R ULES FOR THE M ANUFACTURE , T ESTING AND C ERTIFICATION OF M ATERIALS , July 2000

Aluminium Alloys Chapter 8

Section 1

Section 1.3 Quality of materials

1 Plates, bars and sections 1.3.1 Materials are to be free from surface or internal
defects of such a nature as would be harmful in service.
2 Aluminium alloy rivets
1.3.2 The manufacturer is to verify the integrity of pres-
3 Aluminium alloy castings sure welds of closed extrusion profiles in accordance with 1.9.

4 Aluminium/steel transition joints

1.4 Dimensional tolerances

1.4.1 Underthickness tolerances for rolled products for

marine construction are given in Table 8.1.1.
■ Section 1
Plates, bars and sections
Table 8.1.1 Underthickness tolerances for rolled
1.1 Scope products for marine construction

1.1.1 This Section makes provision for aluminium alloy Nominal Underthickness tolerance for nominal width range,
thickness mm
plates, bars and sections intended for use in the construction
range,
of ships and other marine structures and for cryogenic
mm £1500 >1500 £2000 >2000 £3500
applications.

1.1.2 Except as provided in 1.1.3, all items are to be ³3,0 <4,0 0,10 0,15 0,15
manufactured and tested in accordance with the appropriate ³4,0 <8,0 0,20 0,20 0,25
requirements of Chapters 1 and 2 and those detailed in this
Section. ³8,0 <12 0,25 0,25 0,25
³12 <20 0,35 0,40 0,50
1.1.3 Plates less than 3,0 mm thick and sections less
than 40 mm x 40 mm x 3,0 mm may be manufactured and ³20 <50 0,45 0,50 0,65
tested in accordance with the requirements of an acceptable
National specification.
1.4.2 Underthickness tolerances for extruded products
1.1.4 Materials intended for the construction of cargo for marine construction are given in Table 8.1.2.
tanks or storage for liquefied gases, and for other low
temperature applications, are to be manufactured in the 5083
alloy in the annealed condition. Table 8.1.2 Underthickness tolerances for
extrusions for marine construction
1.1.5 As an alternative to 1.1.2 and 1.1.4, materials which
comply with National or proprietary specifications may be Nominal Open profiles, sections circumscribed by
accepted provided that these specifications give reasonable thickness a circle of diameter, mm Closed
equivalence to the requirements of this Section and are range, profiles
approved for a specific application. Generally, survey and mm £250 >250 £400 >400
certification are to be carried out in accordance with the
requirements of Chapter 1. ³3,0 <6,0 0,25 0,35 0,40 0,25

³6,0 <50 0,30 0,40 0,45 0,30

1.2 Manufacture

1.2.1 Aluminium alloys are to be manufactured at works 1.4.3 There are to be no underthickness tolerances for
approved by LR. materials for application in cyrogenic process pressure
vessels.
1.2.2 The alloys may be cast either in ingot moulds or by
an approved continuous casting process. Plates are to be 1.4.4 Dimensional tolerances other than permitted
formed by rolling and may be hot or cold finished. Bars and underthicknesses are to comply with an acceptable National
sections may be formed by extrusion, rolling or drawing. or International Standard.

1.2.3 All melts are to be suitably degassed prior to casting

and the hydrogen content is to be reported on the certificate 1.5 Chemical composition
of chemical analysis. If the material is intended to be welded
the hydrogen content is not to exceed 0,2 ml per 100 g, see 1.5.1 Samples for chemical analysis are to be taken
Table 8.1.3. representative of each cast, or the equivalent where a contin-
uous melting process is involved.

LLOYD’S REGISTER OF SHIPPING 1

R ULES FOR THE M ANUFACTURE , T ESTING AND C ERTIFICATION OF M ATERIALS , July 2000

Aluminium Alloys Chapter 8

Section 1

1.5.2 The chemical composition of these samples is to

comply with the requirements of Table 8.1.3.

