JOHNSON Timber Concrete Composites Webinar 170913

TIMBER-CONCRETE
COMPOSITE
FLOOR SYSTEMS
13 SEPTEMBER 2017
Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not

funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.
“The Wood Products Council” is a This course is registered with AIA CES
Registered Provider with The American for continuing professional education.
Institute of Architects Continuing As such, it does not include content
Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider that may be deemed or construed to
#G516. be an approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of construction or
Credit(s) earned on completion of this any method or manner of handling,
course will be reported to AIA CES for using, distributing, or dealing in any
AIA members. Certificates of Completion material or product.
for both AIA members and non-AIA
members are available upon request. ______________________________
Questions related to specific materials, methods,
and services will be addressed at the conclusion of
this presentation.
Course Description
Many commercial, mixed-use and multi-family buildings utilize long-span floor systems
that allow for open and flexible interior floor plans. Competitive long-span floor systems
made with mass timber-concrete composite panels are an opportunity to expand the use
of wood framing in a variety of occupancy and building types, including high-rises.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill has been researching timber-concrete composite floor
systems that can satisfy the structural, serviceability, acoustic and fire requirements of
high-rise buildings and has recently completed a physical testing program with Oregon
State University.
This presentation will showcase the results, including the effect of shear connector type
on composite action, two-way spanning behavior of composite timber panels, long-term
behaviors, and full-scale verification of a typical long-span bay.
TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL LLP 13 SEPTEMBER 2017
Learning Objectives
1. Describe timber-concrete composite floor systems and their use in

modern mass timber buildings.
2. Review the structural design principles and processes associated with
timber-concrete composite floor systems.
3. Demonstrate how timber-concrete composite floor systems can
satisfy the structural, serviceability, acoustic and fire requirements of
mid-rise and high-rise buildings.
4. Highlight results from recent timber-concrete composite testing,
including shear connector types, two-way spanning behavior and full
scale verification.

Composite Structures
TIMBER
STEEL CONCRETE
Composite Elements

Composite Elements

Composite Buildings

Why Composite?
Strength Stiffness Mass Acoustics Fire

Composite Structures
TIMBER
STEEL CONCRETE
Composite-Timber Systems
Madison House
TPP/SOM
SFS VB Screws HSK / HBV Plates WoodWorks Case Study of Bullitt Center

SOM Timber Research

Composite-Timber Advantage

Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)
Material Advantages
Madison House
TPP/SOM
•Prefabricated
-Reduced on-site labor
-Speed of construction
-Non-structural systems
•Lightweight
-Reduced Seismic Loads
-Foundation savings
•Thermal insulator
-Fire Resistant
-Energy savings
•Marketing advantages
-Aesthetics
Structurlam Crosslam -Sustainability
Span Limits (Strength & Stiffness) – Structurlam Crosslam

Acoustics – Floor Assemblies – US CLT Handbook

Fire Resistance – Failure Modes – US CLT Handbook

Fire Resistance – Integrity Failures – US CLT Handbook

Combined Acoustic/Fire/Structural Solution
Reinforced concrete topping slab for seismic diaphragm,

increased spans, acoustic, and fire resistance.

Why Composite-Timber?
Strength Stiffness Mass Acoustics Fire

Composite Concrete Topping Slabs
Acoustics
Fire Resistance
Span Length
Seismic Diaphragm
Durability
SOM Test Specimens at Oregon State University

Creating High-Quality Space

Design Methodology for Composite CLT Floors
Note: Floor Systems Most Likely Governed by Stiffness
1. Calculate sectional properties of CLT (EIeff, EAeff) per US CLT Handbook, NDS, other
2. Select composite fastener type, determine slip stiffness (Ks) per Manufacturer
3. Calculate effective composite stiffness per Annex B of Eurocode 5 (EN, 2004)
4. Calculate apparent stiffness or model rolling shear stiffness losses

