SANITARY

WARES
 INTRODUCTION
Sanitation:

Sanitation is the system of taking dirty water and other

waste products away from the building in order to
protect
people’s health

Importance of sanitation in buildings :

 Unsanitary building provide space for decay causing

organisms that are harmful to health

 Unsanitary building promote contamination with

human pathogens
Sanitary wares :

 These are various wares, fittings designed and

constructed in buildings where cleanliness and
sterile is highly required

 These fittings should ensure a sterile environment

and maintain sterility during use.

Materials used :

 Various materials such as clay, brass, p v c, metal,

zinc alloys, stainless steel, copper, etc have been
employed by different manufacturers in making
sanitary fittings & wares
 Wash Basin

Water closet

Traps
Sanitar
y Flushing Cistern
wares Urinals

Kitchen sinks

Bath tubs
 Wash Basins

 A wash basin is used for washing hand, face etc.

 Wash basins are usually made of pottery or

porcelain ware. Sometimes they are also made of
porcelain enameled cast iron, steel, glass etc.

 Usually basins are provided with one or two tap

holes.

 Sometimes these are also used at drinking water

places.
Following are the types of Wash Basins :

1) Wall hung basin

2) Pedestal basin

3) Vanity basins

a) Counter Top

b) Counter Sunk
Wall Hung Basin

 These type of wash

basins are mounted
on brackets fixed on
wall.

 This is available in
various colors and
shapes, but oval or
semi oval type is
most common.
Pedestal Basin
 It is provided with a
pedestal at the bottom
of the basin.

 The purpose of
pedestal is to hide the
trap, waste and hot
and cold water service
pipes to enhance the
looks of the wash
basin.

 The top of basin is

usually oval in shape.
 Vanity Basins
 Counter top basins  Counter sunk
basins
 Water Closets
 Water closets are designed to receive and discharge
human excreta directly from the person using it.

 The appliance is connected to the soil pipe by

means of a suitable trap.

 It is usually connected to a flushing cistern to flush

and discharge the excreta to the soil pipe.

 Water closet comprised of a closet consisting of pan

and trap and the flushing cistern.
 Requirements of a Water
Closet
The following are the requirements of a good water
closet :

 It should be convenient to use by persons of all ages.

 The size of the pan should such that the urine and
the fecal material does not fall outside the pan.

 The trap should such that water does not splash

when excreta falls in water.

 Surface of the pan should be smooth.

 Flushing should be achieved effectively with the
use of small quantity of water.

 The water in the trap should proved an effective

and air tight seal.

 The pan should be of durable material.

 European
type

Types
of Indian type
water
closets

Anglo-
Indian type
 European type
 It is used in a sitting
posture over a plastic
seat hinged to the closet.

 The closet is a pedestal

fitting with basin and
trap in one piece.

 Usually it is close
coupled with the flushing
apparatus.
Indian Type
 In India people use
the closet in
squatting posture.

 Hence this type of

water closet is also
known as
Squatting pan.

 Unlike European
type, trap needs to
be provided
separately.
 Anglo-Indian Type
 This type of water closet is suitable for both as
squatting pan of Indian type or as sitting pan of
European type.

 Hence the name Anglo-Indian type.

 Top of the pan of European type is flared out to

provide foot rest when used in squatting posture.

 A cover is also hinged in case of European type

for covering the pan.
 Traps
 Water closet pan is
needed to be provided P trap
with a trap.

 The traps are glazed

form inside. S trap

 These are of following

types used in W.C. : Q trap
a) P traps
b) S traps
c) Q traps
 Flushing Cistern
 They are used for flushing out
water closets and urinals.

 They are made up of cast iron or

porcelain, nowadays PVC is
used.

 For Indian type W.C. cast iron

flushing cistern are normally
used, whereas for European type
and Anglo Indian type w c,
porcelain cisterns are used.
 In Indian type W.C., the flushing cistern is mounted
on a wall at about 2 meters height.

 In European type W.C., it is close coupled with the

closet and in Anglo-Indian type W.C., it is
separately provided.
Cistern Price
 Cost:
G.I. cistern, 12 L Rs. 2182.00
capacity

Plastic or PVC Rs. 1450.00

cistern, 6 L
capacity
Source : Parryware sanitary
appliances
Urinals
 The urinals are sanitary wares used for urinary purpose
and are connected to a soil pipe after a suitable trap.
 Bowl
urinals

Types Stall
of urinals
Urinals

Slab
urinals
 Bowl Stall urinals
urinals
• These are • These type
generally of urinals are
used in used in
residential
Slab public
buildings. urinals lavatories.
• These type
of urinals
are used in
governmen
t and public
buildings.
 Urinals with Flush
Sensors
 Automatic flush facilities
are retrofitted to existing
systems.

 The handle-operated valves

are replaced with battery-
powered electronic valve.

 These kind of urinals are

used at public places like
shopping malls,
multiplexes, cinema halls,
theaters etc.
 Waterless Urinals
 In these type of urinals
we don’t need to
provide flush.

 A sealant liquid lighter

than water is provided
in the trap, which floats
on urine provide a tight
seal, hence the foul
smell of urine is
prevented.

 These type of urinals

save a lot of water.
 Kitchen Sinks
 While a wash basin
is used for washing
hands, face etc. a
sink is used in the
kitchen.

 Sink may be made of

glazed fire clay,
stainless steel,
porcelain or
enameled pressed
steel.
 They are manufactured in
various sizes and shapes,
though rectangular shape is
quite common in kitchen.

 A sink may also be

constructed of cast-in-situ
concrete, with suitable
finishing surface such as
marble, terrazzo etc.

 The outlet pipe discharge

over a floor trap.
Different Types Of Kitchen
Sink
Drainer Bowl

Single Bowl with Double Bowl without

Drainer Drainer

Double Bowl with

Drainer
Costs Of Kitchen Sinks :
Sinks Size Price
Stainless 24” x 18” Rs. 5120
steel sink,
single bowl
without
drainer
Stainless 40” x 20” Rs. 8000
steel sink,
single bowl
with drainer
 Bath tubs
 Bath tubs are usually made of iron or steel
coated with enamel, enameled porcelain or of
plastic material.

 They may also be made of cast-in-situ concrete

finished with marble chips or terrazzo.

 Acrylic Bath tubs and gel-coated glass fibre bath

tubs are also common in hotels and private
houses these days.
 Dimensions of bath tub
varies as,
Length - 1.7m to 1.85m,
Width - 0.7m to 0.75m,
Height - 0.43m to 0.6m.

 According to the material

used the cost of bath tubs
vary from ` 50,000 to 1 lac.