Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PCM
PCM
1DPH
&ODVV
3&0HQFRGLQJ
([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ
3UHOLPLQDU\GLVFXVVLRQ
$V\RXNQRZGLJLWDOWUDQVPLVVLRQV\VWHPVDUHVWHDGLO\UHSODFLQJDQDORJV\VWHPVLQFRPPHUFLDO
FRPPXQLFDWLRQVDSSOLFDWLRQV7KLVLVHVSHFLDOO\WUXHLQWHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV7KDWEHLQJWKHFDVH
DQXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIGLJLWDOWUDQVPLVVLRQV\VWHPVLVFUXFLDOIRUWHFKQLFDOSHRSOHLQWKH
WHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVLQGXVWU\
3XOVH&RGH0RGXODWLRQ3&0LVDZLGHO\XVHGGLJLWDOWUDQVPLVVLRQV\VWHPIRUFRQYHUWLQJDQDORJ
PHVVDJHVLJQDOVVXFKDVVSHHFKWRDVHULDOVWUHDPRIVDQGV7KHFRQYHUVLRQSURFHVVLV
FDOOHGHQFRGLQJ$WLWVVLPSOHVWHQFRGLQJLQYROYHV
6DPSOLQJWKHDQDORJVLJQDO·VYROWDJHDWUHJXODULQWHUYDOVXVLQJDVDPSOHDQGKROGVFKHPH
&RPSDULQJHDFKVDPSOHWRDVHWRIUHIHUHQFHYROWDJHVFDOOHGTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOV
'HFLGLQJZKLFKTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOWKHVDPSOHGYROWDJHLVFORVHVWWR
*HQHUDWLQJWKHELQDU\QXPEHUIRUWKDWTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHO
2XWSXWWLQJWKHELQDU\QXPEHURQHELWDWDWLPHWKDWLVLQVHULDOIRUP
7DNLQJWKHQH[WVDPSOHDQGUHSHDWLQJWKHSURFHVV
$QLPSRUWDQW3&0SHUIRUPDQFHLVVXHUHODWHVWRWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHVDPSOHYROWDJH
DQGWKHTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOVWKDWLWLVFRPSDUHGWR7RH[SODLQPRVWVDPSOHGYROWDJHVZLOOQRWEH
WKHVDPHDVDQ\RIWKHTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOV$VPHQWLRQHGDERYHWKH3&0(QFRGHUDVVLJQVWR
WKHVDPSOHWKHTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOWKDWLVFORVHVWWRLW+RZHYHULQWKHSURFHVVWKHRULJLQDO
VDPSOH·VYDOXHLVORVWDQGWKHGLIIHUHQFHLVNQRZQDVTXDQWL]DWLRQHUURU,PSRUWDQWO\WKHHUURU
LVUHSURGXFHGZKHQWKH3&0GDWDLVGHFRGHGE\WKHUHFHLYHUEHFDXVHWKHUHLVQRZD\IRUWKH
UHFHLYHUWRNQRZZKDWWKHRULJLQDOVDPSOHYROWDJHZDV7KHVL]HRIWKHHUURULVDIIHFWHGE\WKH
QXPEHURITXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOV7KHPRUHTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOVWKHUHDUHRYHUDJLYHQUDQJHWKH
FORVHUWKH\DUHWRJHWKHU7KLVPHDQVWKDWWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOVDQG
WKHVDPSOHVLVVPDOOHUDQGVRWKHHUURULVORZHU
$QRWKHULVVXHWKDWLVFUXFLDOWRWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKH3&0V\VWHPLVWKHHQFRGHU·VFORFN
IUHTXHQF\7KHFORFNWHOOVWKH3&0HQFRGHUZKHQWRVDPSOHWKHLQSXW6DPSOLQJPXVWRFFXUDW
QROHVVWKDQWZLFHWKHPHVVDJHIUHTXHQF\WRDYRLGSUREOHPFDOOHGDOLDVLQJRULIWKHPHVVDJH
FRQWDLQVPRUHWKDQRQHVLQHZDYHDWOHDVWWZLFHLWVKLJKHVWIUHTXHQF\$VWKHHIIHFWRI
DOLDVLQJLVH[SHULHQFHGDWWKHRXWSXWRIWKH3&0V\VWHPIXUWKHUGLVFXVVLRQRQWKLVLVVXHLVOHIW
WRWKH3&0GHFRGLQJH[SHULPHQW
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ
$OLWWOHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOHRQWKH(PRQD)27([
7KH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOHXVHVD3&0HQFRGLQJDQGGHFRGLQJFKLSFDOOHGDFRGHFWRFRQYHUW
DQDORJYROWDJHVEHWZHHQ9DQG9WRDELWELQDU\QXPEHU:LWKVHYHQELWVLW·V
SRVVLEOHWRSURGXFHGLIIHUHQWQXPEHUVEHWZHHQDQGLQFOXVLYH7KLVLQWXUQ
PHDQVWKDWWKHUHDUHTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOVRQHIRUHDFKQXPEHU
(DFKELQDU\QXPEHULVDYDLODEOHRQWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWLQVHULDOIRUPLQELW
IUDPHV7KHELQDU\QXPEHU·VPRVWVLJQLILFDQWELWLVVHQWILUVWDQGVRLVIRXQGRQELWRIWKH
IUDPH7KHQXPEHU·VQH[WPRVWVLJQLILFDQWELWLVVHQWQH[WDQGVRRQWRWKHOHDVWVLJQLILFDQWELW
ZKLFKLVIRXQGRQELWRIWKHIUDPH%LWRIWKHIUDPHLVDIUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQELWXVHG
E\WKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOHWRILQGWKHEHJLQQLQJRIHDFKIUDPH,WVLPSO\DOWHUQDWHVEHWZHHQ
DQGRQVXFFHVVLYHIUDPHV+RZWKLVLVXVHGE\WKH3&0'HFRGLQJPRGXOHIRUIUDPH
V\QFKURQL]DWLRQLVH[SODLQLQWKH3&0'HFRGLQJH[SHULPHQW
7KH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOHDOVRRXWSXWVDVHSDUDWH)UDPH6\QFKURQL]DWLRQVLJQDO)6WKDWJRHV
KLJKDWWKHVDPHWLPHDVWKHIUDPH·VV\QFKURQL]DWLRQELWLVRXWSXWWHG7KH)6RXWSXWLVQRW
QHHGHGE\WKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOHDQGKDVEHHQSURYLGHGRQWKH)27([SXUHO\IRUVFRSH
WULJJHULQJ
)LJXUHEHORZVKRZVDQH[DPSOHRIWKUHHIUDPHVRID3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWGDWD
WRJHWKHUZLWKLWVFORFNLQSXWDQGLWV)6RXWSXW%LWVWRDUHVKRZQDVERWKDDQGD
EHFDXVHWKH\FRXOGEHHLWKHUGHSHQGLQJRQWKHVL]HRIWKHDQDORJLQSXW
&ORFN
3&0
)6
([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
3UHUHTXLVLWHV
([SHULPHQW$QLQWURGXFWLRQWRWKH1,(/9,6,,WHVWHTXLSPHQW
([SHULPHQW$QLQWURGXFWLRQWRWKH(PRQD)27([
(TXLSPHQW
3HUVRQDOFRPSXWHUZLWKDSSURSULDWHVRIWZDUHLQVWDOOHG
1,(/9,6,,SOXV86%FDEOHDQGSRZHUSDFN
(PRQD)27([H[SHULPHQWDODGGLQPRGXOH
7ZR%1&WRPPEDQDQDSOXJOHDGV
$VVRUWHGPPEDQDQDSOXJSDWFKOHDGV
3URFHGXUH
3DUW$²$QLQWURGXFWLRQWR3&0HQFRGLQJXVLQJDVWDWLF'&YROWDJH
(QVXUHWKDWWKH1,(/9,6,,SRZHUVZLWFKDWWKHEDFNRIWKHXQLWLVRII
&DUHIXOO\SOXJWKH(PRQD)27([H[SHULPHQWDODGGLQPRGXOHLQWRWKH1,(/9,6,,
,QVHUWWKHKROGLQJVFUHZVWRVHFXUHWKH)27([PRGXOHWRWKH1,(/9,6,,
1RWH7KLVPD\DOUHDG\EHGRQHIRU\RX,IQRWWKHVFUHZVDUHVXSSOLHGZLWKWKH1,
(/9,6,,DQGDUHLQVHUWHGWKURXJKKROHVLQWKHWRSOHIWDQGULJKWFRUQHUVRIWKH)27([
1RWH7KLVPXVWEHGRQHZLWKWKHSRZHURIIWRDYRLGGDPDJLQJWKH)27([
&RQQHFWWKH1,(/9,6,,WRWKH3&XVLQJWKH86%FDEOH
1RWH7KLVPD\DOUHDG\KDYHEHHQGRQHIRU\RX
7XUQRQWKH1,(/9,6,,SRZHUVZLWFKDWWKHUHDURIWKHXQLWWKHQWXUQRQLWV
3URWRW\SLQJ%RDUG3RZHUVZLWFKDWWKHWRSULJKWFRUQHUQHDUWKHSRZHULQGLFDWRU
7XUQRQWKH3&DQGOHWLWERRWXS
/DXQFKWKH1,(/9,6P[VRIWZDUH
6HWWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·V0RGHVZLWFKWRWKH3&0SRVLWLRQ
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ
&RQQHFWWKHVHWXSVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZ
1RWH,QVHUWWKHEODFNSOXJVRIWKHRVFLOORVFRSHOHDGVLQWRDJURXQG*1'VRFNHW
1RWH7KH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·V,1387FDQEHFRQQHFWHGWRDQ\DYDLODEOHJURXQG
VRFNHW
MASTER PCM
SIGNALS ENCODER
PCM TDM
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrm s m ax
1 00 kHz
DIGITAL CH 0
10 kHz INPUT 2 FS
DIGITAL
2kHz CH 1
DIGITAL
5 00 Hz INPUT 1 PCM
DIGITAL DATA
2kHz CLK
SINE
GND
)LJXUH
7KLVVHWXSFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUHEHORZ7KH3&0(QFRGHU
PRGXOHLVFORFNHGE\WKH0DVWHU6LJQDOVPRGXOH·VN+]',*,7$/RXWSXWDQGLWVDQDORJLQSXW
LVFRQQHFWHGWR9'&
)6
3&0(QFRGHU 7R&+
29
,1 3&0GDWD
&/.
