Filter Application

Oil Hydraulic

Air Coolant
Air Oil
Separator Transmission
Air Dryer
Cabin
Fuel
HEPA
Fuel Water
Separator
 Oil Filter

Gasoline Engine Diesel Engine

 Lubrication System

Most engines utilize a pressure lubrication to distribute oil to the moving

parts.
Some pumps can generate pressure of up to 500 PSI.
Engines require 40 to 60 PSI for sufficient lubrication but may range up to
80 – 100 PSI for cooling purposes.
 Pressure Regulating Valve
Engine Engine

Oil
Oil filter
filter

Pressure Pressure
Regulating Oil Regulating
Oil valve pump valve
pump

Pressure regulating valve closed Oil flows back to the oil pan
through pressure regulating valve
Lubrication System
Before distributed to engine
components, lubrication oil
should be filtered to avoid
any hazardous particles or
sludge flow together with
lubricant. Hazardous
particles will cause
increasing friction between
bearing and shaft and
sludge can plug lubrication
holes.
 Heavy Duty
Lubrication System
 Oil Filter Systems

FULL-FLOW OIL FILTRATION SYSTEM BY-PASS OIL FILTRATION SYSTEM

Most engines utilize a pressure lubrication to distribute oil to the moving parts.
Some pumps can generate pressure of up to 500 PSI.
Engines require 40 to 60 PSI for sufficient lubrication but may range up to
80 – 100 PSI for cooling purposes.
 Flow Path Of the Oil

FULL FLOW SYSTEM FULL FLOW WITH BY- PASS

 Oil Filters
Metal End
cap

Pleated Paper

Spiral
Center Tube

Adhesive
Plastisol
Sealing Gasket

• Purpose of the Oil Filter : To catch and hold dirt

• What’s Inside the filter : Metal end cap, Spiral centre tube,
Pleated paper and Adhesive
• The important component of the filter is the Filter paper
• Life Time Design = 10.000 km or 500 Hour
Dual Element Spin On
MEDIA FUNCTION:
- TOP MEDIA ELEMENT = FULL FLOW FILTER
- BOTTOM MEDIA ELEMENT = BY PASS FILTER

APPLICATION : Heavy duty engine

Heavy duty engine designed on high

pressure and high temperature
operation, for this conditions load on
journal bearing 4~5 times higher than on
gasoline engine.
To maintain sufficient oil film thickness
on journal bearing needed sufficient
pressure and oil should be free from any
hazardous particles or sludge
contaminant. Small particles or sludge
contaminant on lubrication oil is enough
to generate friction on thin oil film layer.
Dual Element Spin On

Full flow
element

Seal packing

Bypass element
 Component Spin-on Filters

Coiled Steel
Metal End Cap Tension Spring
(Both Ends)
Adhesive
Plastisol
(Both Ends)
“Button” Type Pleated
Bypass Valve Paper
Media
Steel Can

Spiral
Center Tube

Double
Heavy Gauge
Seamed
Base Plate
Joint
Sealing Gasket
 Do I Need
A Bypass Filter?
• Bypass filters were made popular 30 years ago.
• Engine studies showed that higher filtration
efficiencies reduced wear rates.
• Cellulose was restrictive to flow at higher
efficiencies. The only way to have high efficiency
was a bypass filter.
• Full synthetic medias permit high efficiency without
restriction penalties.
 Type of Oil Filter
Filtering Type Characteristic Product
Full Flow Filter

• for a gasoline car

• choose suitable filter material to maintain oil pressure

and to hold particles which cause the engine
wear out
Combined Type

• for diesel car

Separated

• since by pass filter catches carbon and fine particle,

its pore size smaller than full flow filter

• oil pressure resistance of by pass filter is higher than

full flow filter, so its filtering time is longer

• complex structure contained in one can

One Body

• For use on diesel equipment

• special construction to have the oil at different

pressures
to ensure maximum filtration efficiency
 Combination Filter
100
Multi-pass Test
90
Bypass Element
80
Full flow Element
Efficiency %

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
3 5 10 15 20

Particles Size (micron)

Common Problems
In Filters
1. EXCESSIVE SLUDGE

2. BLOATED SPIN-ON

3. EXPLODED FILTERS

4. COLLAPSED FILTERS
Excessive Sludge

The oil additives

(detergents, etc.) could
be depleted.

