Professional Documents
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Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights & Third Generation Rights
Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights & Third Generation Rights
Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights & Third Generation Rights
RIGHT TO EDUCATION
Non-discrimination: Social
security must be provided without right of everyone to
discrimination (in intent or effect) education
based on health status, race, that education shall be
ethnicity, age, sex, sexuality, directed to the full development
disability, language, religion, of the human personality
education shall enable all THIRD GENERATION RIGHTS
persons to participate
effectively in a free The term "third-generation human rights"
society, promote remains largely unofficial, just as the
understanding, tolerance also-used moniker of "green" rights, and
and friendship among all thus houses an extremely broad
nations and all racial. spectrum of rights, including:
primary education shall be
compulsory and available Group and collective rights
free to all Right to self-determination
secondary education shall Right to economic and social
be made generally development
available and accessible to Right to a healthy environment
all Right to natural resources
higher education shall be Right to communicate and
made equally accessible communication rights
to all Right to participation in cultural
fundamental education heritage
shall be encouraged or Rights to intergenerational equity and
intensified as far as sustainability
possible for those persons
who have not received or
Historical background
completed the whole
period of their primary In 1979, KarelVasak presented a brief
education; but systematic theory of what he called
the development of a "the third generation of human
system of schools at all rights.“Vasak argued that several new
levels shall be actively human rights, such as the rights to
pursued,
development, to a healthy environment,
an adequate fellowship
and to peace, were already beginning to
system shall be
emerge in international law. He
established,
suggested that these three generations
material conditions of
of human rights corresponded
teaching staff shall be
continuously improved. respectively to the three ideals
respect for the liberty of proclaimed in the French revolution:
parents and, when liberty, equality and fraternity.
applicable, legal guardians Accordingly, these new human rights
to choose for their children should be thought of as solidarity rights.
schools Third-generation or ‘solidarity’ rights are
the most recently recognised category of
human rights.
3. Expressing the will and the
aspirations of all peoples to
New Human Rights (Solidarity Rights) eradicate war from the life of
mankind and, above all, to avert a
A. The right to development
world-wide nuclear catastrophe.
For the millions of people around
4. Convinced that life without war
the world who live in abject
serves as the primary international
poverty, the United Nations
prerequisite for the material well-
Declaration on the Right to
being, development and progress
Development offers hope. Indeed,
of countries and for the full
the aspiration to make the right to
implementation of the rights and
development a reality for all is the
fundamental human freedoms
foundation for the quest to achieve
proclaimed by the United Nations.
the Millennium Development
5. Aware that in the nuclear age the
Goals (MDGs), the internationally
establishment of a lasting peace on
agreed global development goals.
Earth represents the primary
condition for the preservation of
Millennium Development Goals
human civilization and the survival
(MDGs)
of mankind.
6. Recognizing that the maintenance
1. Reduce poverty, hunger and
of a peaceful life for peoples is the
disease
sacred duty of each State.
2. Promote gender equality,
education, environmental
sustainability and global
partnerships C. The Right to a Healthy
Environment
The right to a healthy enviornment
was recognised in Stockholm
B. The Right to Peace
Conference in 1972 in an inter-
Declaration on the Right of Peoples national environmental law
to Peace was approved by General document. The conference
Assembly Resolution 39/11 of 12 adopted what is known as the
November 1984 with the following Stockholm Declaration, consisting
details: of three non-binding instruments: