09-Jan-19

IC Engine Terminology

VTDC

Vdisp  VBDC  VTDC

VBDC
CR 
VTDC

VBDC

P
SI Engine - Otto Cycle 3

1 2 3 4
TDC 2

BDC
1
TDC BDC
v
• 1-2 Isentropic compression from BDC to TDC
T
W12  m  u2  u1  3

• 2-3 Isochoric heat input (combustion)

Q23  m  u3  u2 
• 3-4 Isentropic expansion (power stroke)
4
W34  m  u3  u4  2

• 4-1 Isochoric heat rejection (exhaust)

Q41  m  u4  u1  1
s

Dr.M.Venkata Ramanan, Professor, DME,

CEG, Anna University 1
 09-Jan-19

P
Otto Cycle Performance 3

Compression Ratio
2
v v
CR  1  4 4
v2 v3
1
TDC BDC
Thermal Efficiency v
T
3
Wnet W34  W12 u u
th ,ASC    1 4 1
Q in Q23 u3  u2

T1 4
th,cold ASC  1   1  CR1k 2
T2

1
s

P
Otto Cycle Performance 3

Mean Effective Pressure

2

Wnet W34  W12  u3  u4    u2  u1 

4

mep   
Vdisp Vdisp  v1  v2  1
TDC BDC
v
cv T3  T4   T2  T1   T
mep cold ASC 
 v1  v2  3

Cold ASC values (Table C.13a) ...

Btu Btu 4
c p  0.24 cv  0.172 2
lbm-R lbm-R
cp
k  1.4 1
cv s

Dr.M.Venkata Ramanan, Professor, DME,

CEG, Anna University 2
 09-Jan-19

Thermo-chemical Feasibility

Fuel/Air
Mixture

Compression
Stroke

Engine Damage From Severe Knock

Damage to the engine is caused by a combination of high
temperature and high pressure.

Piston Piston crown

6
Cylinder head gasket Aluminum cylinder head

Dr.M.Venkata Ramanan, Professor, DME,

CEG, Anna University 3
 09-Jan-19

Critical Compression Ratio

Formula Name Critical r

CH4 Methane 12.6
C3H8 Propane 12.2
C8H18 Isooctane 7.3
7

Diesel Cycle

Dr.M.Venkata Ramanan, Professor, DME,

CEG, Anna University 4
 09-Jan-19

CI Engine - Diesel Cycle

P

2 3
1 2 3 4
TDC

4
BDC
1
TDC BDC
v
• 1-2 Isentropic compression from BDC to TDC
T
W12  m  u2  u1 
• 2-3 Isobaric heat input (combustion) 3

Q23  W23  m  u3  u2 
• 3-4 Isentropic expansion (power stroke) 2
4
W34  m  u3  u4 
• 4-1 Isochoric heat rejection (exhaust)
Q41  m  u4  u1  1

Early CI Engine Cycle vs Diesel Cycle

FUEL Fuel injected
A
at TC
I
R

Fuel/Air
Mixture Combustion
Products
Actual
Cycle

Intake Compression Power Exhaust

Stroke Stroke Stroke Stroke

Qin Qout

Air
Diesel TC
Cycle
BC

Compression Const pressure Expansion Const volume

Process heat addition Process heat rejection
Process Process 10

Dr.M.Venkata Ramanan, Professor, DME,

CEG, Anna University 5
 09-Jan-19

Air-Standard Diesel Cycle

Process 1 2 Isentropic compression
Process 2  3 Constant pressure heat addition
Process 3  4 Isentropic expansion
Process 4  1 Constant volume heat rejection

Cut-off ratio:
Qin
v3
rc 
v2

Qout

v2 v1
TC BC
TC BC
11

P
Diesel Cycle Performance
2 3

Compression Ratio Cutoff Ratio

v1 v3
CR  CO 
v2 v2 4

1
TDC BDC
Thermal Efficiency v
T
Wnet W23  W34  W12 u u
th ,ASC    1 4 1 3
Q in Q23 h3  h 2
2

th ,cold ASC  1 

1 k
CR  CO k
 1 4

k  CO  1
1
s

12

Dr.M.Venkata Ramanan, Professor, DME,

CEG, Anna University 6
 09-Jan-19

P
Diesel Cycle Performance
2 3

Mean Effective Pressure

Wnet W23  W34  W12  h3  h 2    u4  u1 

mep    4
Vdisp Vdisp  v1  v2  1
TDC BDC
v
c p T3  T2   cv T4  T1 
mep cold ASC  T
 v1  v2 
3

Cold ASC values (Table C.13a) ...

2
Btu Btu 4
c p  0.24 cv  0.172
lbm-R lbm-R
cp
k  1.4 1
cv s

13

Efficiency

14

Dr.M.Venkata Ramanan, Professor, DME,

CEG, Anna University 7
 09-Jan-19

15

NET WORK

16

Dr.M.Venkata Ramanan, Professor, DME,

CEG, Anna University 8
 09-Jan-19

Mean Effective Pressure

17

Dr.M.Venkata Ramanan, Professor, DME,

CEG, Anna University 9