Table 8.1.3 Chemical composition, percentage

6005–A 6061
Element 5083 5086 5754 (see Note 1) (see Note 1) 6082

Copper 0,10 max. 0,10 max. 0,10 max. 0,30 max. 0,15—0,40 0,10 max.
Magnesium 4,0—4,9 3,5—4,5 2,6—3,6 0,40—0,70 0,80—1,20 0,60—1,20
Silicon 0,40 max. 0,40 max. 0,40 max. 0,50—0,90 0,40—0,80 0,70—1,30
Iron 0,40 max. 0,50 max. 0,40 max. 0,35 max. 0,70 max. 0,50 max.
Manganese 0,40—1,00 0,20—0,70 0,50 max. 0,50 max. 0,15 max. 0,40—1,00
(see Note 3) (see Note 4)
Zinc 0,25 max. 0,25 max. 0,20 max. 0,20 max. 0,25 max. 0,20 max.
Chromium 0,05—0,25 0,05—0,25 0,30 max. 0,30 max. 0,04—0,35 0,25 max.
(see Note 3) (see Note 4)
Titanium 0,15 max. 0,15 max. 0,15 max. 0,10 max. 0,15 max. 0,10 max.
Hydrogen (see Note 2) (see Note 2) (see Note 2) (see Note 2) (see Note 2) (see Note 2)

Other elements:
(see Note 2) each 0,05 max. 0,05 max. 0,05 max. 0,05 max. 0,05 max. 0,05 max.
total 0,15 max. 0,15 max. 0,15 max. 0,15 max. 0,15 max. 0,15 max.

NOTES
1. These alloys are not normally acceptable for application in direct contact with sea-water.
2. The hydrogen content is to be determined, see 1.2.3.
3. Mn + Cr = 0,10 min., 0,60 max.
4. Mn + Cr = 0,12 min., 0,50 max.

1.6 Heat treatment 1.7.2 For single plates or coils weighing more than
2 tonnes, only one tensile specimen per plate or coil is to be
1.6.1 The Aluminium 5000 series alloys, capable of being taken.
strain hardened, are to be supplied in any of the following
temper conditions: 1.7.3 A tensile test specimen is required from each plate
O annealed to be used in the construction of cargo tanks, secondary
H111 annealed with slight strain hardening barriers and process pressure vessels with design tempera-
H112 strain hardened from working at elevated tures below –55°C.
temperatures
H116 strain hardened and with specified 1.7.4 Extrusions, bars and sections of less than 1 kg/m in
resistance to exfoliation corrosion for alloys nominal weight are to be tested in batches of 1 tonne. Where
where the magnesium content is 4 per cent the nominal weight is greater than 5 kg/m, one tensile test is
or more to be carried out for every three tonnes produced, or fractions
H321 strain hardened and stabilized. thereof.

1.6.2 The Aluminium 6000 series alloys, capable of being 1.7.5 If the material is supplied in the heat treated
age hardened, are to be supplied in either of the following condition, each batch is to be treated in the same furnace
temper conditions: charge or subjected to the same finishing treatment when a
T5 hot worked and artificially aged continuous furnace is used.
T6 solution treated and artificially aged.
1.7.6 For plates over 300 mm in width, tensile test
specimens are to be cut with their length transverse to the
1.7 Test material principal direction of rolling. For narrow plates and for
sections and bars the test specimens are to be cut in the
1.7.1 Materials of the same product form, (i.e. plates, longitudinal direction. Longitudinal tensile test specimens are
sections or bars) and thickness and from a single cast or accepted for the strain hardenable 5000 series alloys.
equivalent, are to be presented for test in batches of not more
than 2 tonnes, with the exceptions of those given in 1.7.2,
1.7.3 and 1.7.4.

