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Corn Threshing Machine
Corn Threshing Machine
ABSTRACT
One-third of Filipino farmers or 1.8 million people, are depending on corn as their major
source of income and livelihood. Thus, corn is one of the leading agricultural products in the
Philippine. Corn threshing machine is popular both in farm and factory after they harvest corn
and it can thresh varies sizes corn. Unfortunately, a lot of penniless farm owners specially those
small or starting one are not able to purchase this machine. To address this undeniable problem,
this paper presents a study for a development of a corn threshing machine using design analysis
method. The main objective of the study is to design an improvised threshing machine which the
primary operation is to remove the corn grains or kernels and leaving the cobs intact. This study
would be made manifest and come into existence for the poor corn farmer to use and would
greatly help the farmers to lessen the amount of time, manpower, and their effort for them to be
more productive. This machine is composed of a barrel with 10.25 inches in diameter and 22
inches height which serves as the main frame of the machine. Inside the barrel is a 3.4 inches
shaft. Below the barrel is an outlet chute with 3.6 inches depth, 7 inches length, and 8 inches
width. Two discharging hole is provided for the kernel and cob. An estimated mass of the load
that be equal to 2.5kg is safety to put into a pillow block reaction.
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CORN THRESHING MACHINE Machine Design 1
1. INTRODUCTION
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CORN THRESHING MACHINE Machine Design 1
Most subsistence corn growers, usually from rural areas, are experiencing asperity in
threshing because the corn kernels when harvested are firmly attached to the hard cob, thus it
involves relatively high labor disbursement and promotes human stressfulness. Impecunious
farmer have acquainted these primitive and cumbersome method of deseeding the corn since
threshing machine are highly expensive. They tend to have an alternative strategy such as
manually shelling it by hand, picking off the kernels with their fingers by pressing on the grains
with the thumb. Other popular methods were the use of pestle and mortar; and beating by stick
technique conveyed for expelling corn portion from the cob. These methods became
unsatisfactory because of their low output, tediousness and their requirement of extra strength.
Calculate the required load exerted to the shaft if the power input is given
Load, in mechanics, is the external mechanical resistance against which a
machine, such as a motor or engine, acts. The load can often be expressed as a curve of
force versus speed. On the latter part, power is the rate of doing work or transferring heat,
the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. Having no direction, it is a
scalar quantity. It is necessary on this study that the load would be determined since the
power input is already given by the motor specification.
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In this chapter, a review of past research in the field has been compiled to enable better
understanding of the research work carried out in various regions, method of analysis on the
research subject.
The easiest traditional system for shelling maize is what we called as hand threshing. It is
done by pressing the thumbs on the grains in order to detach them from the ears. Another simple
and common shelling method is to rub two ears of maize against each other. These methods
require a lot of labor, however it is calculated that a worker can hand-shell only a few kilograms
an hour. Shelling of maize can be more efficiently accomplished by striking a bag full of ears or
heads with a stick. Maize and sunflowers can also be shelled by rubbing the ears or heads on a
rough surface. Small tools, often made by local artisans, are sometimes used to hand-shell maize.
With these tools, a worker can shell 8 to 15 kg of maize an hour.
Stuart Macdonald (1975) compares threshing as a basic to agriculture as agriculture was to
the national economy. K.S. Zakiuddin et al. (1969) said that the primitive threshing was done by
spreading the crop on a threshing floor where it is beaten either with sticks or flails (Fig.1) or
trampled by the hoofs of animals. The sheaves were made the grain in often threshed out by
beating the sheaves against shielded grates.
Hamid et al. (1980) reported about a laboratory corn sheller which was designed,
constructed, and tested to evaluate its ability to shell corn with little kernel damage. The sheller
consisted of three inclined rollers rotating in the same direction but at different speeds. The ears
were fed axially between the rollers through a guide. Damage and breakage tendency
comparisons at 18 percent kernel moisture content showed that the experimental sheller behaved
more like hand shelling than like a combine cylinder. The corn shelled by the experimental
sheller had significantly less damage than the corn shelled by the combine cylinder.
Harrington (1980) has designed a multi-crop thresher with spike tooth cylinder and inverted
bar type closed concave. He had stated that spike tooth concave helped to breakup bunches better
for more complete threshing and separation where as non-meshing spike tooth concave was only
practical in the inverted position where gravity provided continuous self-cleaning.
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CORN THRESHING MACHINE Machine Design 1
Tanko Bako, Boman James Bature (2017) the average kernel shelling capacity and shelling
efficiency of the sheller was 22.06 kg/hr and 75.03% is better than the conventional finger palm
shelling method which has been reported to have 12.63 kg/hr average kernel shelling capacity
and 100% shelling efficiency.