3&0FORFN
N+] 7R&+
0DVWHU
6LJQDOV
)LJXUH
([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
/DXQFKDQGUXQWKH1,(/9,6,,2VFLOORVFRSH9,
6HWXSWKHVFRSHSHUWKHSURFHGXUHLQ([SHULPHQWSDJHZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ
FKDQJHV
6FDOHFRQWUROIRUERWKFKDQQHOVWRWKH9GLYSRVLWLRQLQVWHDGRIWKH9GLYSRVLWLRQ
&RXSOLQJFRQWUROIRUERWKFKDQQHOVWRWKH'&SRVLWLRQLQVWHDGRIWKH$&SRVLWLRQ
7ULJJHU/HYHOFRQWUROWR9LQVWHDGRI9
7LPHEDVHFRQWUROWRWKHVGLYSRVLWLRQLQVWHDGRIWKHVGLYSRVLWLRQ
6HWWKHVFRSH·V6ORSHFRQWUROWRWKHSRVLWLRQ
6HWWLQJWKH6ORSHFRQWUROWRWKH´µSRVLWLRQPDNHVWKHVFRSHVWDUWLWVVZHHSDFURVVWKHVFUHHQ
ZKHQWKH)6VLJQDOJRHVIURPKLJKWRORZLQVWHDGRIORZWRKLJK<RXFDQUHDOO\QRWLFHWKH
GLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHWZRVHWWLQJVLI\RXIOLSWKHVFRSH·V6ORSHFRQWUROEDFNDQGIRUWK,I
\RXGRWKLVPDNHVXUHWKDWWKH6ORSHFRQWUROILQLVKHVRQWKH´µSRVLWLRQ
6HWWKHVFRSH·V7LPHEDVHFRQWUROWRWKH
VGLYSRVLWLRQ
1RWH7KH)6VLJQDO·VSXOVHVKRXOGEHRQH
GLYLVLRQZLGHDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH,ILW·V
QRWDGMXVWWKHIXQFWLRQJHQHUDWRU·VRXWSXW
IUHTXHQF\XQWLOLWLV
1RWH6HWWLQJWKHIXQFWLRQJHQHUDWRU
WKLVZD\PDNHVHDFKELWLQWKHVHULDOGDWD
VWUHDPRQHGLYLVLRQZLGHRQWKHJUDWLFXOH·V
KRUL]RQWDOD[LV )LJXUH
$FWLYDWHWKHVFRSH·V&KDQQHOLQSXWE\FKHFNLQJWKH&KDQQHO(QDEOHGER[WRREVHUYH
WKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·V&/.LQSXWDVZHOODVLWV)6RXWSXW
7LS7RVHHWKHWZRZDYHIRUPVFOHDUO\\RXPD\QHHGWRDGMXVWWKHVFRSHVRWKDWWKH
WZRVLJQDOVDUHQRWRYHUOD\HG'RWKLVE\VHWWLQJWKH&KDQQHO9HUWLFDO3RVLWLRQFRQWURO
WR9DQGWKH&KDQQHO9HUWLFDO3RVLWLRQFRQWUROWR9
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ
'UDZWKHWZRZDYHIRUPVWRVFDOHLQWKHVSDFHSURYLGHGEHORZOHDYLQJHQRXJKURRPIRUD
WKLUGGLJLWDOVLJQDO
7LS'UDZWKHFORFNVLJQDOLQWKHXSSHUWKLUGRIWKHJUDSKSDSHUDQGWKH)6VLJQDOLQWKH
PLGGOHWKLUG
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
&RQQHFWWKHVFRSH·V&KDQQHOLQSXWWRWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWDVVKRZQLQ
)LJXUHEHORZ
5HPHPEHU'RWWHGOLQHVVKRZOHDGVDOUHDG\LQSODFH
MASTER PCM
SIGNALS ENCODER
PCM TDM
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrms max
1 00 kHz
DIGITAL CH 0
10 kHz INPUT 2 FS
DIGITAL
2kHz
DIGITAL CH 1
50 0 Hz INPUT 1 PCM
DIGITAL DATA
2kHz CLK
SINE
GND
)LJXUH
7KHFKDQJHWRWKHVFRSH·VFRQQHFWLRQFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUH
EHORZ&KDQQHOVKRXOGQRZGLVSOD\ELWVRIWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VGDWDRXWSXW5HDGLQJ
IURPWKHOHIWRIWKHGLVSOD\WKHILUVWELWVEHORQJWRRQHIUDPHDQGWKHODVWWZRELWVEHORQJ
WRWKHQH[WIUDPH
)6
7R&+
29
,1 3&0GDWD
7R&+
&/.
N+]
)LJXUH
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ
'UDZWKLVZDYHIRUPWRVFDOHLQWKHVSDFHWKDW\RXOHIWRQWKHJUDSKSDSHU
4XHVWLRQ
,QGLFDWHRQ\RXUGUDZLQJWKHVWDUWDQGHQGRIWKHIUDPH7LS,I\RX·UHQRWVXUHZKHUH
WKHVHSRLQWVDUHUHUHDGWKHSUHOLPLQDU\GLVFXVVLRQ
4XHVWLRQ
,QGLFDWHRQ\RXUGUDZLQJWKHVWDUWDQGHQGRIHDFKELW
4XHVWLRQ
,QGLFDWHRQ\RXUGUDZLQJZKLFKELWLQWKH3&0GDWDLVWKHIUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQELW
7LS7KLVELWRFFDVLRQDOO\WRJJOHVEHWZHHQORJLFDQGORJLF
4XHVWLRQ
,QGLFDWHRQ\RXUGUDZLQJZKLFKELWLQWKH3&0GDWDLVWKHELQDU\QXPEHU·VPRVW
VLJQLILFDQWELW06%DQGLWVOHDVWVLJQLILFDQWELW/6%
4XHVWLRQ
:KDWLVWKHELWELQDU\QXPEHUWKDWWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOHLVRXWSXWWLQJ"
7KHRUHWLFDOO\WKHQXPEHUVKRXOGEH+RZHYHULQSUDFWLFHLWZLOOYDU\
DERYHDQGEHORZWKLVQXPEHUIURPXQLWWRXQLWGXHWRVPDOODPRXQWVRI'&RIIVHW
4XHVWLRQ
:K\GRHVWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOHRXWSXWWKLVFRGHIRU9'&DQGQRW"
7RDOORZWKH3&0(QFRGHUWRHQFRGHYROWDJHVDERYHDQGEHORZ9ZKLFKLVDSURSHUW\RI
DQDORJPHVVDJHVLJQDOVVXFKDVVSHHFKDQGPXVLF
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
3DUW%²3&0HQFRGLQJRIDYDULDEOH'&YROWDJH
6RIDU\RXKDYHXVHGWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOHWRFRQYHUWDIL[HG'&YROWDJH9WR3&07KH
QH[WSDUWRIWKHH[SHULPHQWOHWV\RXVHHZKDWKDSSHQVZKHQ\RXYDU\WKH'&YROWDJH
/DXQFKDQGUXQWKH(PRQD9DU'&9,
1RWH7KH(PRQD9DU'&9,LVDQLQVWUXPHQWWKDWXVHVWKH1,(/9,6,,KDUGZDUHWR
RXWSXWDQDGMXVWDEOHELSRODU'&YROWDJHWRWKH'$&RXWSXWRQWKH)27([
&KHFNZLWKWKHLQVWUXFWRUWKDWWKH(PRQD9DU'&9,·VGHIDXOWGHYLFHQXPEHULV
DSSURSULDWHIRUWKH3&VHWXSWKDW\RX·UHXVLQJ
6HWWKH9DU'&·VRXWSXWWR9
8QSOXJWKHSDWFKOHDGFRQQHFWHGWRWKHJURXQGVRFNHW
0RGLI\WKHVHWXSDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZ
PCM TDM
SCOPE
ANALOG I/ O 10VDC
7Vrm s m ax
10 0kHz
ACH1 DAC1 DIGITAL CH 0
1 0kHz INPUT 2 FS
DIGITAL
2 kHz
ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL CH 1
VARIABLE DC
5 0 0Hz INPUT 1 PCM
+ DIGITAL DATA
2 kHz CLK
SINE
)LJXUH
7KLVVHWXSFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUHRQWKHQH[WSDJH7KH(PRQD
9DU'&9,LVXVHGIRUWKH'&YROWDJHRQWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VLQSXW
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ
)6
7R&+
,1 3&0GDWD
7R&+
&/.
