b1b 2 1 + 3 4 2
∴ (4) is the acute angle bisector, then other one 3x – y – 9 = 0 is the obtuse angle bisector.
III
n2
triangle with area .
3 (l 2 + m 2 )
⇒ l 2 x 2 + m 2 y 2 + 2lmxy − 3m 2 x 2 − 3l 2 y 2 + 6lmxy = 0
⇒ ( l 2 − 3m 2 ) x 2 + 8lmxy + ( m 2 − 3l 2 ) y 2 = 0 .
a+b
Let θ be the angle between the lines, then cos θ =
(a − b)
2
+ 4n 2
l 2 − 3m2 + m2 − 3l 2 2 l 2 + m2 2 l 2 + m2 1
= = = =
4 (l + m )
(l ) (l )
2 2
2
− 3m2 − m2 + 3l 2 2
+ 64l 2 m2 4 2
−m 2 2
+ 4l 2 m 2 2
⇒ θ = 60° .
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
( lx + my ) − 3 ( mx − ly ) = 0
2 2
( ) =0
2
⇒ ( lx + my ) − 3 ( mx − ly )
2
(
⇒ ( lx + my ) − 3 ( mx − ly ) ) ( ( lx + my ) + )
3 ( mx − ly ) = 0
( lx + my ) − 3 ( mx − ly ) = 0and ( lx + my ) + 3 ( mx − ly ) = 0
( ) ( )
⇒ l − m 3 x + m + 3l y = 0 − − − − − ( 2 )
and ( l + m 3 ) x + ( m − 3l ) y = 0 − − − − ( 3)
l 2 + m2 1
= cos α = = ⇒ α = 600
(
4 l +m 2 2
) l +m
2 2 2
n
Let p = Length of the perpendicular from p to line lx + my + n = 0 is =
l + m2
2
p2 n2
∴ Area of ΔOAB = = sq units.
3 3 (l 2 + m 2 )
2. Show that the straight lines represented by 3x2 + 48xy + 23y2 = 0 and 3x – 2y + 13 =0 form an
13
equilateral triangle of area sq. units.
3
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
⇒ slope = 3/2
3
∴ the line (2) is making an angle of tan −1 with the positive direction of x-axis. Therefore no straight line
2
which makes an angle of 600 with (2) is vertical.
Let m be the slope of the line passing through origin and making an angle of 600 with line (2).
3
−m
m1 − m2 2 3 − 2m
∴ tan 60 =0
⇒ 3= ⇒ 3=
1 + m1m2 3
1+ m 2 + 3m
2
( 3 − 2m )
2
Let the roots of this quadratic equation be m1,m2, which are the slopes of the lines.
−48 3
Now , m1 + m2 = and m1.m2 = .
23 23
The equation of the lines passing through origin and having slopes m1,m2 are m1x –y = 0 and m2x –y =0.
⇒ m1m2 x 2 − ( m1 + m2 ) xyy 2 = 0
3 2 ⎛ 48 ⎞
⇒ x − ⎜ − ⎟ xy + y 2 = 0
23 ⎝ 23 ⎠
⇒ 3 x 2 + 48 xy + 23 y 2 = 0
n 2 h 2 − ab 169 576 − 69
∴ Area of Δ = 2 =
am − 2hlm + bl
2
3 ( −2 ) − 48.3 ( −2 ) + 23 ( 3 )
2 2
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
3. Show that the equation of the pair of lines bisecting the angles between the pair of bisectors of the
angles between the pair of lines ax2 + 2hxy +by2 = 0 is (a – b) (x2 – y2 ) + 4hxy = 0.
hx 2 − ( a − b ) xy − hy2 = 0 − − − − − (1)
∴ A = h, B = −h, 2H = − ( a − b )
H ( x 2 − y 2 ) = ( A − B ) xy
(a − b)
⇒−
2
(x 2
− y 2 ) = 2hxy
⇒ − ( a − b ) ( x 2 − y 2 ) = 4hxy
( a − b ) ( x 2 − y 2 ) + 4hxy = 0
4. If one line of the pair of lines ax 2 + 2hyx + by2 = 0 bisects the angle between the co-ordinate axes,
prove that (a+b) = 4h2.
⇒ x 2 ( a + 2h + b ) = 0
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
⇒ a + 2h + b = 0 ………(1)
⇒ x 2 ( a − 2h + b ) = 0
⇒ a − 2h + b = 0 ……..(2)
( a + b + 2h ) . ( a + b − 2h ) = 0 ⇒ ( a + b ) − 4h 2 = 0
2
⇒ ( a + b ) = 4h 2
2
5. If ( α, β ) is the centroid of the triangle formed by the lines ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 and lx + my = 1 ,
α +β 2
prove that = =
bl − hm am − hl 3 ( bl − 2hlm + am 2 )
2
Let O,A,B the vertices of the triangle and Let A (x1,y1) and B (x2,y2).
