The document discusses elections and political parties in the Philippines. It outlines the country's electoral systems which include periodic elections by plurality vote for executives and senators elected at-large in legislative districts. Political parties seek to influence policy by nominating candidates for political offices. While parties in the Philippines have diverse ideologies, most lack genuine grassroots membership and are led by political figures. The document also notes some anomalies in Philippine elections like lack of resources for oversight and influence of money in elections.
The document discusses elections and political parties in the Philippines. It outlines the country's electoral systems which include periodic elections by plurality vote for executives and senators elected at-large in legislative districts. Political parties seek to influence policy by nominating candidates for political offices. While parties in the Philippines have diverse ideologies, most lack genuine grassroots membership and are led by political figures. The document also notes some anomalies in Philippine elections like lack of resources for oversight and influence of money in elections.
The document discusses elections and political parties in the Philippines. It outlines the country's electoral systems which include periodic elections by plurality vote for executives and senators elected at-large in legislative districts. Political parties seek to influence policy by nominating candidates for political offices. While parties in the Philippines have diverse ideologies, most lack genuine grassroots membership and are led by political figures. The document also notes some anomalies in Philippine elections like lack of resources for oversight and influence of money in elections.
THE CONTEXT OF THE PHILIPPINES. POLITICAL PARTIES SEEK TO INFLUENCE GOVERNMENT POLICY BY NOMINATING SELECT CANDIDATES TO HOLD SEATS IN POLITICAL OFFICES. PERIODIC ELECTION OF OFFICIALS BY SINGLE-BALLOT PLURALITY VOTE EXECUTIVE AND SENATORS ELECTED AT LARGE EXISTENCE OF LEGISLATIVE DISTRICTS AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS ELECTORATE: DULY REGISTERED CITIZENS 18 YEARS OF AGE AND ABOVE THESE VOTING SYSTEMS ARE USED BY MOST OTHER ADVANCED WESTERN DEMOCRACIES AND ARE DESIGNED TO ENSURE THE PARTIES ARE REPRESENTED PROPORTIONAL IN THE LEGISLATURE. THEY INCLUDE PARTY LIST SYSTEMS, MIXEDMEMBER PROPORTIONAL, AND THE SINGLE TRANSFERABLE VOTE. THESE ARE THE WINNER-TAKE-ALL SYSTEMS THAT ARE USUALLY USED IN US. THEY INCLUDE THE COMMON PLURALITY SYSTEMS LIKE THE SINGLE- MEMBER DISTRICT PLURALITY VOTE AND AT LARGE VOTING, AND LESS COMMON MAJORITY SYSTEMS LIKE THE TWO-ROUND RUNOFF AND THE INSTANT RUN-OFF. 1. SINGLE-MEMBER PLURALITY SYSTEMS 2. MULTI-MEMBER PLURALITY SYSTEMS 3. SINGLE-MEMBER MAJORITARIAN SYSTEMS A. THE ALTERNATIVE VOTE B. THE TWO-BALLOT SYSTEM 1. PARTY LIST SYSTEMS A. PARTY LIST SYSTEMS: VARIANTS A) LARGEST REMAINDER SYSTEM B) THE HIGHEST AVERAGE SYSTEM C) COMBINING THE FORMULAE 2. SINGLE TRANSFERABLE VOTE SYSTEMS IN THE PHILIPPINES ARE OF DIVERSE IDEOLOGIES AND ARE PLENTIFUL IN NUMBER. MOST OF THESE PARTIES DO NOT HAVE ACTUAL GRASSROOTS MEMBERSHIP AMONG ORDINARY VOTERS BUT RATHER THAT OF POLITICAL FIGURES AND LEADERS. • PREVENT OF ELECTORAL FRAUDS: 1. VIGILANCE OF THE CITIZENS 2. RELEVANT GOVERNMENT BODIES 3. REFORMS SUCH AS COMPUTERIZATION AND CONTINUOUS REGISTRATION 4. POLITICAL EDUCATION 5. POLL OBSERVERS ( LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL DURING ELECTIONS) PARTY-LIST SYSTEM = ART. VI SEC. 5 OF THE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION -- PARTY-LIST REPRESENTATIVE BE ELECTED TO CONSTITUTE 20 PER CENTUM OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF THE SEATS IN THE HOUSE OF THE REPRESENTATIVE PROVIDES OPPORTUNITY FOR UNDER- REPRESENTED SECTORS AND PARTIES IN THE PHILIPPINE SOCIETY TO HAVE A LEGITIMATE CHANCE OF WINNING REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS ANOMALIES IN THE PHILIPPINE ELECTIONS: 1. LACK OF HUMANPOWER IN THE COMELEC 2. INFLUENCE OF “ GOLD, GUNS AND GOONS “ 3. FLYING VOTERS 4. VOTE BUYING 5. TAMPERING WITH THE ELECTION RETURNS 6. ‘ DAGDAG-BAWAS ' MEMBERS : ELVIE M. VALDEZ DONALYN J. TAMAYO MOISES A. MEDINA JONATHAN A. REYES