(PRQD
9DU'&9, N+]
)LJXUH
'HWHUPLQHWKHELWQXPEHURQWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXW
7LS5HPHPEHUWKHILUVWHLJKWKRUL]RQWDOGLYLVLRQVRIWKHVFRSH·VJUDWLFXOHFRUUHVSRQG
ZLWKRQHIUDPHRIWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXW
7LS5HPHPEHUWKDWELWLVDIUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQELW
1RWH<RXVKRXOGILQGWKDWWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWLVUHDVRQDEO\FORVHWRWKH
FRGH\RXGHWHUPLQHGHDUOLHUZKHQWKHPRGXOH·VLQSXWZDVFRQQHFWHGGLUHFWO\WRJURXQG
1XPEHU
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
,QFUHDVHWKH9DU'&9,·VRXWSXWYROWDJHLQVPDOOLQFUHPHQWVLQWKHQHJDWLYHGLUHFWLRQDQG
QRWHZKDWKDSSHQVWRWKHELQDU\QXPEHURQWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXW
4XHVWLRQ
:KDWKDSSHQVWRWKHELQDU\QXPEHUDVWKHLQSXWYROWDJHLQFUHDVHVLQWKHQHJDWLYH
GLUHFWLRQ"
7KHQXPEHUJHWVVPDOOHU
'HWHUPLQHWKHILUVWLQVWDQFHRIWKHFKDQJLQJQHJDWLYHYROWDJHWKDWSURGXFHVWKHQXPEHU
RQWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXW
5HFRUGWKLVYROWDJHLQ7DEOHEHORZ
7DEOH
3&0(QFRGHU·V 3&0(QFRGHU·V
RXWSXWQXPEHU LQSXWYROWDJH
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
5HWXUQWKH9DU'&9,·VRXWSXWWR9
,QFUHDVHWKH9DU'&9,·VRXWSXWYROWDJHLQVPDOOLQFUHPHQWVLQWKHSRVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDQG
QRWHZKDWKDSSHQVWRWKHELQDU\QXPEHURQWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXW
4XHVWLRQ
:KDWKDSSHQVWRWKHELQDU\QXPEHUDVWKHLQSXWYROWDJHLQFUHDVHVLQWKHSRVLWLYH
GLUHFWLRQ"
7KHQXPEHUJHWVELJJHU
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ
'HWHUPLQHWKHORZHVWSRVLWLYHYROWDJHWKDWSURGXFHVWKHQXPEHURQWKH3&0
(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXW
5HFRUGWKLVYROWDJHLQ7DEOHEHORZ
7DEOH
3&0(QFRGHU·V 3&0(QFRGHU·V
RXWSXWQXPEHU LQSXWYROWDJH
4XHVWLRQ
%DVHGRQWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLQ7DEOHV ZKDWLVWKHPD[LPXPDOORZDEOHSHDNWRSHDN
YROWDJHIRUDQ$&VLJQDORQWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·V,1387"
7\SLFDOO\9SS7KHYDOXHVLQ7DEOHV VKRXOGEHDERXW9
4XHVWLRQ
&DOFXODWHWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOVE\
VXEWUDFWLQJWKHYDOXHVLQ7DEOHV DQGGLYLGLQJWKHQXPEHUE\WKHQXPEHURI
SRVVLEOHQXPEHUV
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
3DUW&²3&0HQFRGLQJRIFRQWLQXRXVO\FKDQJLQJYROWDJHV
1RZOHW·VVHHZKDWKDSSHQVZKHQWKH3&0HQFRGHULVXVHGWRFRQYHUWFRQWLQXRXVO\FKDQJLQJ
VLJQDOVOLNHDVLQHZDYH
&ORVHWKH9DU'&·V9,
'LVFRQQHFWWKHSOXJVWRWKH'$&RXWSXW
0RGLI\WKHVHWXSDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZ
MASTER PCM
SIGNALS ENCODER
PCM TDM
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrm s max
10 0kHz
DIGITAL CH 0
10kHz INPUT 2 FS
DIGITAL
2 kHz
DIGITAL CH 1
50 0Hz INPUT 1 PCM
DIGITAL DATA
2 kHz CLK
SINE
)LJXUH
7KHFKDQJHVWRWKHVHWXSVKRZQLQ)LJXUHFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUH
RQWKHQH[WSDJH7KH9DU'&KDVEHHQUHSODFHGE\WKH0DVWHU6LJQDOVPRGXOH·VN+]6,1(
RXWSXWWRPRGHODFRQWLQXRXVO\FKDQJLQJPHVVDJH
1RWLFHDOVRWKDWWKHELWFORFNIUHTXHQF\KDVEHHQLQFUHDVHGWRN+]7KLVKDVEHHQGRQHWR
DYRLGWKHSUREOHPRIDOLDVLQJPHQWLRQHGLQWKHSUHOLPLQDU\GLVFXVVLRQ:LWKRXWJRLQJLQWRWRR
PXFKGHWDLODWWKLVVWDJHDOLDVLQJRFFXUVZKHQWKHVDPSOHUDWHLVOHVVWKDQWZLFHWKHPHVVDJH
IUHTXHQF\$N+]FORFNJLYHVDVDPSOHUDWHRIVDPSOHVSHUVHFRQGN6DVZKLFKLV
ZHOOEHORZWKHN6DVPLQLPXPUHTXLUHGIRUDN+]PHVVDJH8VLQJN+]FORFNJLYHVD
VDPSOHUDWHRIN6DVZKLFKFRPIRUWDEO\H[FHHGVWKHPLQLPXPVDPSOLQJUHTXLUHPHQW
:K\LVWKHVDPSOHUDWHVRPXFKORZHUWKDQWKHELWFORFNIUHTXHQF\"5HFDOOWKDWWKH3&0
(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWLVVHULDOGDWD%HLQJDQELWZRUGWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOHUHTXLUHV
HLJKWFORFNSXOVHVWRRXWSXWHDFKIUDPH7KDWEHLQJWKHFDVHWKHUH·VQRSRLQWLQWKH3&0
(QFRGHUPRGXOHVDPSOLQJWKHDQDORJLQSXWDWDUDWHJUHDWHUWKDQRQHHLJKWKRIWKHFORFN:KDW
ZRXOGLWGRZLWKWKHH[WUDLQIRUPDWLRQ"
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ
)6
7R&+
N+] ,1 3&0GDWD
7R&+
&/.