2 LLOYD’S REGISTER OF SHIPPING

R ULES FOR THE M ANUFACTURE , T ESTING AND C ERTIFICATION OF M ATERIALS , July 2000

Aluminium Alloys Chapter 8

Section 1

1.7.7 Longitudinal tensile test specimens from a plate are Table 8.1.5 Minimum mechanical properties for
to be taken at 1 / 3 width from the longitudinal edge. acceptance purposes of selected
Longitudinal tensile test specimens taken from extruded open profile extruded aluminium
sections should be taken in the range from 1/3 to 1/2 of the alloys
distance from the edge to the centre of the thickest region of
the section. Alloy 0,2% Tensile Elongation
and temper proof stress strength on 5,65 So
condition N/mm2 N/mm2 %
1.8 Mechanical tests 6005A–T5/T6 215 260 6
6061–T5/T6 240 260 8
1.8.1 At least one tensile test specimen is to be prepared 6082–T5/T6 260 310 8
from each batch of material submitted for acceptance.
NOTE
Values cover thicknesses up to and including 50 mm; thickness
1.8.2 Tensile test specimens are to be machined to the above 50 mm will be subject to special consideration.
dimensions given in Fig. 2.2.3 in Chapter 2. Alternatively,
machined proportional test specimens of circular cross-
section in accordance with Fig. 2.2.2 in Chapter 2 may be
used provided that the diameter is not less than 10 mm. Table 8.1.6 Minimum mechanical properties for
Round bars may be tested in full section, or test specimens acceptance purposes of selected
may be machined in accordance with the dimensions given in closed profile extruded aluminium
Fig. 2.2.2 in Chapter 2. alloys

1.8.3 The results of all tensile tests are to comply with the Alloy 0,2% Tensile Elongation
and temper proof stress strength on 5,65 So
values given in Tables 8.1.4 to 8.1.6, as applicable. condition N/mm2 N/mm2 %

6005A–T5/T6 215 250 5

Table 8.1.4 Minimum mechanical properties for 6061–T5/T6 205 245 4
acceptance purposes of selected 6082–T5/T6 240 290 5
rolled aluminium alloys NOTE
Values cover thicknesses up to and including 50 mm; thickness
Alloy 0,2% Tensile Elongation above 50 mm will be subject to special consideration.
and temper proof stress Rp, strength Rm, on 5,65 So
condition N/mm2 N/mm2 %

5083-0/H111 125 275 15 1.9.4 Where verification of fusion at pressure welds of

5083–H112 125 275 10 closed profile extrusions is by drift expansion test, testing is to
5083–H116 215 305 10
5083–H321 215 305 10
be generally in accordance with 4.3.4 and 4.3.5 and
5086–0/H111 100 240 16 Fig. 2.4.1 in Chapter 2. The minimum included angle of the
5086–H112 125 250 9 mandrel is to be 60°, and the minimum specimen length,
(see Note 1) (see Note 1) 50 mm. For acceptance, there is to be no failure by a clean
5086–H116 195 275 9 split along the weld line.
5086–H321 195 275 10
5754–0/H111 80 190 17

6061–T5/T6 240 290 10 1.10 Visual and non-destructive examination

6082–T5/T6 240 280 8

NOTES
1. For thicknesses above 12,5 mm: 0,2% Rp min. = 105 N/mm2
Rm min. = 240 N/mm2
2. Values cover thicknesses up to and including 50 mm; thickness
above 50 mm will be subject to special consideration.
1.9 Pressure weld tests
1.9.1 The integrity of pressure welds of closed profile
extrusions is to be verified by examination of macrosections or
drift expansion tests.
1.9.2 Every closed profile extrusion is to be sampled,
except where the closed profile extrusions are equal to or
shorter than 6,0 m long, in which case a batch is to comprise
five profiles. Every sample is to be tested at both ends.
1.10.1 Surface inspection and verification of dimensions
are the responsibility of the manufacturer, and acceptance by
the Surveyors of material later found to be defective shall not
absolve the manufacturer from this responsibility.
1.10.2 In general, the non-destructive examination of
materials is not required for acceptance purposes.
Manufacturers are expected, however, to employ suitable
methods of non-destructive examination for the general main-
tenance of quality standards.
1.10.3 For applications where the non-destructive
examination of materials is considered to be necessary, the
extent of this examination, together with appropriate accep-
tance standards, are to be agreed between the purchaser,
manufacturer and Surveyor.

1.9.3 Where verification is by examination of macro-

sections, no indication of lack of fusion is permitted.

LLOYD’S REGISTER OF SHIPPING 3

R ULES FOR THE M ANUFACTURE , T ESTING AND C ERTIFICATION OF M ATERIALS , July 2000

Aluminium Alloys Chapter 8

Sections 1 & 2

1.11 Rectification of defects 2.1.2 They are to be manufactured and tested in

accordance with the appropriate requirements of Section 1
1.11.1 Slight surface imperfections may be removed by and those detailed in this Section.
mechanical means, provided that the prior agreement of the
Surveyor is obtained, that the work is carried out to his
satisfaction and that the final dimensions are acceptable. The 2.2 Chemical composition
repair of defects by welding is not allowed.
2.2.1 The chemical composition of bars used for the
manufacture of rivets is to comply with the requirements of
1.12 Identification Table 8.2.1.