Let equation of AB be lx + my = 1 ⇒ my = 1 − lx
1 − lx
⇒ y= ……….(2)
m
(1 − lx ) + b (1 − lx )
2
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
⇒ am 2 x 2 + 2hx (1 − lx ) + b (1 + l 2 x 2 − 2lx ) = 0
⇒ ( am 2 − 2hlm + bl 2 ) x 2 − 2 ( bl − hm ) x + b = 0
2 ( bl − hm )
Let A (x1,y1) and B (x2,y2), then x1 + x 2 = …….(3)
am2 − 2hlm + bl 2
⇒ l ( x1 + x 2 ) + m ( y1 + y2 ) = 2
l.2 ( bl − hm )
⇒ m ( y1 + y2 ) = 2 − l ( x1 − x 2 ) = 2 −
am2 − 2hlm + bl 2
2 ( am − hl )
⇒ y1 + y2 = ………..(4)
am2 − 2hlm + bl 2
⎛ x + x 2 y1 + y 2 ⎞ x1 + x 2
Now centroid G = ⎜ 1 , ⎟ = ( α, β ) ⇒ =α
⎝ 3 3 ⎠ 3
2 ( bl − hm )
⇒α=
3 ( am 2 − 2hlm + bl 2 )
α 2
= ….(5)
bl − hm 3 ( bl − 2hlm + am 2 )
2
y1 + y 2 2 ( am − hl )
=β ⇒β=
3 3 ( bl − 2hlm + am 2 )
2
β 2
∴ = …..(6)
am − hl 3 ( bl − 2hlm + am 2 )
2
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
From (5) and (6), we get
α β 2
= =
bl − hm am − hl 3 ( bl − 2hlm + am 2 )
2
7. The straight line lx + my + n = 0 bisects an angle between the pair of lines of which one is px+qy+r=0.
Show that the other line is (px+qy+r) (l2 +m2) - 2(lp+mq) (lx+my+n) = 0
Equation of the line is passing through the point of intersection of L1=0 andL2=0 is L1+ λ L2=0
⇒ ( px + qy + r ) + λ ( lx + my + n ) = 0 …..(1)
If ( α, β ) be a point on the bisector then its perpendicular distance from the lines L2=0 and (2) are equal.
⇒
( pα + qβ + r ) + λ ( lα + mβ + n ) = ± pα + qβ + r
⎡( q + l λ )2 + ( q + mλ )2 ⎤ p2 + q 2
⎣ ⎦
⇒ ( p + l λ ) + ( q + mλ ) = p 2 + q 2 (From (2), lα + mβ + n = 0 )
2 2
⇒ 2λ ( pl + qm ) + λ 2 ( l 2 + m 2 ) = 0
pl + qm
∴λ = −2
l 2 + m2
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
8. If the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a pair of intersecting lines,
then show that the square of the distance of their point of intersection from the origin is
c(a + b) − f 2 − g 2 f 2 + g2
. Also show that the square of this distance is if the given lines are
ab − h 2 h 2 + b2
perpendicular.
Sol. Let the equation
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
represent the lines
l1x + m1y + n1 = 0 …(1)
l2x + m2y + n2 = 0 …(2)
(l1x + m1y + n1)( l2x + m2y + n2) =ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c
l1l2 = a, m1m2 = b, n1n2 = c
l1m 2 + l2 m1 = 2h, l1n 2 + l2 n1 = 2g,
m1n 2 + m 2 n1 = 2f
Solving (1) and (2)
x y 1
= =
m1n 2 − m 2 n1 l2 n1 − l1n 2 l1m 2 − l2 m1
The point of intersection,
⎡ m n − m 2 n1 l2 n1 − l1n 2 ⎤
P⎢ 1 2 , ⎥
⎣ l1m 2 − l2 m1 l1m 2 − l2 m1 ⎦
(m1n 2 − m 2 n1 ) 2 + (l2 n1 − l1n 2 ) 2
OP 2 =
(l1m 2 − l2 m1 ) 2
(m1n 2 + m 2 n1 ) 2 − 4m1m 2 n1n 2
+ (l1n 2 + l2 n1 ) 2 − 4l1l2 n1n 2
=
(l1m 2 + l2 m1 ) 2 − 4l1l2 m1m 2
4f 2 − 4abc + 4g 2 − 4ac
=
4h 2 − 4ab
c(a + b) − f 2 − g 2
=
ab − h 2
If the given pair of lines are perpendicular, then a + b = 0
∴ a = –b
0 − f 2 − g2 f 2 + g2
OP 2 = = .
(− b)b − h 2 h 2 + b 2
www.sakshieducation.com