Leakage of coolant into

the lube oil can caused
PLUGGED severe sludging.
Bloated Spin-On

Spin-on filters are designed to

withstand pressure
approximately 5 times greater
than normal pressure in the
lubrication system.

In the event of excessive High

Engine Oil Pressure that is
produced by the pump the spin-
on may be severely damaged,
and cause oil leakage.
 Exploded Filters
NORMAL EXPLODED

Element type filter are designed to

flow from outside to inside

The most common cause for

this problem is reversed oil lines
leading to and from the filter
housing
Collapsed Filters

Full flow filters both element and

spin- on are protected by a safety
relief or by pass valve and valve
setting is approximately 25 PSI

It is probably caused by the media

being excessively plugged with
contaminants and a faulty by-pass
valve
Seal Packing / Gasket

• Function : to endure pressure

• Use correct component others
component although similar
may not be the same
Problem of Seal Packing
Broken
Packing
• Broken Packing
- if there is a contaminant on the seal during fitting,
this can lead to the scratch on the seal surface
causing the seal to break

• Dashed out and moved Packing

Dashed out moved
- if the seal is not in the correct position during fitting,
this can also lead to scratches on the seal.
- if no lubricant is applied to the seal before fitting, this
can cause the seal to be un seated and result in oil
leaks.

• Double packing
- Before fitting the new filter ensure all traces of the
old seal have been remove, due to engine vibration
and oil pressure, this can lead to the filter working
loose resulting in oil leaks.
The former of pressure from the
older packing
Mounting Seal Packing

• Apply oil to the seal

before fitting the filter

• Ensure the seal is in the

correct position
 Mistake at the
Replacement Time
1. Oil filter and fuel filter
2. Reverse installment
reverse in used

Fuel Filter Full flow Oil Filter

 Mistake at the
Replacement Time
3. Used Different thread size filter 4. Full flow filter used by pass filter

Full flow (spin on) Oil Combined type

Filter (separated type spin on)
By Pass Oil Filter

Used filter correspondences with engine manufacture, year and type

 Mistake at the
Replacement Time
5. Check the surface and center bolt of the bracket

Filter seal improper seated

on the bracket if any dirt
found on surface of the
bracket or defective the
center bolt

Filter loosened and oil
leaked, because the center
Center Bolt
bolt loosen
 Mistake at the
Replacement Time
6. Tightened Filter not follow instruction manual or caution mark

Seal packing
between full flow
and by pass filter
 Filter Application
Oil Hydraulic

Air Coolant
Air Oil
Separator Transmission
Air Dryer
Cabin
Fuel
HEPA
Fuel Water
Separator
Environmental Conditions

Light Dust Conditions

Medium Dust Conditions

Heavy Dust Conditions

 Air Filters
MESH ELEMENT

OIL

Oil Bath Air Cleaner Dry Type Air Filter

• Purpose of the Air Filter : The air filter must permit the free flow
of air yet trap injurious contaminants
• The important component of the filter is the Filter paper
• Life Time Design = 20.000 km or 1000 Hour
Variety Heavy Duty
Air Filters
Heavy Duty Air Filter

Cross Section Of Heavy Duty Air Filter

Panel Type Air Filters
 Air Filter Function
Flowing clean air to the machine
 dirty air can reduce machine capability
- The important thing to increase the machines capability is exactly mix
(fuel + air), so much clean air is required
- air contains silicon dioxide (SiO2) and iron oxide (FeO) which must be
prevented from entering the machines system

after 5,000 km after 10,000 km after 20,000 km

 Flowing clean air
to the engine
• a clogged air filter can reduce fuel consumption efficiency :
- does not allow air to flow
- lack of oxygen leads to increased fuel consumption

Fuel consumption increases if the filter is

not replaced at correct intervals
Fuel consumption

Distance
 Flowing clean air
to the engine
• Flowing clean air to the engine will product a clean waste gas
- clogged air filter allow hazardous particles in waste gas
- a complete fuel combustion can significantly reduce hazardous matter
in waste gases.