0DVWHU
6LJQDOV N+]
)LJXUH
:DWFKWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWRQWKHVFRSH·VGLVSOD\
4XHVWLRQ
:K\GRHVWKHFRGHRQ3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWFKDQJHFRQWLQXRXVO\"
%HFDXVHHYHU\WLPHLWVDPSOHVWKHLQSXWVLJQDOLWVYROWDJHLVGLIIHUHQWVRWKLVSURGXFHV
DGLIIHUHQWQXPEHU
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHILQLVKLQJ
([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0HQFRGLQJ
1DPH
&ODVV
3&0GHFRGLQJ
([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ
3UHOLPLQDU\GLVFXVVLRQ
7KHSUHYLRXVH[SHULPHQWLQWURGXFHG\RXWRWKHEDVLFVRISXOVHFRGHPRGXODWLRQ3&0ZKLFK
\RX·OOUHFDOOLVDV\VWHPIRUFRQYHUWLQJDQDORJPHVVDJHVLJQDOVWRDFRQWLQXRXVVHULDOVWUHDPRI
ELQDU\QXPEHUVHQFRGLQJ5HFRYHULQJWKHPHVVDJHIURPWKHVHULDOVWUHDPRIELQDU\QXPEHUV
LVFDOOHGGHFRGLQJ
$WLWVVLPSOHVWGHFRGLQJLQYROYHV
,GHQWLI\LQJHDFKQHZIUDPHLQWKHGDWDVWUHDP
([WUDFWLQJWKHELQDU\QXPEHUIURPHDFKIUDPH
*HQHUDWLQJDYROWDJHWKDWLVSURSRUWLRQDOWRWKHELQDU\QXPEHU
+ROGLQJWKHYROWDJHRQWKHRXWSXWXQWLOWKHQH[WIUDPHKDVEHHQGHFRGHG
5HFRQVWUXFWLQJWKHPHVVDJHE\SDVVLQJWKH3$0VLJQDOWKURXJKDORZSDVVILOWHU
%HIRUHH[SHULPHQWLQJZLWK3&0HQFRGLQJDQGGHFRGLQJWKHUHDUHDIHZLVVXHVWKDWVKRXOGEH
GLVFXVVHGILUVW7ZRDUHFUXFLDOWRWKHV\VWHP·VUHOLDEOHRSHUDWLRQDQGRQHLVFUXFLDOWRLWV
RYHUDOOSHUIRUPDQFH
5HOLDEOH3&0HQFRGLQJDQGGHFRGLQJGHPDQGVWKDWWKH3&0GHFRGHU·VELWFORFNLVV\QFKURQL]HG
WRWKH3&0GDWDVLJQDO·VELWFORFN7KDWLVWKH\PXVWEHWKHVDPHIUHTXHQF\DQGSKDVHDOLJQHG
,IQRWVRPHRIWKHWUDQVPLWWHGELWVDUHUHDGWZLFHZKLOHRWKHUVDUHFRPSOHWHO\PLVVHG7KLV
UHVXOWVLQVRPHRIWKHWUDQVPLWWHGQXPEHUVEHLQJLQFRUUHFWO\LQWHUSUHWHGZKLFKLQWXUQFDXVHV
WKH3&0GHFRGHUWRRXWSXWDQLQFRUUHFWYROWDJH7KHHUURUFDQEHDXGLEOHDVQRLVHDQGRU
GLVWRUWLRQ6RPH3&0GHFRGHUVLQFOXGLQJWKH)27([3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOHPDQDJHELWFORFN
V\QFKURQL]DWLRQE\UHJHQHUDWLQJWKHRULJLQDOELWFORFNIURPWKH3&0GDWDLWVHOI7KDWVDLGWKLV
H[SHULPHQWZLOOVLPSO\´VWHDOµWKHELWFORFNIURPWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOHDQGOHDYHELWFORFN
UHJHQHUDWLRQWRDQRWKHUH[SHULPHQW
5HOLDEOH3&0HQFRGLQJDQGGHFRGLQJDOVRGHPDQGVWKDWWKH3&0GHFRGHUUHFRJQL]HVWKH
FRUUHFWELWLQWKHGDWDDVWKHEHJLQQLQJRIHDFKQHZIUDPH,ILWSLFNVWKHZURQJELWHYHU\
QXPEHULVLQWHUSUHWHGLQFRUUHFWO\7KLVLVFDOOHGIUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQDQGFDQEHPDQDJHGLQ
RQHRIDQXPEHURIZD\V7KH3&0HQFRGHUFDQJHQHUDWHDVHSDUDWHIUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQ
VLJQDOWKDWLVVHQWWRWKHGHFRGHUEXWWKLVKDVWKHGLVDGYDQWDJHRIUHTXLULQJDVHFRQGFKDQQHO
OHDYLQJOHVVURRPIRURWKHUXVHUV$OWHUQDWLYHO\IUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQLQIRUPDWLRQFDQEH
HPEHGGHGLQWKHVHULDOGDWDVWUHDP7KLVFDQEHXVHGE\WKHGHFRGHUWRZRUNRXWZKHQWKH
IUDPHVWDUWV$V\RXKDYHVHHQWKH)27([3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOHWDNHVWKLVODWWHUDSSURDFKE\
DGGLQJDELWWRWKHIURQWRIHDFKIUDPHDQGWRJJOLQJLWVORJLFOHYHOIRUVXFFHVVLYHIUDPHV$
EUHDNRXWER[ODWHULQWKHH[SHULPHQWZLOOGLVFXVVWKLVDOLWWOHPRUHEXWWKHH[SHULPHQWZLOO
QRWLQYHVWLJDWHH[DFWO\KRZIUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQLVDFKLHYHG
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ
$QLPSRUWDQW3&0V\VWHPSHUIRUPDQFHLVVXHUHODWHVWRWKHSUREOHPRITXDQWL]DWLRQHUURU
LQWURGXFHGLQWKH3&0HQFRGLQJH[SHULPHQW5HFDOOWKDWTXDQWL]DWLRQHUURULVWKHGLIIHUHQFH
EHWZHHQWKHVDPSOHGDQDORJLQSXWYROWDJHDQGWKHQHDUHVWTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOXVHGE\WKH3&0
HQFRGHUWRUHSUHVHQWLW,PSRUWDQWO\WKHUHLVDIDUJUHDWHUFKDQFHRIDVDPSOHGDQDORJYROWDJH
EHLQJGLIIHUHQWWRRQHRIWKHTXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOVWKDQWKHVDPH,QRWKHUZRUGVWKLVHUURULV
QHDUO\DOZD\VSUHVHQWDQGGLVWRUWVWKHUHSURGXFWLRQRIWKHRULJLQDOVLJQDORQWKH3&0GHFRGHU·V
RXWSXW3URYLGHGWKHTXDQWL]DWLRQHUURULVQ·WWRRODUJHWKHGLVWRUWLRQLWFDXVHVFDQEHKHDUGDV
DKLVVVXSHULPSRVHGRQWKHVLJQDO$VVXFKTXDQWL]DWLRQHUURULVVDLGWRFDXVHTXDQWL]DWLRQ
QRLVH
$OLWWOHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKH)27([3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH
/LNHWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOHRQWKH(PRQD)27([WKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOHZRUNVZLWKELW
IUDPHV%LWRIHYHU\IUDPHWKHILUVWELWVHQWLVXVHGIRUIUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQDQGWKH
RWKHUVHYHQELWVIRUPELQDU\QXPEHUV)RUWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOHRXWSXWV9DQG
IRULWRXWSXWV9)RUQXPEHUVLQEHWZHHQWKHRXWSXWLVDSURSRUWLRQDOYROWDJH
EHWZHHQ9)RUH[DPSOHWKHQXPEHULVKDOIZD\EHWZHHQDQGDQG
VRIRUWKLVLQSXWWKHPRGXOHRXWSXWV9ZKLFKLVKDOIZD\EHWZHHQ9DQG9
7KHH[SHULPHQW
)RUWKLVH[SHULPHQW\RX·OOXVHWKH(PRQD)27([WRFRQYHUWDVLQHZDYHWRD3&0GDWDVWUHDP
WKHQFRQYHUWLWWRDWKH´VWHSSHGµYHUVLRQRIWKHPHVVDJHXVLQJWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH)RU
WKLVWRZRUNFRUUHFWO\WKHGHFRGHU·VELWFORFNLVVLPSO\´VWROHQµIURPWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH
<RX·OOWKHQLQYHVWLJDWHWKHVSHFWUDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHVLJQDORQWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·V
RXWSXWWRXQGHUVWDQGZK\ILOWHULQJFDQEHXVHGWRUHFRQVWUXFWWKHPHVVDJH)LQDOO\\RX·OOOLVWHQ
WRWKHUHFRQVWUXFWHGPHVVDJHWRYHULI\WKDWLWVRXQGVOLNHWKHRULJLQDO
,WVKRXOGWDNH\RXDERXWPLQXWHVWRFRPSOHWHWKLVH[SHULPHQW
3UHUHTXLVLWHV
([SHULPHQW$QLQWURGXFWLRQWRWKH1,(/9,6,,WHVWHTXLSPHQW
([SHULPHQW$QLQWURGXFWLRQWRWKH(PRQD)27([
([SHULPHQW3&0(QFRGLQJ
([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
(TXLSPHQW
3HUVRQDOFRPSXWHUZLWKDSSURSULDWHVRIWZDUHLQVWDOOHG
1,(/9,6,,SOXV86%FDEOHDQGSRZHUSDFN
(PRQD)27([H[SHULPHQWDODGGLQPRGXOH
7ZR%1&WRPPEDQDQDSOXJOHDGV
$VVRUWHGPPEDQDQDSOXJSDWFKOHDGV
2QHVHWRIKHDGSKRQHVVWHUHR
3URFHGXUH
3DUW$²6HWWLQJXSWKH3&0HQFRGHU
7RH[SHULPHQWZLWK3&0GHFRGLQJ\RXQHHG3&0GDWD7KHILUVWSDUWRIWKHH[SHULPHQWJHWV
\RXWRVHWXSD3&0HQFRGHU
(QVXUHWKDWWKH1,(/9,6,,SRZHUVZLWFKDWWKHEDFNRIWKHXQLWLVRII
&DUHIXOO\SOXJWKH(PRQD)27([H[SHULPHQWDODGGLQPRGXOHLQWRWKH1,(/9,6,,
,QVHUWWKHKROGLQJVFUHZVWRVHFXUHWKH)27([PRGXOHWRWKH1,(/9,6,,
1RWH7KLVPD\DOUHDG\EHGRQHIRU\RX,IQRWWKHVFUHZVDUHVXSSOLHGZLWKWKH1,
(/9,6,,DQGDUHLQVHUWHGWKURXJKKROHVLQWKHWRSOHIWDQGULJKWFRUQHUVRIWKH)27([
1RWH7KLVPXVWEHGRQHZLWKWKHSRZHURIIWRDYRLGGDPDJLQJWKH)27([
&RQQHFWWKH1,(/9,6,,WRWKH3&XVLQJWKH86%FDEOH
1RWH7KLVPD\DOUHDG\KDYHEHHQGRQHIRU\RX
7XUQRQWKH1,(/9,6,,SRZHUVZLWFKDWWKHUHDURIWKHXQLWWKHQWXUQRQLWV
3URWRW\SLQJ%RDUG3RZHUVZLWFKDWWKHWRSULJKWFRUQHUQHDUWKHSRZHULQGLFDWRU
7XUQRQWKH3&DQGOHWLWERRWXS
/DXQFKWKH1,(/9,6P[VRIWZDUH
/DXQFKDQGUXQWKH1,(/9,6,,9DULDEOH3RZHU6XSSOLHV9,
6HWWKH9DULDEOH3RZHU6XSSOLHV·SRVLWLYHRXWSXWWR9
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ
6HWWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·V0RGHVZLWFKWRWKH3&0SRVLWLRQ
&RQQHFWWKHVHWXSVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZ
1RWH,QVHUWWKHEODFNSOXJVRIWKHRVFLOORVFRSHOHDGVLQWRDJURXQG*1'VRFNHW
PCM TDM
SCOPE
ANALOG I/ O 10VDC
7Vrm s m ax
10 0kHz
ACH1 DAC1 DIGITAL CH 0
1 0kHz INPUT 2 FS
DIGITAL
2 kHz
ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL CH 1
VARIABLE DC
5 0 0Hz INPUT 1 PCM
+ DIGITAL DATA
2 kHz CLK
SINE
)LJXUH
7KLVVHWXSFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUHEHORZ7KH3&0(QFRGHU
PRGXOHLVFORFNHGE\WKH0DVWHU6LJQDOVPRGXOH·VN+]',*,7$/RXWSXW,WVDQDORJLQSXWLV
WKH9DULDEOH3RZHU6XSSOLHV·SRVLWLYHRXWSXW
)6
7R&+
,1 3&0GDWD
7R&+
&/.