1.12.1 The manufacturer is to adopt a system of identifica-

tion which will ensure that all finished material in a batch Table 8.2.1 Chemical composition, percentage
presented for test is of the same nominal chemical
composition. Element 5154A 6082
Copper 0,10 max. 0,10 max.
1.12.2 Products are to be clearly marked by the manufac- Magnesium 3,1 – 3,9 0,6 – 1,2
turer in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 1. The Silicon 0,50 max. 0,7 – 1,3
following details are to be shown on all materials which have Iron 0,50 max. 0,50 max.
been accepted: Manganese 0,1 – 0,5 0,4 – 1,0
(a) Manufacturer’s name or trade mark. Zinc 0,20 max. 0,20 max.
(b) Alloy grade and temper condition. Chromium 0,25 max. 0,25 max.
(c) Identification mark which will enable the full history of the Titanium 0,20 max. 0,10 max.
Other elements: each 0,05 max. 0,05 max.
item to be traced.
total 0,15 max. 0,15 max.
(d) The stamp of the LR brand, . Aluminium Remainder Remainder

1.13 Certification
2.3 Heat treatment
1.13.1 The manufacturer’s test certificate can be accepted
provided it has been stamped and endorsed by the Surveyor. 2.3.1 Rivets are to be supplied in the following condition:
5154A – annealed
1.13.2 Each test certificate or shipping statement is to 6082 – solution treated.
include the following particulars:
(a) Purchaser’s name and order number.
(b) Contract number. 2.4 Test material
(c) Address to which material is to be despatched.
(d) Description and dimensions. 2.4.1 Bars intended for the manufacture of rivets are to
(e) Alloy grade and temper condition. be presented for test in batches of not more than 250 kg. The
(f) Identification mark which will enable the full history of the material in each batch is to be the same diameter and nominal
item to be traced. chemical composition.
(g) Chemical composition.
(h) Mechanical test results (not required on shipping 2.4.2 At least one test sample is to be selected from each
statement). batch and, prior to testing, is to be heat treated in full cross-
(j) Details of heat treatment, where applicable. section and in a manner simulating the heat treatment applied
to the finished rivets.
1.13.3 Where the alloy is not produced at the works at
which it is wrought, a certificate is to be supplied by the
manufacturer of the alloy stating the cast number and 2.5 Mechanical tests
chemical composition. The works at which the alloy was
produced must be approved by LR. 2.5.1 At least one tensile and one dump test specimen
are to be prepared from each test sample.

2.5.2 The tensile test specimen may be either a suitable

length of bar tested in full cross-section or a specimen
■ Section 2 machined to the dimensions given in Fig. 2.2.2 in Chapter 2.
Aluminium alloy rivets 2.5.3 The dump test specimen is to consist of a section
cut from the bar with the ends perpendicular to the axis. The
2.1 Scope
length of this section is to be equal to the diameter of the bar.
2.1.1 Provision is made in this Section for aluminium alloy
2.5.4 The results of tensile tests are to comply with the
rivets intended for use in the construction of marine
appropriate requirements of Table 8.2.2.
structures.

4 LLOYD’S REGISTER OF SHIPPING

R ULES FOR THE M ANUFACTURE , T ESTING AND C ERTIFICATION OF M ATERIALS , July 2000

Aluminium Alloys Chapter 8

Sections 2 & 3

Table 8.2.2 Mechanical properties for acceptance 3.1.3 As an alternative to 3.1.2, castings which comply
purposes with National or proprietary specifications may be accepted
provided that these specifications give reasonable
Mechanical properties 5154A 6082 equivalence to the requirements of this Section or are
approved for a specific application. Generally survey and
0,2% proof stress N/mm2 min. 90 120
certification are to be carried out in accordance with the
Tensile strength N/mm2 min. 220 190 requirements of Chapter 1.
Elongation on 5,65 So % min. 18 16

