Construction

Fieldworks
Submitted by: (Group 9)
Rowen Rae Agupitan
Julie Gil Villar
Cherry Ann Singalivo
Jemma Obalobao
Shiera Joy Duhina
Jonavie Bacinillo

Submitted to:
ENGR. Gilda D. Borbon
Construction (Field Work)
Construction fieldwork, is the actual construction of the project. Fieldwork is broken down into
building permits, subcontractors, scheduling subcontractors, shop drawings, project submissions, and
change orders.

 Building Permits

Before construction can begin, the appropriate municipality must issue a building permit.
Specifications and blueprints must be provided to the municipality's building department, along with the
application for a permit. The period of time for a permit to be approved can be lengthy, especially in the
case of new construction. The general contractor or owner may also be required to submit results of soil
testing, environmental impact studies, and any other necessary testing or studies. Sometimes, a public
hearing is mandated, if there is opposition to the project. In most cases, a permit is issued within a few
months. The cost of the permit and any related studies may be the responsibility of either the owner or the
general contractor.

Construction projects must also follow the standards of the applicable building code. A building inspector
will be involved at various construction stages in order to verify that the project is being constructed
according to municipal code.

 Subcontractors

Subcontractors range from a one-man operation to nationwide, publicly traded corporations, or

divisions of larger corporations. Subcontractors are distinguished from general contractors by their limited
scope of work, which usually involves a special skill, knowledge, or ability. Subcontractors, which include
plumbers, electricians, framers, and concrete workers, generally enter into contracts with the general
contractor and may provide the raw materials used in their specialty areas. The general contractor, not the
owner of the property, pays the subcontractors. Materials purchased by the subcontractors are generally
delivered directly to the job site. The subcontractors' work may either be completed in stages, or it may be
continuous.

 Scheduling of Subcontractors

The general contractor schedules the subcontractor's work so that the construction runs smoothly
and is completed on schedule. The general contractor is also responsible for scheduling the subcontractor
in such a way that one subcontractor does not hold up another. This order on subcontractor sequencing is
known as the "critical path."

 Shop drawings

Detailed construction and fabrication drawings that show the proposed material, shape, size,
and assembly of the parts and how the entire unit will be installed.

 Change order

A change order is work that is added to or deleted from the original scope of work of a contract,
which alters the original contract amount and/or completion date. A change order may force a new project
to handle significant changes to the current project.
DIFFERENT WORKERS IN A CONSTRUCTION SITE
1. Construction Carpenter
Carpentry typically deals with cutting, shaping, and installing materials during the construction
phase; it’s the primary hammer-and-nail, drilling-and-sawing part of the job.
2. Construction Electrician
An electrician is a tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings, stationary machines, and
related equipment. Electricians may be employed in the installation of new electrical components or the
maintenance and repair of existing electrical infrastructure.
3. Mason
Masons are responsible for the building blocks of a construction–literally. They’re responsible for
the part of projects that involves individual, separate pieces (which are themselves often referred to as
“masonry”). These pieces are then glued together, generally by a substance such as mortar. Masons work
with materials such as brick, marble, and concrete blocks.
4. Plumber
A plumber is a tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used for potable
(drinking) water, sewage and drainage in plumbing systems.
5. Welder
A welder or lit operator is a tradesperson who specializes in fusing materials together. The term
welder refers to the operator, the machine is referred to as the welding power supply.
6. Heavy equipment operator
A heavy equipment operator operates heavy equipment used
in engineering and construction projects.[1][2] Typically only skilled workers may operate heavy equipment,
and there is specialized training for learning to use heavy equipment.
7. Laborer
A laborer is a person who works in one of the construction trades, by tradition, considered
unskilled manual labor or mansion —though in practice the laborers are a skilled trade that has reliability
and strength as core characteristics.
8. Plasterer
A plasterer is a tradesman who works with plaster, such as forming a layer of plaster on an interior
wall or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls. The process of creating plasterwork,
called plastering, has been used in building construction for centuries.

9. Steel mans
A steel man is a person who works for processing, connecting, and assembly of steel bars and
other steel materials.
Sequence of the actual work for building construction.

1. Clear the land (which may include demolition of existing structures)

This is the first task of site preparation. The site should be in a cleared and graded condition. It involves the
removal of trees, demolishing buildings, removing any and all old underground infrastructure, and any other
obstacles that might affect the construction process in the future or hinder the project to be done.

2.Fencing
It is also known as construction hoarding when used at construction sites. Other uses for
temporary fencing include venue division at large events and public restriction on
industrial construction sites.

3. Layout
Construction Staking, also known as a Site Layout Survey, is the process of interpreting construction plans
and marking the location of proposed new structures such as roads or buildings. Construction staking is
performed to ensure a project is built according to engineering design plans.

4. Excavation
Its describes as restoring, correcting, strengthening, or otherwise preparing the pavement foundation to a
condition suitable for constructing and supporting a sub-base, base, or surface course.

