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    Supply of Farmed Fish Needs To Grow Rapidly: Average Annual Growth Rate (%), 1990-2011

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    somkiat.chanmano
    This document discusses the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture. It notes that the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in aquaculture can lead to AMR in bacteria. Surveillance of antibiotic use and AMR in aquaculture is important. The transfer of AMR genes between bacteria, both vertically and horizontally, allows resistance to spread. AMR poses a threat to human health by reducing effective antibiotic treatment options and increasing deaths from infectious diseases. Aquaculture practices must be improved to reduce the development and spread of AMR.

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    Supply of Farmed Fish Needs To Grow Rapidly: Average Annual Growth Rate (%), 1990-2011

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    somkiat.chanmano
    22 views11 pages
    This document discusses the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture. It notes that the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in aquaculture can lead to AMR in bacteria. Surveillance of antibiotic use and AMR in aquaculture is important. The transfer of AMR genes between bacteria, both vertically and horizontally, allows resistance to spread. AMR poses a threat to human health by reducing effective antibiotic treatment options and increasing deaths from infectious diseases. Aquaculture practices must be improved to reduce the development and spread of AMR.

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    การจัดการทางเลือกในการควบคุม น้ำ

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    This document discusses the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture. It notes that the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in aquaculture can lead to AMR in bacteria. Surveillance of antibiotic use and AMR in aquaculture is important. The transfer of AMR genes between bacteria, both vertically and horizontally, allows resistance to spread. AMR poses a threat to human health by reducing effective antibiotic treatment options and increasing deaths from infectious diseases. Aquaculture practices must be improved to reduce the development and spread of AMR.

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    22 views11 pages

    Supply of Farmed Fish Needs To Grow Rapidly: Average Annual Growth Rate (%), 1990-2011

    Uploaded by

    somkiat.chanmano
    This document discusses the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture. It notes that the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in aquaculture can lead to AMR in bacteria. Surveillance of antibiotic use and AMR in aquaculture is important. The transfer of AMR genes between bacteria, both vertically and horizontally, allows resistance to spread. AMR poses a threat to human health by reducing effective antibiotic treatment options and increasing deaths from infectious diseases. Aquaculture practices must be improved to reduce the development and spread of AMR.

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    of 11

    การใช้ยาปฏิชีวนะที่ไม่เหมาะสมกับปัญหา AMR

    อ.สพ.ญ.ดร.ปริญทิพย์ วงศ์ ไทย


    ภาควิชาเวชศาสตร์ และทรัพยกรการผลิตสั ตว์
    คณะสั ตวแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์

    Supply of Farmed fish needs to grow rapidly


    Global consumption of animal protein

    Average annual growth rate


    (%), 1990-2011
    Pounds of feed to produce one pound of animal protein

    6.8

    2.9
    1.7 1.1

    Species
    Culture system

    Past Present
    Culture management

    Antimicrobial use & AMR in Aquaculture


    Semi-intensive system
    Extensive system
    Intensive system
    Disease
    outbreak
    Stocking density Nutrient pollution
    Use of
    antimicrobial
    Poor water quality
    AMR
    eruse

    What is drug resistance or AMR?


    Microorganisms become resistant to antimicrobial agents.
    Kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms.

    Antimicrobial --- Antibiotic---Anti-inflammation


    AMR-Aquaculture-One health

    Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance

    Surveillance of antimicrobial use

    Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance

    Biological hazard àpresence of


    Enterobacteriaceae
    An expression of AMR- E.coli

    Antimicrobial susceptibility testing :


    Disc diffusion method
    ENR AMX CEP NEO
    ERY AMC COL OTC
    E.coli GEN AMP DOX STM

    AMR- MDR/XDR/PDR
    ID. AMR PATTERN (1st AUG) AMR PATTERN (2nd (OCT))
    KS 1.1 AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT

    AMX
    KS 2.1 AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-NEO-OXT
    KS 3.1 ERY-NEO
    KS 4.1 ERY ERY
    KS 5.1
    KS 6.1
    DOX-ERY-OXT
    DOX-ERY-OXT-SXT
    AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT AMP MDR
    KS 7.1
    KS 8.1 AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT-SXT
    KS 9.1
    KS 10.1
    KS 11.1
    AMP-AMO-AMC-CEP-DOX-ERY-OXT-SXT ERY
    ERY
    ERY-NEO
    DOX
    KS 12.1
    KS 13.1
    ERY
    AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT
    OTC XDR
    KS 14.1 AMO-AMP-ERY-OXY-SXT AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT
    KS 15.1 AMP-AMO-DOX-ERY-NEO-OXT AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT
    KS 16.1 AMP-AMO-DOX-ERY-GEN-NEO-OXT
    KS 17.1
    KS 18.1
    AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT
    ERY
    AMX-AMP-DOX-ENR-ERY-OXT-SXT
    ERY
    KS 19.1
    KS 20.1
    AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT-SXT
    AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT-SXT
    STM PDR
    KS 21.1 ERY-NEO

    NEO
    KS 22.1 AMX-AMP-ERY
    KS 23.1 ERY
    KS 26.1 AMX-AMP-ERY-OXT-SXT
    KS 27.1 DOX-ERY-OXT-SXT AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT-SXT
    KS 28.1 AMP-AMO-ERY-NEO DOX-ERY-NEO-OXT-SXT
    KS 32.1 ERY
    KS 33.1 DOX-ERY-NEO-OXT
    KS 34.1 AMX-AMP-ERY-OXT-SXT
    KS 35.1 AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT-SXT
    KS 36.1 ERY-NEO
    KS 37.1 AMX-AMP-DOX-ERY-OXT
    What is AMR?

    Microorganisms become resistant to antimicrobial agents.


    Kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms.

    Antimicrobial --- Antibiotic---Anti-inflammation


    Cell wall inhibitor: block Protein synthesis inhibitor
    synthesis and repair acting on ribosome

    Cell membrane: loss of


    selective permeability Metabolic pathway and products:
    block pathway and inhibit metabolism

    How is resistance developed?


    Transfer of AMR gene

    Horizontal gene transfer (HGT)


    Vertical gene transfer (VGT)
    AMR genes transfer and exchange in
    the environment

    Aquaculture

    The big risk……diseases


    IMNV Pseudomonas spp.
    Argulus spp.
    WSSV
    Endemic YHV MBV EMS
    Streptococcus spp.
    Aspergillus spp. Branchiomyces spp.
    Emerging Dactylogyrus spp.
    MrNV
    Trichodina spp.

    TSV ISA Mycobacterium spp.


    Re-emerging Ichthiopthrius multifilis
    Aeromonas spp.
    Gyrodactylus spp.
    Chytrid fungi TiLV IHHNV
    HPV Yersinia spp.
    Flavobacterium spp.
    Microsporidia spp. Iridovirus spp.
    IHNV
    Environmental Challenges: Aquaculture and Environmental Health

    Potentially increasing the seafood production


    without concerned environment

    Effluent discharges Disease transmission between


    and water quality Overfishing Chemical used on farms farmed and wild species

    Multiple ecologic negative feedback loops linking human health

    Use in aquaculture feed

    Spreading fish disease Reducing wild fish populations Reduce future aquaculture production

    Environmental impact Increase consumption of foods

    Promote the development of NCDs

    Environmental challenges: Aquaculture and Animal Health

    Infectious disease outbreak - lose large amounts of farm raised


    seafood

    Globalization and Intensification of Introduction of hatchery-


    Climate Biosecurit
    international hatcheries and production raised species to new change y
    trade environments

    Although most aquaculture disease do not directly impact human health, the chemicals and
    drugs used prevent or treat them can impact the environment and public health
    Human impact on AMR
    Aquaculture systems have been designated as “Hotspots for AMR genes”
    Current & past use
    - Antibiotic
    Aquaculture systems contain
    - Probiotics
    high numbers of diverse bacteria
    - Prebiotics
    - Other treatments

    ● 700,000 AMR deaths annually and estimated to rise to 10 million deaths per year in 2050
    ● Economic loss
    ● Reduce medical treatment options
    ● Increase deaths from previously curable infections

    Control antimicrobial use

    1. Biosecurity
    2. Improved farm support for diagnostics and treatment
    3. Limiting AM access
    4. Regulation
    5. Certification
    6. Improved general public awareness

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