3.2 Manufacture
2.5.5 The dump test is to be carried out at ambient 3.2.1 Castings are to be manufactured at foundries
temperature and is to consist of compressing the specimen approved by LR.
until the diameter is increased to 1,6 times the original
diameter. After compression, the specimen is to be free from
cracks. 3.3 Quality of castings

3.3.1 All castings are to be free from surface or internal

2.6 Tests from manufactured rivets defects which would be prejudicial to their proper application
in service.
2.6.1 At least three samples are to be selected from each
consignment of manufactured rivets. Dump tests as detailed
in 2.5 are to be carried out on each sample. 3.4 Chemical composition

3.4.1 The chemical composition of a sample from each

2.7 Identification cast is to comply with the requirements given in Table 8.3.1.
Suitable grain refining elements may be used at the discretion
2.7.1 Each package of manufactured rivets is to be iden- of the manufacturer. The content of such elements is to be
tified with attached labels giving the following details: reported in the ladle analysis.
(a) Manufacturer’s name or trade mark.
(b) Alloy grade.
(c) Rivet size. Table 8.3.1 Chemical composition, percentage

Alloy Al–Mg 3 Al–Si 12 Al–Si 10 Mg Al–Si 7

2.8 Certification Element High purity
Copper 0,1 max 0,1 max. 0,1 max. 0,1 max.
2.8.1 The test certificate for each consignment of manu-
factured rivets is to include the following particulars: Magnesium 2,5—4,5 0,1 max. 0,15—0,4 0,25—0,45
(a) Purchaser’s name and order number. Silicon 0,5 max. 11,0—13,5 9,0—11,0 6,5—7,5
(b) Description and dimensions.
(c) Specification. Iron 0,5 max. 0,7 max. 0,6 max. 0,2 max.
Manganese 0,6 max. 0,5 max. 0,6 max. 0,1 max.
Zinc 0,2 max. 0,1 max. 0,1 max. 0,1 max.
Chromium 0,1 max. — — —
■ Section 3 Titanium 0,2 max. 0,2 max. 0,2 max. 0,2 max.
Aluminium alloy castings Others each 0,05 max. 0,05 max. 0,05 max. 0,05 max.
Total 0,15 max. 0,15 max. 0,15 max. 0,15 max.
3.1 Scope
Aluminium Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder
3.1.1 Provision is made in this Section for aluminium alloy
castings intended for use in the construction of ships, ships
for liquid chemicals and other marine structures, liquefied gas 3.4.2 Where it is proposed to use alloys not specified in
piping systems where the design temperature is not lower Table 8.3.1 details of the chemical composition, heat
than minus 165°C. These materials should not be used for treatment and mechanical properties are to be submitted for
piping systems outside cargo tanks except for short lengths of approval.
pipes attached to the cargo tanks in which case fire-resisting
insulation should be provided. 3.4.3 When a cast is wholly prepared from ingots for
which an analysis is already available, and provided that no
3.1.2 Castings are to be manufactured and tested in significant alloy additions are made during melting, the ingot
accordance with Chapters 1 and 2 and also with the maker’s certified analysis can be accepted subject to
requirements of this Section. occasional checks as required by the Surveyor.