Complete combustion :
C + O2 CO2

Uncomplete combustion :
C + O2 CO2

C + O2 CO (hazardous gas)

REPLACE AIR FILTER INTERVAL

 Primary Filter Options

• Standard Filter
– Highly effective in most
applications, 99.9% efficient
• Extended Life
– More media, more life
• Different Pleat Support
– Pleatloc
– Hot melt Bead
Filter Performance

• Life
• Efficiency
Restriction & Filter life

• What are restriction and filter life?

• How to determine overall
restriction?
 Filter Life

• If servicing by scheduled maintenance, life is

determined by time or miles.

• If servicing by restriction, life is determined

when maximum restriction limit is met.
 Restriction

• is the resistance of air to flow through the air intake

system into the engine.

• increases with:

- an increase in airflow

- decrease in pipe diameter

- additional bends, pipes, precleaners, loading.

 Restriction Limits

• Restriction limits vary and are determined by the

manufacturer

Engine Diesel, Diesel Compressed

Naturally Turbo- Natural Gas
Detroit Diesel 25 20 20
Cummins 20 25 15
Caterpillar 30 30 n/a

( Inches H2O )
 Servicing by Restriction

• Wide variety of
devices that measure
and monitor
• On air cleaner, dash,
stand alone intake Service indicator
tubing, etc.
• Get maximum filter service life
• Eliminates risks associated with over
or under servicing
 Filter Application
Oil Hydraulic

Air Coolant
Air Oil
Separator Transmission
Air Dryer
Cabin
Fuel
HEPA
Fuel Water
Separator
 Type Of Hydraulic Filters

Surface type filter

The strainer filter

Depth type filter

 Replacement Filter

Receiver

Spin-on filter

The entire spin-on filter is replaced . A new

one is installed on the receiver
Cartridge Filter

Cartridge or Receiver
Element

Housing or
bowl

Element is replaced in
the housing
Why are Filters Needed in
a Hydraulic System ?

• According to the major hydraulic component

manufacturers, over 70% of hydraulic system
failures are the direct result of poor fluid
condition.
 Importance of
Hydraulic Oil Filtration
• Reduces downtime, loss of production
• Reduces component repair & replacement
• Reduces fluid replacement & disposal costs
• Overall reduction in maintenance cost
Hydraulic Filter Systems

CYLINDER PUMP
RESERVOIR

CONTROL
VALVE
FILTER

A full-flow filter mounted in the return line

Hydraulic Filter Systems

PUMP

RESERVOIR
CYLINDER

FILTER

CONTROL
VALVE

A full-flow filter mounted on the pressure line

 Hydraulic Filter Systems
PUMP RESERVOIR
CYLINDER
CONTROL
VALVE

FILTER

PUMP
CYLINDER RESERVOIR

FILTER

CONTROL
VALVE

Pump suction line filters mounted in the reservoir or in the line connecting to the pump
Air Screw Compressor
Filter

Spin-on Type

Element Type Spin-on Type

 Generator Engine Filter

OIL FUEL FUEL WATER COOLANT

SEPARATOR

Element: O-5704
Spin-on: C-5702-1 FC-5703-1 SFC-5707 WC-5711
256838 3313306 3315115
3313304
3313283
3313282
Filter Sector
On Road

Industrial

Marine

Construction

Agriculture

Mining
Marine Engine
Filter
 Marine Engine Filter

OIL FUEL COOLANT

Element: O-5704
Spin-on: C-5701-1 FC-5703-1 WC-5705
C-5702-1
3313306 3315116
256838
3313279
3313283
 Construction Filter
excavator

OIL FUEL COOLANT HYDRAULIC AIR

C-5602-1 FC-5605-4 WC-5706 H-5609 A-5604

Primary: A-5605
613-651-5121 600-311-8221 600-411-1190 706-301-142 Safety: A-5606

611-581-7602
 Heavy-Duty Filters
Every 250 Hours
[ ] Check swing gearbox oil level
[ ] Check battery electrolyte level and terminals
[ ] Drain hydraulic tank sump
[ ] Check propel gearbox oil level
[ ] Check pump drive gearbox oil level
[ ] Re-torque track shoe cap screws
[ ] Check radiator coolant level
[ ] Clean or replace dusty primary elements
 Heavy-Duty Filters
Every 500 Hours
[ ] Change engine oil and replace filter
[ ] Replace water separator
[ ] Grease swing bearing
[ ] Check air intake hoses
[ ] Grease swing bearing gear
[ ] Replace hydraulic tank oil filter
[ ] Replace fuel filter
[ ] Check coolant in radiator
 Heavy-Duty Filters
Every 1,000 Hours
[ ] Change swing gearbox oil
[ ] Replace air cleaner elements
[ ] Replace pilot system oil filter
[ ] Replace air cleaner dust valve
[ ] Change pump drive gearbox oil
[ ] Inspect fan belt
 Heavy-Duty Filters

Every 2,000 Hours

[ ] Change hydraulic oil, clean suction screen
[ ] Clean engine crankcase vent tube
[ ] Drain and flush radiator, change coolant
[ ] Check and adjust engine valve lash
[ ] Change propel gearbox oil
 Performance Tips
for Heavy-Duty Engine
(Example for Cummins Engine)

• Operations Tip
• Maintenance Tip
 Operations Tips
Every 250 hours, 3 months, 6,000 miles
or 10,000 km:

Replace:
() Lube Oil
() Lube Filter
() Drain water and sediment from fuel tanks

Inspect:
() Air Cleaner Restriction
() Air Intake System
 Operations Tips
Every 500 hours, 6 months, 12,000 miles
or 19,000 km:

Replace:
() Lube Oil
() Lube Filter
() Fuel Filter
() Coolant Filter
() Drain water and sediment from fuel tanks

Inspect:
() Air Cleaner
() Air Intake System
() Antifreeze Freeze Point
 Operations Tips
Every 1,000 hours, 12 months, 24,000 miles
or 38,000 km:

Replace:
() Lube Oil
() Lube Filter
() Fuel Filter
() Coolant Filter
() Adjust Valve Lash Clearance
() Drain water and sediment from fuel tanks
 Operations Tips
Every 1,000 hours, 12 months, 24,000 miles
or 38,000 km:

Inspect:
() Air Cleaner
() Air Intake System
() Antifreeze
() Fan Hub
() Belt Tensioner Bearing
() Belt Tension
() Charge Air Cooler
 Operations Tips
Every 2,000 hours, 2 years, 48,000 miles
or 77,000 km:

Replace:
() Lube Oil
() Lube Filter
() Fuel Filter
() Coolant Filter
() Belt Tensioner Bearing
() Adjust Valve Lash
() Antifreeze
() Drain water and sediment from fuel tanks
 Operations Tips
Every 2,000 hours, 2 years, 48,000 miles
or 77,000 km:

Inspect:
() Air Cleaner
() Air Intake System
() Antifreeze
() Fan Hub
() Belt Tension Clearance
() Charge Air Cooler
() Vibration Damper
 Maintenance Tips

Mechanical over tightening of the oil and fuel filters can distort
the threads or damage the filter element seal. Install the filter
as specified by the filter manufacturer.

Wait until the coolant temperature is below 50°C (120°F)

before removing the coolant system pressure cap. Failure to
do so can cause personal injury from heated coolant spray.
 Maintenance Tips
It is critical to engine life to use high-quality SAE 15W-40
heavy-duty engine oil such as Premium Blue®, which
meets API performance classification for CE or CF-4.
Midrange engines require SG classification due to sliding
cam followers.

Fill the oil filters with clean lubricating oil when changing
the engine oil to ensure immediate bearing lubrication
when restarting the engine. Failure to pre-lube the oil filter
may cause bearing damage.
 Maintenance Tips

• Change the oil and oil filter

Changing the oil and filter at the recommended

intervals will help keep contaminants from wearing
the engine prematurely. Use the type of oil that the
engine manufacturer calls for. For example, air-
cooled engines require oils with anti-foaming
agents. If you use the same oil for the trucks that
haul the equipment, you may be causing
premature wear.