5. Calculate serviceability and ultimate limit states and evaluate, redesign

1. CLT Properties – US CLT Handbook

1. CLT Properties – US CLT Handbook

2. Composite Connector Properties - Manufacturer

2. Composite Connector Properties - Manufacturer

3. Composite Properties - Eurocode 5, Annex B





4. Apparent Stiffness or Model – US CLT Handbook

5. Calculate Limit States & Evaluate Design
1. Stiffness – Deflection & Vibrations

2. Composite Connector Capacity
3. Maximum wood, concrete, and
rebar stresses

Design Methodology for Composite CLT Floors - Recap
1. Calculate sectional properties of CLT (EIeff, EAeff) per US CLT Handbook, NDS, other
2. Select composite fastener type, determine slip stiffness (Ks) per Manufacturer
3. Calculate effective composite stiffness per Annex B of Eurocode 5 (EN, 2004)
4. Calculate apparent stiffness or model rolling shear stiffness losses

5. Calculate serviceability and ultimate limit states and evaluate, redesign

Testing at Oregon State University

OSU Testing Program
• Connector Types
• 7 tests of shear connectors
• 2 bare CLT control tests
• Bi-Directional Stiffness
• 3 tests of two-way & positive-negative bending
• Long Term Creep

• 2 tests of positive and negative creep (4 month long each)
• Full Scale Test, 8ft Wide x 36ft Long

Connector Tests

Connector Test – Simple Span, Positive Bending

Connector Test Results

Connector Test Results

Orthotropic Stiffness Testing

Servo-hydraulic Actuator
W14x176
W14x145 2.25 in. Concrete slab

4 in.
12 in. 5 ply CLT
2 in. roller
W30x311
88 in.
Strong Floor
West


Orthotropic Stiffness Results

Orthotropic Stiffness Results
Ks, strong axis = 16 kN/mm

Ks, weak axis = 2 kN/mm

Long Term Creep & Shrinkage Test

Long Term Creep & Shrinkage Test

Long Term Creep & Shrinkage Results

Full Scale Test

Full Scale Test

Full Scale Test

Full Scale Test

Full Scale Test

Full Scale Test
• Failure at 82,000 lbs

• Failure load ~ 8x the design load
• Equivalent bending moment to
600psf uniform load.

Analysis of Full Scale Test

Full Scale Test

Full Scale Test Results

Maximum
service load

Continuous beam
composite stiffness
Maximum
service load

Continuous beam Simple beam

composite stiffness composite stiffness
Maximum
service load

Continuous beam Simple beam

composite stiffness composite stiffness
Simple beam
non-comp stiffness
Maximum
service load

Conclusions
1. The competitiveness of structural systems is affected greatly by the

characteristics of the floor framing system.
2. Composite concrete topping slabs are an effective way to improve the
strength, stiffness, acoustic insulation, and fire resistance of CLT floor planks.
3. The composite behavior is affected greatly by the composite connector

selected. Adhesive connectors performed better than mechanical.
4. Composite behavior can be achieved for negative bending and composite

concrete connections.
5. Composite behavior can enhance two-way bending behavior, further

improving the spanning capabilities of the floor system.
TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE
FLOOR SYSTEMS
13 SEPTEMBER 2017
QUESTIONS?
THIS CONCLUDES THE AMERICAN

INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS CONTINUING
EDUCATION SYSTEM COURSE
Thank You

JOHNSON Timber Concrete Composites Webinar 170913

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TIMBER-CONCRETE

Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

1. Describe timber-concrete composite floor systems and their use in

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

Strength Stiffness Mass Acoustics Fire

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

Reinforced concrete topping slab for seismic diaphragm,

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

Strength Stiffness Mass Acoustics Fire

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

SOM Test Specimens at Oregon State University

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

Note: Floor Systems Most Likely Governed by Stiffness

4. Calculate apparent stiffness or model rolling shear stiffness losses

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

1. Stiffness – Deflection & Vibrations

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

4. Calculate apparent stiffness or model rolling shear stiffness losses

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

• Long Term Creep

• Full Scale Test, 8ft Wide x 36ft Long

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

W14x145 2.25 in. Concrete slab

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

Ks, strong axis = 16 kN/mm

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR

• Failure at 82,000 lbs

TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEMS WOODWORKS WEBINAR