LLOYD’S REGISTER OF SHIPPING 5

R ULES FOR THE M ANUFACTURE , T ESTING AND C ERTIFICATION OF M ATERIALS , July 2000

Aluminium Alloys Chapter 8

Section 3

3.5 Heat treatment Table 8.3.3 Minimum mechanical properties for

acceptance purposes of chill-cast
3.5.1 Castings are to be supplied in the following condi- reference test piece
tions:
Grade Al-Mg 3 – as-manufactured Temper Tensile strength Elongation
Alloy
Grade Al-Si 12 – as-manufactured (see Note) N/mm2 %
Grade Al-Si 10 Mg – as-manufactured or solution Al–Mg 3 M 150 5
heat treated and precipitation Al–Si 12 M 170 3
hardened Al–Si 10 Mg M 170 3
Grade Al-Si 7 Mg – solution heat treated and Al–Si 10 Mg TF 240 1,5
(high purity) – precipitation hardened. Al–Si 7 Mg TF 250 5
NOTE
M refers to as cast condition.
3.6 Mechanical tests TF refers to solution heat treated and precipitation hardened
condition.
3.6.1 At least one tensile specimen is to be tested from
each cast and, where heat treatment is involved, for each heat
treatment batch from each cast. Where continuous melting is 3.7 Visual examination
employed 500 kg of fettled castings may be regarded as a
cast. 3.7.1 All castings are to be cleaned and adequately
prepared for inspection.
3.6.2 The test samples are to be separately cast in
moulds made from the same type of material as used for the 3.7.2 The accuracy and verification of dimensions are the
castings. These moulds should conform to National responsibility of the manufacturer, unless otherwise agreed.
Standards.
3.7.3 Before acceptance, all castings are to be presented
3.6.3 The method and procedures for the identification of to the Surveyor for visual examination.
the test specimens, and the castings they represent, are to be
agreed with the Surveyor. The identification marks are to be
maintained during the preparation of test specimens. 3.8 Rectification of defective castings

3.6.4 Where castings are supplied in the heat treated
condition, the test samples are to be heat treated together
with the castings which they represent prior to testing.
3.6.5 The results of all tensile tests are to comply with the
appropriate requirements given in Table 8.3.2 and/or
Table 8.3.3.
3.8.1 At the discretion of the Surveyor, small surface
blemishes may be removed by local grinding.
3.8.2 Where appropriate, repair by welding may be
accepted at the discretion of the Surveyor. Such repair is to
be made in accordance with an approved procedure.

3.9 Pressure testing

Table 8.3.2 Minimum mechanical properties for
acceptance purposes of sand-cast 3.9.1 Where required by the relevant Rules, castings are
and investment cast reference test to be pressure tested before final acceptance. Unless other-
pieces wise agreed, these tests are to be carried out in the presence
and to the satisfaction of the Surveyor.
Temper Tensile strength Elongation
Alloy
(see Note) N/mm2 %
Al–Mg 3 M 150 5 3.10 Identification
Al–Si 12 M 150 3
Al–Si 10 Mg M 150 2 3.10.1 The manufacturer is to adopt a system of identifica-
Al–Si 10 Mg TF 220 1 tion which will enable all finished castings to be traced to the
Al–Si 7 Mg TF 230 5 original cast and the Surveyor is to be given full facilities for so
NOTE tracing the casting when required.
M refers to as cast condition.
TF refers to solution heat treated and precipitation hardened 3.10.2 All castings which have been tested and inspected
condition. with satisfactory results are to be clearly marked with the
following details:
(a) Identification number, cast number or other markings
3.6.6 Where the results of a test do not comply with the which will enable the full history of the casting to be
requirements the re-test procedure detailed in Ch 1,1.11 is to traced.
be applied. Where castings are to be used in the heat treated (b) LR or Lloyd’s Register and the abbreviated name of LR’s
condition the re-test sample must have been heat treated local office.
together with the castings it represents. (c) Personal stamp of the Surveyor responsible for the
inspection.

6 LLOYD’S REGISTER OF SHIPPING

R ULES FOR THE M ANUFACTURE , T ESTING AND C ERTIFICATION OF M ATERIALS , July 2000

Aluminium Alloys Chapter 8

Sections 3 & 4

(d) Test pressure where applicable. 4.3 Visual and non-destructive examination
(e) Date of final inspection.
4.3.1 Each composite plate is to be subjected to 100 per
3.10.3 Where small castings are manufactured in large cent visual and ultrasonic examination in accordance with a
numbers, modified arrangements for identification may be relevant National Standard to determine the extent of any
specially agreed with the Surveyor. unbonded areas. Unbonded areas are unacceptable and any
such area plus 25 mm of surrounding sound material is to be
discarded.
3.11 Certification

