Usage of Hydrogenous Gases

in Internal-Combustion Engines

International Science and Technology Center (ISTC), Moscow

Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk
RFNC-VNIIEF, Sarov
OОО «Gazomotor-R», Rybinsk

Producing Hydrogenous Gas On-board and its Usage in

Internal-Combustion Engine
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Syngas generator structure with metalporous catalyst - Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of Siberian Branch of
RAS (BIC)
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Reformer of methane - air conversion FSUE RFNC-VIIEF with granular catalyst

 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Pilot sample of syngas reactor

Technical data

Name Value
Processor type Air conversion
Natural gas
Fuel
(Methane)
Syngas output 5-25 m3/h
Start up time
(readiness for Not more than 11s
operation)
Gas/air mass
proportion :
- By start up 1/17
- By operating mode 3/17
Hydrogen output Not less than 32%
Life time >10 000 hours
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Steam conversion reformer - WS Reformer GmbH

Technical data

Name Value

Steam conversion
Processor type

Methane, bio gas

Fuel
(without sulfur)

Syngas output 20-400 m3/h

Start up time
Not more than
(readiness for
2hours
operation)
Not less than
Hydrogen output
75%
Life time 6 000 hours
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Autothermal reformer of diesel fuel conversion of 2 kW capacity - Nordic

Power Systems

Diesel fuel autothermal conversion + high-temperature and low-temperature water shift СО +

selective oxidation СО
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Syngas on-board generator

Syngas generator control
unit

Name Value

Number of servo drivers (for air and

2
gas)
Number of controlled electromagnetic
2
cutoff valves
Productivity by syngas output, m3 /hour 5-25
On-board Gas inlet pressure, bar 1,5 - 2
syngas
generator Air excess factor measurement range (α) From 0,2 to 1,1
Power supply voltage, V 12 -24
Maximum power consumption 200 W
Operating regime: long-term S1
Block catalyst of partial Ambient temperature From-40 to +800С
oxidation of natural gas
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Product outcome from reformer and its composition by different types of

conversion

Conversion type Air Steam

Hydrogen , % 34 75

СО,% 17 8,5

Methane, % 2,5 5

Nitrogen, % 43 -

СО2,% 1,99 2,2

 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Structure chart of syngas generator with productivity 5- 25 m3/hour

 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Assembling syngas generator with microprocessor control system on test

bench
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Testing syngas generator with new catalytic reformer

 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Microprocessor control system module for syngas generator built in a box

 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Reformer ignition: starting hydrogen generation - 11 с

Starting ignition End of start up

(forced/compulsory (ignition is switched off) alpha=0,27
ignition) - alpha=1 Т1=596С; Т2=53С
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Testing dual-fuel engine ZMZ-40522 with additives of syngas on a motor bench

 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Testing dual-fuel engine ZMZ-40522 with additives of syngas on a motor bench

 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Dual-fuel engine ZMZ-40522 operating on methane with additives of syngas

(N=3960 r/min , Engine torque=48,3 Nm)

Nitric oxide s concentration, ррм

Hydrocarbons concentration, ррм СО Concentration, ррм

8000 9000 5000

4500
7000 8000
4000
6000 7000
3500
6000
5000 3000
5000 NOx 2500
CH 4000 СО
4000 2000
3000
3000 1500
2000 2000 1000
1000 1000 500
0 0 0
1 1 1

Methane alpha=1,0 1023 Methane alpha= 1,0 8800 Methane alpha=1,0 4911

Methane alpha=1,3 7305 Methane alpha=1,3 200 Methane alpha=1,3 1581

903 Methane+s yngas alpha=1,6 300 Methane+s yngas 17

Methane+s yngas alpha =1,6
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Dual-fuel engine ZMZ-40522 operating on methane with additives of syngas

(N=3960 r/min , Engine torque=48,3 Nm)
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Dual-fuel engine ZMZ-40522, operating on petrol with additives of syngas

Re ductio n o f g a so line co nsumptio n by a dditing syng a s

18.00

16.00
14.00

12.00
% o f de cre a se 10.00
in pe tro l
co nsumptio n 8.00
6.00

4.00
2.00

0.00
1088 1861 2661 2886 3241 3694
Ro ta tio n spe e d r/min
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Dual-fuel engine ZMZ-40522, operating on petrol with additives of syngas

CO mas s c o nc e ntratio n e mis s io n

2000.00
1800.00

1600.00
1400.00

1200.00
g/kW*h

1000.00 ga s oline СО m a s s
conce ntra tion
800.00
ga s oline +s ynga s СО
600.00 m a s s conce ntra tion

400.00

200.00
0.00
1088 1861 2661 2886 3241 3694
r/min
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Dual-fuel engine ZMZ-40522, operating on petrol with additives of syngas

Emis s ion of CH mas s conce ntration+NOx mas s

conce ntration

1400.00

1200.00

1000.00

800.00
g /kW*h
f gas oline
600.00
gas oline+s yngas
400.00

200.00

0.00
1088 1861 2661 2886 3241 3694
r/min
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Dual-fuel “Gazelle”-vehicle with engine ZMZ-40522 and equipped with syngas generator
Engine control module

Gas injectors Syngas supply hose Reformer site

 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Dual-fuel “Gazelle”-vehicle with engine ZMZ-40522

Microprocessor control system reformer placement under

bonnet of a car

Reformer control
module
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Dual-fuel “Gazelle”-vehicle with engine ZMZ-40522

Reformer - bottom view
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Dual-fuel “Gazelle”-vehicle with engine ZMZ-40522

Syngas output point
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Dual-fuel “Gazelle”-vehicle with engine ZMZ-40522

Syngas supply point to the engine
 Usage of Hydrogenous Gases
in Internal-Combustion Engines

Dual-fuel “Gazelle”-vehicle with engine ZMZ-40522

Preparing the car equipped with syngas generator to road
testing