9DULDEOH3RZHU
6XSSOLHV N+]
0DVWHU
6LJQDOV
)LJXUH
([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
/DXQFKDQGUXQWKH1,(/9,6,,2VFLOORVFRSH9,
6HWXSWKHVFRSHSHUWKHSURFHGXUHLQ([SHULPHQWSDJHZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ
FKDQJHV
6FDOHFRQWUROIRUERWKFKDQQHOVWRWKH9GLYSRVLWLRQLQVWHDGRIWKH9GLYSRVLWLRQ
&RXSOLQJFRQWUROIRUERWKFKDQQHOVWRWKH'&SRVLWLRQLQVWHDGRIWKH$&SRVLWLRQ
7ULJJHU/HYHOFRQWUROWR9LQVWHDGRI9
7LPHEDVHFRQWUROWRWKHVGLYSRVLWLRQLQVWHDGRIWKHVGLYSRVLWLRQ
6HWWKHVFRSH·V6ORSHFRQWUROWRWKH´µSRVLWLRQWRWULJJHUWKHVFRSHRQWKH)6VLJQDO·V
WUDLOLQJHGJH
$FWLYDWHWKHVFRSH·V&KDQQHOLQSXWE\FKHFNLQJWKH&KDQQHO(QDEOHGER[WRREVHUYH
WKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·V3&0'$7$RXWSXWDVZHOODVLWV)6RXWSXW
1RWH<RXPD\ILQGLWXVHIXOWRDGMXVWWKHVFRSH·VWZR9HUWLFDO3RVLWLRQFRQWUROVVRWKDW
WKHWZRVLJQDOVDUHQRWRYHUOD\HG
9DU\WKH9DULDEOH3RZHU6XSSOLHVSRVLWLYHRXWSXW9ROWDJHFRQWUROOHIWDQGULJKWEXW
GRQ·WH[FHHG9
1RWH,I\RXUVHWXSLVZRUNLQJFRUUHFWO\WKLVODVWVWHSVKRXOGFDXVHWKHQXPEHURQ3&0
(QFRGHUPRGXOH·V3&0'$7$RXWSXWWRJRGRZQDQGXS,ILWGRHVFDUU\RQWRWKHQH[W
VWHS,IQRWFKHFN\RXUZLULQJRUDVNWKHLQVWUXFWRUIRUKHOS
&ORVHWKH9DULDEOH3RZHU6XSSOLHV9,
'LVFRQQHFWWKHSOXJWRWKH9DULDEOH3RZHU6XSSOLHV·SRVLWLYHRXWSXW
/DXQFKDQGUXQWKH1,(/9,6,,)XQFWLRQ*HQHUDWRU9,
$GMXVWWKHIXQFWLRQJHQHUDWRUXVLQJLWVVRIWFRQWUROVIRUDQRXWSXWZLWKWKHIROORZLQJ
VSHFLILFDWLRQV
:DYHVKDSH6LQH
)UHTXHQF\+]
$PSOLWXGH9SS
'&2IIVHW9
0RGLI\WKHVHWXSDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHRQWKHQH[WSDJH
5HPHPEHU'RWWHGOLQHVVKRZOHDGVDOUHDG\LQSODFH
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ
FUNCTION MASTER PCM
GENERATOR SIGNALS ENCODER
PCM TDM
SCOPE
ANALOG I/ O 10VDC
7Vrm s m ax
1 00 kHz
ACH1 DAC1 DIGITAL CH 0
1 0kHz INPUT 2 FS
DIGITAL
2kHz
ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL CH 1
VARIABLE DC
5 00 Hz INPUT 1 PCM
+ DIGITAL DATA
2kHz CLK
SINE
)LJXUH
7KLVVHWXSFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUHEHORZ7KH3&0(QFRGHU
PRGXOH·VLQSXWLVQRZD+]VLQHZDYHIURPWKHIXQFWLRQJHQHUDWRU$VWKH3&0(QFRGHU
PRGXOH·VLQSXWLVFRQWLQXRXVO\FKDQJLQJ\RXVKRXOGQRWLFHWKH3&0'$7$RXWSXWFKDQJLQJ
FRQWLQXRXVO\DOVR
)XQFWLRQ )6
*HQHUDWRU 7R&+
+] ,1 3&0GDWD
7R&+
&/.
N+]
)LJXUH
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
3DUW%²'HFRGLQJWKH3&0GDWD
7KHQH[WSDUWRIWKHH[SHULPHQWJHWV\RXWRXVHWKH(PRQD)27([3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOHWR
GHFRGHWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWGDWD
'HDFWLYDWHWKHVFRSH·V&KDQQHOLQSXW
0RGLI\WKHVHWXSDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZ
FUNCTION MASTER PCM PCM
GENERATOR SIGNALS ENCODER DECODER
PCM TDM
SCOPE
ANALOG I/ O 10VDC
7Vrms m ax
1 00 kHz
ACH1 DAC1 DIGITAL CH 0
1 0kHz INPUT 2 FS OUTPUT2
DIGITAL
2kHz
ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL CH 1
VARIABLE DC
5 00 Hz INPUT 1 PCM PCM OUTPUT
+ DIGITAL DATA DATA
2kHz
SINE CLK CLK
)LJXUH
7KHHQWLUHVHWXSFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUHEHORZ1RWLFHWKDWWKH
3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VELWFORFNLV´VWROHQµIURPWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOHWRHQVXUH
V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ
0HVVDJH
7R&+
3&0'HFRGHU
287387
+] ,1 7R&+
3&0
&/. '$7$ 6WROHQ&/.
N+]
3&0(QFRGLQJ 3&0'HFRGLQJ
)LJXUH
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ
$GMXVWWKHVFRSHDVIROORZV
6FDOHFRQWUROIRUERWKFKDQQHOVWRWKH9GLYSRVLWLRQ
9HUWLFDOSRVLWLRQFRQWUROIRUERWKFKDQQHOVWR9
&RXSOLQJFRQWUROIRUERWKFKDQQHOVWRWKH$&SRVLWLRQ
7ULJJHU/HYHOFRQWUROWR9
6ORSHFRQWUROEDFNWRWKH´µSRVLWLRQ
7LPHEDVHFRQWUROWRWKHVGLYSRVLWLRQ
$FWLYDWHWKHVFRSH·V&KDQQHOLQSXWWRREVHUYHWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWDVZHOO
DVWKHPHVVDJHVLJQDO
4XHVWLRQ
:K\LVWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWVLJQDO´VWHSSHGµLQVWHDGRIVPRRWKOLNHWKH
RULJLQDOPHVVDJH"
7KH3&0'HFRGHUFUHDWHVDQDSSDUHQWFRS\RIWKHPHVVDJHXVLQJDILQLWHQXPEHURI
TXDQWL]DWLRQOHYHOV$VVXFKLW·VLPSRVVLEOHIRUWKHVLJQDOWREHVPRRWKOLNHWKHRULJLQDO
4XHVWLRQ
:KDW·VWKHQDPHIRUWKLVGLVWRUWLRQ"7LS,I\RX·UHQRWVXUHUHUHDGWKHSUHOLPLQDU\
GLVFXVVLRQ
4XDQWL]DWLRQQRLVH
4XHVWLRQ
:KHQDXGLEOHZKDWGRHVWKLVGLVWRUWLRQVRXQGOLNH"
+LVV²OLNHZKLWHQRLVHSURYLGHGWKHTXDQWL]DWLRQQRLVHLVQ·WWRRODUJH
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
+RZLVIUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQDFKLHYHGXVLQJWKHDOWHUQDWLQJV\QFKURQL]DWLRQELW"
5HFDOOWKDWIUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQEHWZHHQWKH3&0(QFRGHUDQG'HFRGHUPRGXOHVLV
DFKLHYHGDXWRPDWLFDOO\7KDWLVWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOHFDQLGHQWLI\WKHVWDUWRI
HDFKQHZIUDPHIRULWVHOI7RKHOSWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOHDFKLHYHDQGPDLQWDLQ
IUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQWKH3&0(QFRGHUPRGXOHDGGVDIUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQELWELW
WRHYHU\ELWELQDU\QXPEHUWUDQVPLWWHG,PSRUWDQWO\WKLVELWLVWRJJOHGEHWZHHQ
ORJLFDQGORJLFRQVXFFHVVLYHIUDPHV
7KH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VIUDPHGHWHFWLRQFLUFXLWU\KDVHLJKWPRQLWRUVWKDWORRNIRUD
ELWZLWKD«SDWWHUQRQVXFFHVVLYHIUDPH7KLVW\SLFDOO\WDNHVWZRRUWKUHH
IUDPHVWRDFKLHYH2QFHWKHIUDPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQELWLVLGHQWLILHGWKH3&0'HFRGHU
PRGXOHFDQVWDUWUHDGLQJWKHGDWDIURPWKHFRUUHFWSRLQWLQHDFKIUDPH
:K\GRHVWKLVZRUN",QVKRUWRQO\DVLJQDODWWKH1\TXLVWIUHTXHQF\WKDWLVDWWKH
IUHTXHQF\HTXDOWRKDOIWKHVDPSOHUDWHFKDQJHVIDVWHQRXJKWRSURGXFHVXFKD
SDWWHUQRIVDQGVRQWKHOHDVWVLJQLILFDQWELW7KHDVVXPSWLRQKHUHLVWKDWWKH3&0
(QFRGHULVSUHYHQWHGIURPGLJLWL]LQJVLJQDOVDWRUDERYHWKH1\TXLVWIUHTXHQF\WR
SUHYHQWWKLVSDWWHUQIURPEHLQJJHQHUDWHGQDWXUDOO\$QGWKLVLVKLJKO\OLNHO\DV
IUHTXHQFLHVDERYHWKLVUHVXOWLQDOLDVLQJDQ\ZD\
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ
3DUW&²9LHZLQJGHFRGHG3&0VLJQDOVXVLQJWKH1,(/9,6,,'\QDPLF6LJQDO$QDO\]HU
7KH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWVLJQDOORRNVVLPLODUWRWKHPHVVDJHZKHQYLHZHGLQWKHWLPH
GRPDLQWKDWLVZKHQXVLQJDVFRSH+RZHYHUWKHVLJQDOVDUHDFWXDOO\YHU\GLIIHUHQW7KH
PHVVDJHLVDVLQJOHVLQHZDYHZKHUHDVWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWFRQVLVWVRIPDQ\
VLQHZDYHV
7KHLQVWUXPHQWWKDWOHWVWHFKQLFLDQVDQGHQJLQHHUVORRNVLJQDOVLQWKHIUHTXHQF\GRPDLQLV
FDOOHGDG\QDPLFVLJQDODQDO\]HUDOVRFDOOHGDVSHFWUXPDQDO\]HU7KH1,(/9,6,,KDVD
'\QDPLF6LJQDO$QDO\]HUYLUWXDOLQVWUXPHQWDQGWKHQH[WSDUWRIWKHH[SHULPHQWOHWV\RXXVHLW
WRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHGHFRGHG3&0GDWDVLJQDO·VVSHFWUDOFRPSRVLWLRQ
6XVSHQGWKHVFRSH·VRSHUDWLRQE\FOLFNLQJRQLWV6WRSFRQWURORQFH
1RWH7KHVFRSH·VGLVSOD\VKRXOGIUHH]HDQGLWVKDUGZDUHKDVEHHQGHDFWLYDWHG7KLVLVD
QHFHVVDU\VWHSDVWKHVFRSHDQGVLJQDODQDO\]HUVKDUHKDUGZDUHUHVRXUFHVDQGVRWKH\
FDQQRWEHRSHUDWHGVLPXOWDQHRXVO\
0LQLPL]HWKHVFRSH·V9,
/DXQFKWKH1,(/9,6,,'\QDPLF6LJQDO$QDO\]HU9,
1RWH,IWKH'\QDPLF6LJQDO$QDO\]HU9,KDVODXQFKHGVXFFHVVIXOO\WKHLQVWUXPHQW·V
ZLQGRZZLOOEHYLVLEOHVHH)LJXUH
)LJXUH
([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
$GMXVWWKHVLJQDODQDO\]HU·VFRQWUROVDVIROORZV
,QSXW6HWWLQJV
6RXUFH&KDQQHOWR6&23(&+ 9ROWDJH5DQJHWR9
))76HWWLQJV $YHUDJLQJ
)UHTXHQF\6SDQWR 0RGHWR506
5HVROXWLRQWR :HLJKWLQJWR([SRQHQWLDO
:LQGRZ WR7HUP%+DUULV RI$YHUDJHVWR
7ULJJHU6HWWLQJV
7\SHWR(GJH
)UHTXHQF\'LVSOD\ &XUVRUVHWWLQJV
8QLWVWRG% &XUVRUV2QER[XQFKHFNHGIRUQRZ
0RGHWR506
6FDOHWR$XWR
&OLFNRQWKHVLJQDODQDO\]HU·V5XQFRQWUROWRDFWLYDWHLWVKDUGZDUH
1RWH,IWKH6LJQDO$QDO\]HU9,KDVEHHQVHWXSFRUUHFWO\LWVGLVSOD\VKRXOGORRNOLNH
)LJXUHEHORZ
1RWH,I\RXKDYHXVHGWKH1,(/9,6,,'6$EHIRUHDQG\RX·UHFRQILGHQWDERXWLWV
RSHUDWLRQMXPSGLUHFWO\WR3DUW'
)LJXUH
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ
7KHVLJQDODQDO\]HU·VGLVSOD\QHHGVDOLWWOHH[SODLQLQJKHUH7KHUHDUHDFWXDOO\WZRGLVSOD\VD
ODUJHRQHRQWRSDQGDVPDOOHURQHXQGHUQHDWK7KHVPDOOHURQHLVDWLPHGRPDLQUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
RIWKHLQSXWLQRWKHUZRUGVWKHVPDOOHUGLVSOD\LVDVFRSH1RWLFHWKDWLWLVVKRZLQJWKH3&0
'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWVLJQDOWKDW\RXVDZLQ6WHS
7KHODUJHURIWKHWZRGLVSOD\VLVWKHIUHTXHQF\GRPDLQUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHLQSXW)UHTXHQF\