3.11.1 The manufacturer is to provide the Surveyor with a 4.4 Mechanical tests
written statement giving the following particulars for each
casting or batch of castings which have been accepted: 4.4.1 Two shear test specimens and two tensile test
(a) Purchaser’s name and order number. specimens are to be taken from each end of each composite
(b) Description of castings and alloy type. plate for tests to be made on the bond strength. One shear
(c) Identification number. and one tensile test specimen from each end are to be tested
(d) Ingot or cast analysis. at ambient temperature after heating to the maximum
(e) General details of heat treatment, where applicable. allowable interface temperature, see 4.2.1; the other two
(f) Results of mechanical tests. specimens are to be tested without heat treatment.
(g) Test pressure, where applicable.
4.4.2 Shear tests may be made on a specimen as shown
in Fig. 8.4.1 or an appropriate equivalent. Tensile tests may
be made across the interface by welding extension pieces to
each surface or by the ram method shown in Fig. 8.4.2 or by
■ Section 4 an appropriate alternative method.
Aluminium/steel transition joints
4.1 Scope
Load p Load p
Test piece
4.1.1 Provision is made in this Section for explosion
Jig Jig
bonded composite aluminium/steel transition joints used for
connecting aluminium structures to steel plating.

4.1.2 Each individual application is to be separately

approved as required by the relevant Rules dealing with
design and construction.

4.2 Manufacture

4.2.1 Transition joints are to be manufactured by an

approved producer in accordance with an approved
specification which is to include the maximum temperature
allowable at the interface during welding.
t + (0,10 to 0,15)

4.2.2 The aluminium material is to comply with the

Fig. 8.4.1
requirements of Section 1 and the steel is to be of an
Specimen and procedure for shear tests
appropriate grade complying with the requirements of Ch 3,2.

4.2.3 Alternative materials which comply with

International, National or proprietary specifications may be
accepted provided that they give reasonable equivalence to
the requirements of 4.2.2 or are approved for a specific
application.
4.2.4 Intermediate layers between the aluminium and
steel may be used, in which case the material of any such
layer is to be specified by the manufacturer and is to be
recorded in the approval certificate. Any such intermediate
layer is then to be used in all production transition joints.
4.4.3 The shear and tensile strengths of all the test
specimens are to comply with the requirements of the
manufacturing specification.
4.4.4 If either the shear or tensile strength of the bond is
less than the specified minimum but not less than 70 per cent
of the specified minimum, two additional shear and two tensile
test specimens from each end of the composite plate are to
be tested and, in addition bend tests as described in 4.4.6
and Table 8.4.1 are to be made.

LLOYD’S REGISTER OF SHIPPING 7

R ULES FOR THE M ANUFACTURE , T ESTING AND C ERTIFICATION OF M ATERIALS , July 2000

Aluminium Alloys Chapter 8

Section 4

4.5 Identification

4.5.1 Each acceptable transition strip is to be clearly

marked with the following particulars:
(a) LR or Lloyd’s Register and the abbreviated name of
LR’s local office.
Ram (b) Manufacturer’s name or trade mark.
(c) Identification mark for the grade of aluminium.
(d) Identification mark for the grade of steel.
The particulars are to be stamped on the aluminium surface at
one end of the strip.
Test
Bond specimen
zone 4.6 Certification

4.6.1 Each test certificate or shipping statement is to

include the following particulars:
(a) Purchaser’s name and order number.
(b) The contract number for which the material is intended,
if known.
(c) Address to which the material is dispatched.
Base
(d) Description and dimensions of the material.
block (e) Specifications or grades of both the aluminium alloy and
the steel and any intermediate layer.
(f) Cast numbers of the steel and aluminium plates.
(g) Identification number of the composite plate.
(h) Mechanical test results (not required on shipping
statement).
Fig. 8.4.2 Ram tensile test

Table 8.4.1 Bend tests on explosion bonded

aluminium/steel composites

Minimum Diameter
Type of test
bend, degrees of former
Aluminium in tension 90 3T
Steel in tension 90 3T
Side bend 90 6T
NOTE
T is the total thickness of the composite plate.

4.4.5 If either the shear or tensile strength of the bond is

less than 70 per cent of the specified minimum the cause is
to be investigated. After evaluation of the results of this
investigation, LR will consider the extent of composite plate
which is to be rejected.

4.4.6 Bend tests, when required, are to be made under

the following conditions, as listed in Table 8.4.1:
(a) The aluminium plate is in tension.
(b) The steel plate is in tension.
(c) A side bend is applied.

8 LLOYD’S REGISTER OF SHIPPING