Mixed Signal

Electronic Dispersion Compensation

Andrew Baek
Andrew_baek@hotmail.com

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 1
 Table of Contents
„ Overview
„ Description of mixed signal equalizer.
„ Fiber Model for MMFs
„ Results for the FDDI MMFs.
„ Size and power estimation.
„ Conclusions
„ Backup Material
„ Single Mode Applications
IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim
Meeting 2
 Overview
„ Performance Goals: 10G transmission through FDDI-grade
multimode fibers over 300m at 850 and 1300 nm.
„ Intermodal dispersion is the dominant impairment for the MMF
fibers.
„ Implementation issues for pure digital equalization.
„ 20G ADC for the fractionally-spaced equalizer.

„ 10G digital multipliers.

„ Mixed signal implementations to address the digital

shortcomings
„ The equalizer technology has been validated for single-mode
applications.

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 3
 Equalizer Technology
Features of Mixed Signal Equalizer
„ Continuous-time analog transversal filter for feed forward
„ Eliminates the requirement for high speed A-to-D Converter
„ Digital look-up table for feedback
„ Digital coefficient control circuit
„ Compensates for temporal changes and non-ideal behavior of
analog circuits
„ Averaging process allows slower operational speed to compute
coefficient updates
„ Clock is recovered after the forward transversal filter
„ More robust convergence

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 4
 Equalizer Technology
Mixed Signal DFE
(Decision Feedback Equalizer)

x(t ) x(t − τ ) x (t − 2τ ) x (t − 3τ ) x (t − 4τ ) x (t − 5τ )
a(t − 2τ )
a(t − τ ) 0 1
0 d00 d01
c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 1 d10 d11

y(t ) a(t − τ ) a (t − 2τ )
+
-
a(t )
e(t )

ƒ Analog implementation of feed forward taps

ƒ Digital look-up table for feedback coefficients
ƒ Digital control circuit provides the coefficient updates

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 5
 Modeling Multimode Fibers

„ Based on linear systems analysis1.

„ Intermodal dispersion modeled as the major
impairment.
„ Graded- index characterized by the α-profile.
„ Fiber transfer function generated assuming
overfilled launch (OFL).

1. E. Walker, “A Model for the α-Provile Multimode Optical Fiber Channel: A

Linear Systems Approach, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 12, No. 11,
Nov. 1994.

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 6
 Mixed Signal Equalizer
FDDI-grade Multimode Fiber at 850 nm
Fiber Transfer Function

• 160/500 MHz*km 62.5u MMF

• 3 dB BW: ~533 MHz
• Operating Wavelength: 850 nm
• Transmission Dist.: 300 m
• Channel SNR: 30 dB

Equalized SNR at Slicer = 16.1 dB

Original SNR at slicer = -1.0 dB (BER = 10-10)

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 7
 Mixed Signal Equalizer
FDDI-grade Multimode Fiber at 1310 nm
Fiber Transfer Function, Magnitude
• 160/500 MHz*km 62.5u MMF
• 3 dB BW: ~1.7 GHz
• Operating Wavelength: 1310 nm
• Transmission Dist.: 300 m
• Channel SNR: 30 dB

Original SNR at the slicer = -3.3 dB Equalized SNR at the Slicer = 20.0 dB
(BER < 10-20)

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 8
 Equalizer Technology
DFE Power and Size First Order Estimates

Item Gates Power (mW) Size

Analog Feed- 60 200 x 100 micron

Forward Filter (7.8 x 3.9 mil)
MUX 50
1
CDR 200
2
DigitalControl 20K 135
Circuit
3
DACs 200
4
ADCs 60
5
JTAG and Other 20K 0
Logic
Total 705 Pad Limited
1. Savoj and Rezavi, “Design of Half-rate CDR circuits For Optical Communication Systems,” DAC 2001, Las
Vegas, NV, June 18-22, 2001. 2 x 100mW with margin.
2. 7W/1.3 M Gates/80MHz*100%*20K Gates*100MHz = 135mW
3. I_out = 1V/50Ohm = 20mA. 20mA*2.5V(supply) * 4 = 200mW for core circuits.
4. 20MOSFETS/Comparator*4mW/20MOSFETS*7(3-bits)*4*50%duty = 56mW. 60mW with margin.
5. Test mode only—No power during operation.
IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim
Meeting 9
 Mixed Signal Equalizer
Conclusions
„ Mixed signal architecture provides practical solution for
10G optical link.
„ Analog feed forward transversal filter, digital look up table
feedback.
„ Digital control compensates for non-ideal analog circuits.
„ Clock is recovered after the forward transversal filter for
robust convergence.
„ System simulations demonstrate excellent performance.
„ Implementation architectures realizable in 0.18 um CMOS
technology.
„ Power estimate below 1 Watt.

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 10
Backup Material

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 11
 Mixed Signal Equalizer
Single Mode Applications

„ Performance goals for equalized optical link

„ 10Gbps
„ 40km distance
„ Directly modulated 1550 nm DFB source
„ Chromatic dispersion is the dominant impairment
„ Channel (fiber) delay dispersion
„ DFB chirp
„ Non-linear fiber distortions are negligible

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 12
 Mixed Signal Equalizer
Simulation Result Based on Experimental Data
Using DFE

Slicer input of the original signal, Slicer input of the equalized signal,
SNR = - 0.1 dB SNR = 17 dB (BER = 10–13)
100 140

90
120

80

100
70

s s
e 60 e
c c 80
n n
er er
r r
u u
c c
c 50 c
O
O f
f o 60
o r
r e
e 40 b
b m
m u
u N
N
30 40

20
20

10

0
0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Signal Level [volt]
Signal Level [volt]

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 13
 Mixed Signal Equalizer
Simulation Result Based on Experimental Data
Using MLE (Maximum Likelihood Equalizer)

Slicer input of the original signal, Slicer input of the equalized signal,
SNR = - 0.1 dB SNR = 19 dB (BER = 10–20)
100 250

90

80 200

70

s s
e 60 e 150
c c
n n
er er
r r
u u
c 50 c
c c
O O
f f
o o
r r
e 40 e 100
b b
m m
u u
N N
30

20 50

10

0 0
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Signal Level [volt] Signal Level [volt]

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 14
 Mixed Signal Equalizer
Long Haul Application

„ Performance goals for equalized optical link

ƒ 10Gbps
ƒ 140km distance
ƒ 2 x 25dB Power Amplifiers at 70km and 140km
ƒ Externally modulated 1550 nm DFB CW Lorentzian Source
ƒ 12dB Extinction Ratio
„ Chromatic dispersion is the dominant impairment
ƒ Channel (fiber) delay dispersion
ƒ Non-linear fiber distortions are negligible
„ BER of Equalized Link Must Exceed 10-15

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 15
 Mixed Signal Equalizer
Simulation Results for DFE Over 140km

Slicer input of the original signal, Slicer input of the equalized signal,
SNR = 12 dB (BER=10-5) SNR = 19 dB (BER = 10–20)
180
140

160
120

140

100
120

80
100

80
60

60
40

40

20
20

0
-2 -1. 5 -1 -0.5 0 0. 5 1 1.5 2 0
-2 -1. 5 -1 -0.5 0 0. 5 1 1.5 2

IEEE 802 January 2004 Interim

Meeting 16