Bautista, Castro, Cecili, and Baradi: Agricultural engineers of the Philippine Rice Research
Institute (PhilRice) developed a S–A two-in-one rice-corn farm machine called panicle thresher-
corn sheller (PT-CS), an improvement of an existing rice thresher with the addition of the
function of corn sheller. The machine is affordable, mobile, simple in design, and easy to operate
that even women can handle it. It is powered by a 3.73-kilowatt gasoline engine and made from
locally available materials.
Dr. A. Folarin Alonge and Babajide S. Kosemani (August 2011) designed, fabricated and
tested a threshing machine consists of the inlet, threshing unit, cleaning unit, and the outlet. The
inlet consists of the feeding tray inclined at 300 to the horizontal to ensure self-feeding .The
threshing is achieved through impact made by a fast moving spike on the pod. The concave -
cylinder clearance used is 0.06m while cleaning was done by the use of combined air blast and
sieve arrangements made to have its motion from an eccentric and also was made to be variable
in hole size.
Agulanna et al. designed a de-cobbing and separation machine of corn, fabricated and its
performance evaluated. The average feed and threshing rates were 2.06 and 1.65 kg/min with an
average threshing efficiency of 78.93 %. The average separation efficiency was 56.06 %. These
results indicate that threshing and separation can be performed out satisfactorily with the
designed machine and it can be used to process about 1 tonne of maize per nine-hour shift.
Many researchers had concluded that the variation of cylinder peripheral speed, effective
concave clearance, and fan speed were the major machine variables that could influence
threshing performance (Singh and Singh, 1981; Joshi, 1981; Ghaly, 1985 and Behera et al.,
1990).
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The design requirement for this study is the load capacity for the operation on a given
motor power of 1/4 hp.
The conceptual framework of the corn threshing machine is compose of a shaft that
rotates to separate its kernels from the cob.
Inlet
Threshing
Kernel Cob
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2𝜋𝑁𝑇 60𝑃
𝑃= → 𝑇=
60 𝜋𝑁
Force to the shaft:
(60)(0.046875𝑘𝑊)
𝑇= 𝑇
2𝜋(1730𝑟𝑝𝑚) 𝑇 =𝐹∙𝑟 →𝐹 =
𝑟
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟖𝟕𝟒𝟏𝟕𝟕𝟖𝟗𝑵 ∙ 𝒎
1.034967115 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
𝐹=
Torque provided by motor 0.0127𝑚
𝑭 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟒𝟗𝟑𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟔𝟔 𝑵
𝑁1 𝐷1 = 𝑁2 𝐷2 𝐹𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡
𝐹 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑒 =
80 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠
Where = 1.018668421 𝑁
𝑁1 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑁2 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 81.49347366 𝑁
𝑚= 𝑚
𝐷2 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 9.81 2
𝑠
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𝐷3 = 𝑋
𝜋 𝑆𝑢
𝑫𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟑𝟒𝟏𝟒 𝒊𝒏
𝐹
∑ 𝐹 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 where: 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 𝑆𝑠 = 𝐴
𝐹 =2𝑅 400 𝑙𝑏
𝑆𝑠 = 1
𝑖𝑛
8
𝑅 = 9.16 𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛
𝑆𝑠 = 3200 𝑝𝑠𝑖
63000 (0.046875)
𝑇= 𝐹 = 2𝑆𝑠𝐿(𝑏 cos 45)
432.5
1 1
𝑇 = 6.82803462 𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛 𝐹 = 2(3200 𝑙𝑏)(8)(8 cos 45)
𝑀𝑓 = 0 𝐹 = 70.71067812 𝑙𝑏𝑓
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Material Price
Barrel P450.00
Shaft P333.00
1 kg of nail P57.00
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Height of Barrel 22
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4.4 Discussion
Shown on the figure and table presented above are the proposed design of the machine
which is modeled using solid works application and detailed machine parts provided by its
dimensions. Also the actual machine developed is presented which is made by the design
analysis conducted where its members are from the dimensions calculated. The machine is
designed to utilize the load capacity for the operation on a given motor power of 1/4 hp. It is
indicated the test for these machine will be manifested on the proceeding term as a completion for
Machine Design 2.
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5. Conclusion
The machine has been successfully designed for convenience and continuous operation
considering threshing corn and discharging process. The corn threshing machine designed by the
authors has the potential to promote portable corn thresher for small scale farmers specially for
those who are from far flung areas. This machine had made manifest and came into existence for
the poor corn farmer to use and would greatly help the farmers to lessen the amount of time,
manpower, and their effort for them to be more productive. This machine is made to function and
fabricated with the most economical materials possible available in the market. It is small in size
which is very ideal for small scale corn growers, simple design and proven effective. The machine
is expected to have high efficiency which will be tested in the proceeding term of this course.The
recommendation that can be made to improve this machine is that increasing the length of the
corrugated bars that will have the perfect fit of the average cob size.
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