5. Preparation of Foundation Base (Brick Soling, Sand filling etc)

Subbase is another word for any material on which the concrete rests. Usually, granular fill or road base is used as a
subbase, although in some rare cases, soil itself can be used if it is extremely compacted and stable.[1]

6. Rod Bending & Fabrication

Rebar (short for reinforcing bar), collectively known as reinforcing steel and reinforcement steel, is asteel bar or
mesh of steel wires used as a tension device in reinforced concrete and reinforcedmasonry structures to
strengthen and aid the concrete under tension.

7. Pour the foundation

You can sometimes get a truck to pour concrete straight into your form; otherwise, load it into wheelbarrows and tilt
them into the form until the high point is reached. While doing this, enlist some helpers to spread out the concrete
with shovels, rakes and "come alongs," which is a special concrete rake.

8. Prepare the formwork and pour the column

A form is usually a wooden perimeter, secured by special nails or screws, and built around the pouring site.
A well-built form will help you achieve a better finish on your concrete. Keep a couple things in mind when
building your form:
For square or rectangular forms, make sure that your corners form 90 degree angles.

9. Masonry Wall
Masonry is the building of structures from individual units, which are often laid in and bound together by mortar; the
term masonry can also refer to the units themselves.

10. Rough electrical

The term rough-in in the construction industry is pipes, water lines, electrical wiring, duck work, gas lines
etc. are done to the framing stage (before drywall and insulation). Rough in means to bring in the various
lines (plumbing pipes, duck work, electrical conduit) to the space, but not make the final connections.

11. Plastering
Plasterwork refers to construction or ornamentation done with plaster, such as a layer of plaster on an interior or
exterior wall structure, or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls. ... The process of creating plasterwork,
called plastering or rendering, has been used in building construction for centuries.
12. Roofing
A roof is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides
protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes
the framing or structure which supports that covering.

13. Pour the flooring

Before pouring the slab floor, you need to make sure you've installed rough plumbing lines so that they are
accurately placed. After the slab is poured, it'll be too late to adjust.

14. Door/Window Installing

A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof or vehicle that allows the passage of light, sound, and air.
Modern windows are usually glazed or covered in some other transparent or translucent material, a sash set in a
frame in the opening; the sash and frame are also referred to as a window.

15. Installing of ceilings

A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room. It is not generally considered a
structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the roof structure or the floor of a storey
above. ... Coving often links the ceiling to the surrounding walls.

16. Installing of Floor Finish, Tiles, Mosaic etc.

17. P a i n t w a l l s ( i n s i d e a n d o u t )
There are many porpuses for using paints in the building construction. These incluse the visual appeal of
building surface, protect surface against weathering impact, make the surface water proof, protect surface
from termite attact and increase the surface durability. In building, you will find four types of places paint on.
Such us;
1.) Interior wall and ceiling
To increase the visual appeal and smoothness of the wall surface and ceiling interior paint is done.
Following types of paints can be used as interior paint;
Distemper
-is a common type paint used in interior wall and ceiling for protecting and decorating brick wall,
concrete and plastered surface. Variety of distemper are available in the market.
Acrylic distemper, synthetic distemper, dry distemper etc.
Acrylic distemper are washable and can be applied to plaster, wall and asbestos. Synthetic and
dry distemper are not washable.

Plastic paint is also called as plastic emulsion paint or interior emulsion paint. It is water base paint.
This paint is durable and can be washed they are available in three categories
This are regular emulsion, economy emulsion and premium emulsion.
2.) Exterior
Exterior paint must have weather resisting capability. It can be oil base or water based. But oil
based paint is not generally recommended for exterior painting. Following types of exterior paint
are available in the market;
Cement paint – is a water based paint. It gives nice finish to newly constructed building.
Acrylic emulsion – has a high capability to withstand against weathering impact. It gives surface a
nice and durable finish.
Textured plaster – is also emulsion based paint. But the surface protection capability of texture
plaster is much better than other emulsion paint.
3.) Wood
Traditional paint for wood is varnish. But now a days many people choose modern version of
varnish “polyurethane and melamine” for wood finishes. It allows wood grains to see through it
unlike varnish.
4. Metal
Enamel paint is commonly used for metal. This is oil based paint. Following types of enamel paints
is used on metal surface in building construction;
a.) General purpose of enamel paint
This type of enamel paints protecting capability is lower than other two. But using two coat of
this paint can give long protection to metal surface.
 b.) Synthetic enamel paint
This type of the paint gives metal surface a good finish with atmosphere protection. Synthetic
enamel paint can also be used on wooden surface.

c.) Premium enamel paint

It has excellent protective capability against atmosphere attack on metal. It also gives glossy
effect with nice surface finish.

SHCEDULING OF ACTIVITIES IN A CONSTRUCTION

In project management, a schedule is a listing of a project's milestones, activities,

and deliverables, usually with intended start and finish dates. Those items are often estimated by other
information included in the project schedule of resource allocation, budget, task duration, and linkages
of dependencies and scheduled events. A schedule is commonly used in the project planning and project
portfolio management parts of project management. Elements on a schedule may be closely related to
the work breakdown structure (WBS) terminal elements, the Statement of work, or a Contract Data
Requirements List.

EXAMPLE OF SHCEDULING OF ACTIVITIES IN A CONSTRUCTION