LVSORWWHGDORQJWKHGLVSOD\·V;D[LVDQGHYHU\LQGLYLGXDOVLQHZDYHWKDWPDNHVXSDVLJQDOVKRXOG
DSSHDUDVDVKDUSOLQHSURMHFWLQJXSIURPWKHEDVHOLQH,QSUDFWLFHWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI
VSHFWUXPDQDO\VLVLVQRWDVSUHFLVHDVWKHWKHRUHWLFDOH[SHFWDWLRQDQGVRWKHOLQHVFDQ
VRPHWLPHVEHDOLWWOHWKLFNHVSHFLDOO\DWWKHERWWRP
([DPLQHWKHVSHFWUDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHGHFRGHG3&0VLJQDO
1RWH$V\RXFDQVHHLWFRQVLVWVRIPDQ\VLQHZDYHV
7KHIUHTXHQF\RIHDFKVLQHZDYHFDQEHUHDGRIIWKHGLVSOD\·V;D[LVEXWWKH1,(/9,6,,
'\QDPLF6LJQDO$QDO\]HUSURYLGHVDEHWWHUPHWKRG
$FWLYDWHWKHVLJQDODQDO\]HU·VFXUVRUVE\FKHFNLQJWKDWLVWLFNLQJ&XUVRUV2QER[
1RWH:KHQ\RXGRJUHHQKRUL]RQWDODQGYHUWLFDOOLQHVVKRXOGDSSHDURQWKHVLJQDO
DQDO\]HU·VIUHTXHQF\GRPDLQGLVSOD\
7KH1,(/9,6,,'\QDPLF6LJQDO$QDO\]HUKDVWZRFXUVRUV&DQG&WKDWGHIDXOWWRWKHOHIW
PRVWVLGHRIWKHGLVSOD\ZKHQWKHVLJQDODQDO\]HU·V9,LVODXQFKHG7KH\·UHUHSRVLWLRQHGE\
´JUDEELQJµWKHLUYHUWLFDOOLQHVZLWKWKHPRXVHDQG´GUDJJLQJµWKHPOHIWRUULJKW
8VHWKHPRXVHWRJUDEDQGPRYHWKHYHUWLFDOOLQHIRUFXUVRU&
1RWH$V\RXGRQRWLFHWKDWFXUVRU&PRYHVDORQJWKHVLJQDODQDO\]HU·VWUDFHDQGWKDW
WKHYHUWLFDODQGKRUL]RQWDOOLQHVPRYHVRWKDWWKH\DOZD\VLQWHUVHFWDWWKHFXUVRU
5HSHDW6WHSIRUFXUVRU&
1RWH)LQHFRQWURORYHUWKHFXUVRUV·SRVLWLRQLVREWDLQHGE\XVLQJWKHFXUVRU·V3RVLWLRQ
FRQWUROLQWKH&XUVRU6HWWLQJVDUHDEHORZWKHGLVSOD\
([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
7KH1,(/9,6,,'\QDPLF6LJQDO$QDO\]HULQFOXGHVDWRROWKDWPHDVXUHVWKHGLIIHUHQFHLQ
IUHTXHQF\DQGPDJQLWXGHEHWZHHQWKHWZRFXUVRUV7KLVLQIRUPDWLRQLVGLVSOD\HGLQJUHHQ
EHWZHHQWKHXSSHUDQGORZHUSDUWVRIWKHGLVSOD\
0RYHWKHFXUVRUVZKLOHZDWFKLQJWKHJUHHQPHDVXUHPHQWUHDGRXWWRREVHUYHWKHHIIHFW
3RVLWLRQWKHFXUVRUVVRWKDWWKH\·UHRQWRSRIHDFKRWKHUDQGQRWHWKHPHDVXUHPHQW
1RWH:KHQ\RXGRWKHPHDVXUHPHQWRIGLIIHUHQFHLQIUHTXHQF\DQGPDJQLWXGHVKRXOG
ERWKEH]HUR
8VHIXOO\ZKHQRQHRIWKHFXUVRUVLVPRYHGWRWKHH[WUHPHOHIWRIWKHGLVSOD\LWVSRVLWLRQRQ
WKH;D[LVLV+]7KLVPHDQVWKDWWKHPHDVXUHPHQWUHDGRXWRIIUHTXHQF\JLYHVDQDEVROXWH
YDOXHIRUWKHRWKHUFXUVRU7KLVPDNHVVHQVHZKHQ\RXWKLQNDERXWLWEHFDXVHWKHUHDGRXWJLYHV
WKHGLIIHUHQFHLQIUHTXHQF\EHWZHHQWKHWZRFXUVRUVDQGRQHRIWKHPLV]HUR
0RYH&WRWKHH[WUHPHOHIWRIWKHGLVSOD\
$OLJQ&ZLWKDQ\RQHRIWKHELJJHUVLQHZDYHVLQWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWVLJQDO
8VHWKHPHDVXUHPHQWUHDGRXWWRGHWHUPLQHWKHVLQHZDYH·VIUHTXHQF\DQGFRPSDUHLWV
YDOXHDFFRUGLQJWRWKH;D[LV
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ
7KHVLJQDODQDO\]HUDOVRJLYHV\RXDQLQGLFDWLRQRIWKHUHODWLYHVL]HRIHDFKRIWKHVLQHZDYHV
7KHGHIDXOWPHWKRGRIGRLQJVRLVLQGHFLEHOVEXWLWFDQEHVHWWRVKRZWR506YROWDJHV
LQVWHDGOLNHPHDVXUPHQWVZLWKPXOWLPHWHUWKRXJKWKLVLVXVXDOO\OHVVPHDQLQJIXO7KHELJJHVW
FRPSRQHQWLQWKHVLJQDO·VVSHFWUXPHLWKHUDVLQHZDYHRUD'&YROWDJHLVDXWRPDWLFDOO\PDGH
WKHUHIHUHQFHDQGVRLWVWLSLVG%(YHU\RWKHUVLQHZDYHLVVPDOOHUWKDQWKLVDQGVRKDVD
QHJDWLYHGHFLEHOILJXUH5HPHPEHUWKDWGHFLEHOVDUHORJDULWKPLFXQLWV6RDVLQHZDYHWKDWLV
G%UHODWLYHWRWKHELJJHVWVLQHZDYHLVRILWVVL]H$VLQHZDYHWKDWLVG%LVG%
LVG%LVDQGVRRQ
$OLJQ&ZLWKWKHVHFRQGELJJHVWVLQHZDYHVLQWKHGHFRGHG3&0VLJQDO·VVSHFWUXPEHLQJ
GLVSOD\HGDQGGHWHUPLQHLWVUHODWLYHVL]H
7LS2QFH&LVDOLJQHGZLWKWKHDSSURSULDWHVLQHZDYHIROORZLWVKRUL]RQWDOOLQHWRWKH
OHIWVLGHRIWKHGLVSOD\DQGUHDGLWVUHODWLYHVL]HLQG%
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
3DUW'²7KHVSHFWUDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIGHFRGHG3&0VLJQDOV
,PSRUWDQWO\PDWKFDQEHXVHGWRSUHGLFWWKHVSHFWUDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHVLJQDORQWKH3&0
'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWZLWKDJUHDWGHDORIDFFXUDF\DQGUHOLDELOLW\,W·VQRWWKHSXUSRVHRI
WKLVH[SHULPHQWWRJHW\RXWRSHUIRUPWKLVPDWK+RZHYHULWLVLPSRUWDQWIRU\RXWRNQRZWKDW
LWSUHGLFWVWKDWWKHVSHFWUDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHVLJQDORQD3&0GHFRGHU·VRXWSXWDOZD\V
LQFOXGHVDFRS\RIWKHVLQHZDYHRUVLQHZDYHVLQWKHRULJLQDOPHVVDJH
6HWWKHVLJQDODQDO\]HU·V)UHTXHQF\6SDQWR+]
8VH&WRLGHQWLI\WKHVLQHZDYHLQWKHVLJQDORQWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWWKDW
KDVDIUHTXHQF\RI+]
1RWH7KLVVLQHZDYHLVWKHFRS\RIWKHRULJLQDOPHVVDJHSHUWKHQRWHVDERYH
&KDQJHWKHIUHTXHQF\RIWKHRULJLQDOPHVVDJHWKDWLVWKHIXQFWLRQJHQHUDWRU·VRXWSXW
WRN+]
8VH&WRFKHFNWKDWWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWQRZLQFOXGHVDVLQHZDYHDWN+]
4XHVWLRQ
,IWKHPHVVDJHLVDFRPSOH[VLJQDOFRQVLVWLQJRIERWKD+]VLQHZDYHDQGDN+]
VLQHZDYHWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWZRXOGFRQVLVWRI
RQO\D+]VLQHZDYH
RQO\DN+]VLQHZDYH
D+]VLQHZDYHDQGDN+]VLQHZDYH 9
QHLWKHUD+]VLQHZDYHQRUDN+]VLQHZDYH
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ
6XVSHQGWKHVLJQDODQDO\]HU·V9,E\FOLFNLQJRQLWV6WRSFRQWURORQFH
5HVWDUWWKHVFRSH·V9,E\FOLFNLQJRQLWV5XQFRQWURORQFH
&RPSDUHWKHRULJLQDOPHVVDJHZLWKWKHUHFRYHUHGPHVVDJH
,QFUHDVHWKHPHVVDJHIUHTXHQF\WRN+]DQGREVHUYHWKHHIIHFW
7LS<RXPD\ILQGLWXVHIXOWRVHWWKHVFRSH·V7LPHEDVHFRQWUROWRWKHVGLYSRVLWLRQ
,QFUHDVHWKHPHVVDJHIUHTXHQF\WRN+]DQGREVHUYHWKHHIIHFW
4XHVWLRQ
1RWLFHWKDWWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWQRORQJHUORRNVOLNHD´VWHSSHGµFRS\RI
WKHPHVVDJH:K\GR\RXWKLQNWKLVKDVKDSSHQHG"
$VWKHPHVVDJHIUHTXHQF\LQFUHDVHVWKHUHDUHIHZHUVDPSOHVLQHYHU\F\FOH
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
4XHVWLRQ
2QFHWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWQRORQJHUORRNVOLNHD´VWHSSHGµFRS\RIWKH
PHVVDJHGRHVWKLVDOVRPHDQWKDWWKHVLQHZDYHDWWKHVDPHIUHTXHQF\DVWKHPHVVDJHLV
QRORQJHUSUHVHQW"
1R7KH3&0GHFRGHU·VRXWSXWDOZD\VLQFOXGHVDFRS\RIWKHVLQHZDYHRUVLQHZDYHVLQ
WKHRULJLQDOPHVVDJH
6XVSHQGWKHVFRSH·V9,
5HVWDUWWKHVLJQDODQDO\]HU·V9,
8VH&WRYHULI\\RXUDQVZHUWR4XHVWLRQ
([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
$OWKRXJKWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWDOZD\VLQFOXGHVDFRS\RIWKHPHVVDJHRWKHU
VLQHZDYHVRIVLJQLILFDQFHDUHDOVRSUHVHQWWKLVLVWUXHRIDOOGLJLWL]DWLRQVFKHPHVQRWMXVW
3&07KHVHVLQHZDYHVDUHFDOOHGDOLDVHVRULPDJHV3URYLGHGWKHV\VWHPLVZHOOGHVLJQHGWKHVH
DOLDVHVDUHDOODWKLJKHUIUHTXHQFLHVWKDQWKHPHVVDJH7KHQH[WSDUWRIWKHH[SHULPHQWOHW·V
\RXLGHQWLI\VRPHRIWKHDOLDVHVLQWKH´VWHSSHGµYHUVLRQRIWKHPHVVDJHRQWKH3&0'HFRGHU
PRGXOH·VRXWSXW
5HWXUQWKHPHVVDJHIUHTXHQF\WR+]
6HWWKHVLJQDODQDO\]HU·V)UHTXHQF\6SDQWR+]
8VH&WRLGHQWLI\WKDWWKHUHDUHDOLDVHVDWWKHIROORZLQJIUHTXHQFLHVN+] N+]
N+] N+]N+] N+]
4XHVWLRQ
:KDWWZR)27([PRGXOHVFDQEHXVHGWRSLFNRXWWKHFRS\RIWKHPHVVDJHWKDW·VRQWKH
3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWZKLOHUHMHFWLQJWKHDOLDVHV"7LS<RXLQYHVWLJDWHGWKH
RSHUDWLRQRIWKHVHPRGXOHVDVSDUWRI([SHULPHQW
(LWKHUWKHN+]/3)PRGXOHRUWKHN+]/3)PRGXOH
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ
3DUW(²5HFRQVWUXFWLQJWKHPHVVDJH
7KHQH[WSDUWRIWKHH[SHULPHQWOHWV\RXXVHILOWHULQJWRUHFRQVWUXFWWKHPHVVDJH
0RGLI\WKHVHWXSDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZ
FUNCTION MASTER PCM PCM
GENERATOR SIGNALS ENCODER DECODER
PCM TDM
SCOPE
ANALOG I/ O 10VDC
7Vrms max
1 00kHz
ACH1 DAC1 DIGITAL CH 0
10kHz INPUT 2 FS OUTPUT2 LOWPASS
DIGITAL FILTERS
2kHz
ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL CH 1
VARIABLE DC
500Hz INPUT 1 PCM PCM OUTPUT 3kHz LPF
+ DIGITAL DATA DATA
2kHz
CLK CLK
SINE
1kHz LPF
)LJXUH
7KLVVHWXSFDQEHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHEORFNGLDJUDPLQ)LJXUHEHORZ7KHN+]/3)PRGXOH
LVXVHGWRSLFNRXWWKHFRS\RIWKHRULJLQDOPHVVDJHIURPWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXW
0HVVDJH
7R&+
N+]/3)
5HFRYHUHG
PHVVDJH
+] ,1
3&0 7R&+
&/. '$7$ &/.
N+]
([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
8VH&WRVHHZKHWKHU\RXFDQORFDWHWKHDOLDVHVPHDVXUHGHDUOLHUVHH6WHSIRU
WKHLUIUHTXHQFLHV
4XHVWLRQ
:KDWKDVKDSSHQHGWRWKHDOLDVHV"
7KHILOWHUKDVDWWHQXDWHGWKHPVXEVWDQWLDOO\
6XVSHQGWKHVLJQDODQDO\]HU·V9,
5HWXUQWKHVFRSH·V7LPHEDVHFRQWUROWRWKHVGLYSRVLWLRQ
5HVWDUWWKHVFRSH·V9,
&RPSDUHWKHRULJLQDOPHVVDJHZLWKWKHUHFRYHUHGPHVVDJH
4XHVWLRQ
7KHVLJQDORQWKHN+]/3)PRGXOH·VRXWSXWLVQRZDPXFKEHWWHUFRS\RIWKHPHVVDJH
:KDWGRHVWKLVWHOO\RXDERXWWKHDOLDVHVRWKHUWKDQWKH\·UHQRORQJHUSUHVHQW"
7KH\ZHUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUJLYLQJWKH3&0'HFRGHUPRGXOH·VRXWSXWWKH´VWHSSHGµ
ORRN
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ
7KHWZRVLJQDOVDUHFOHDUO\WKHVDPHVROHW·VVHHZKDW\RXUKHDULQJWHOOV\RX
$GGWKH$PSOLILHUPRGXOHWRWKHVHWXSDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHEHORZ
FUNCTION MASTER PCM PCM
GENERATOR SIGNALS ENCODER DECODER
PCM TDM
SCOPE
ANALOG I/ O 10VDC
7Vrms max
1 00 kHz
ACH1 DAC1 DIGITAL CH 0
1 0 kHz INPUT 2 FS OUTPUT2 LOWPASS
DIGITAL FILTERS
2kHz
ACH0 DAC0
DIGITAL CH 1
VARIABLE DC
50 0Hz INPUT 1 PCM PCM OUTPUT 3kHz LPF
+ DIGITAL DATA DATA
2kHz CLK CLK
SINE
1kHz LPF
AMPLIFIER
GAIN IN OUT
GND GND
)LJXUH
7XUQWKH$PSOLILHUPRGXOH·V*DLQFRQWUROIXOO\FRXQWHUFORFNZLVH
:LWKRXWZHDULQJWKHKHDGSKRQHVSOXJWKHPLQWRWKH$PSOLILHUPRGXOH·VKHDGSKRQH
VRFNHW
3XWWKHKHDGSKRQHVRQ
7XUQWKH$PSOLILHUPRGXOH·V*DLQFRQWUROFORFNZLVHXQWLO\RXFDQFRPIRUWDEO\KHDUWKH
N+]/3)PRGXOH·VRXWSXW
/LVWHQWRKRZWKHUHFRYHUHGPHVVDJHVRXQGVDQGFRPPLWLWWRPHPRU\
'LVFRQQHFWWKH$PSOLILHUPRGXOH·VOHDGZKHUHLWSOXJVLQWRWKHN+]/3)PRGXOH·VRXWSXW
DQGFRQQHFWLWWRWKHIXQFWLRQJHQHUDWRU·VRXWSXW
&RPSDUHWKHVRXQGRIWKHRULJLQDOPHVVDJHZLWK\RXUPHPRU\RIWKHUHFRYHUHGPHVVDJH
1RWH7KH\VKRXOGEHYHU\VLPLODU
([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHFRQWLQXLQJ
1RZOHW·VVXEVWLWXWHWKHWHVWVLJQDOIRUVSHHFK
'LVFRQQHFWWKHSOXJVWRWKHIXQFWLRQJHQHUDWRU·VRXWSXWWKHQPRGLI\WKHVHWXSDVVKRZQ
LQ)LJXUHEHORZ
MASTER PCM PCM
SIGNALS ENCODER DECODER
PCM TDM
SCOPE
10VDC
7Vrms max
10 0kHz
DIGITAL CH 0
10 kHz INPUT 2 FS OUTPUT2 LOWPASS
DIGITAL FILTERS
2 kHz
DIGITAL CH 1
50 0Hz INPUT 1 PCM PCM OUTPUT 3kHz LPF
DIGITAL DATA DATA
2 kHz CLK CLK
SINE
1kHz LPF
SPEECH AMPLIFIER
GAIN IN OUT
GND GND
)LJXUH
6HWWKHVFRSH·V7LPHEDVHFRQWUROWRWKHPVGLYSRVLWLRQ
+XPDQGWDONLQWRWKHPLFURSKRQHZKLOHZDWFKLQJDQGOLVWHQLQJWRWKHUHFRYHUHGPHVVDJH
$VNWKHLQVWUXFWRUWRFKHFN
\RXUZRUNEHIRUHILQLVKLQJ
(PRQD,QVWUXPHQWV([SHULPHQW²3&0GHFRGLQJ