Facts and Figures:

Measurements estimate and important conversions

************Collate it -Very Important***********************

Country:
In 2017, in India the BPO industry generated US$30 billion in revenue according to the national industry
association.[The BPO industry is a small segment of the total outsourcing industry in India. The BPO industry and IT
services industry in combination are worth a total of US$154 billion in revenue in 2017.[29] The BPO industry in the
Philippines generated $22.9 billion in revenues in 2016.[30] In 2015, official statistics put the size of the total
outsourcing industry in China, including not only the BPO industry but also IT outsourcing services, at $130.9
billion.[31]

Finance:
70% of assets of Indian banks are in Government control

Every day companies and consumers send $76 billion in payments across banks

Technology:

Digital twin – using IOT to create virtual product or process and operate it from remote locations. Currently used by
NASA in spacecraft & GE in wind farming

Market value of IoT is projected to reach $7 trillion by 2020

Potential of growth by implementing Industrial IoT will generate $12 trillion of global GDP by 2030.

Block chain’s biggest corporate boosters like IBM, NASDAQ, Fidelity, Swift and Walmart have gone long on press but short
on actual rollout. Even the most prominent blockchain company, Ripple, doesn’t use blockchain in its product. You read
that right: the company Ripple decided the best way to move money across international borders was to not use Ripples.

eCommerce:

Government initiatives – Digital India, Start up India, Make in India, Skill India, Innovation Fund, launched e-commerce
portal TRIFED to allow tribal artisans get access to international market, increased FDI limit to 100% in e-commerce(B2B)

Private initiatives – Digital udaan (web sites to very small vendors), paytm (QR codes to simplify payments, provides
unlimited deposit account, trying to rope in state public transportations and travel agencies, omni-channel strategy of
having both offline and online space for small retailers)

Indian E-Commerce market $38.5 billion in 2017, projected to reach $200 billion by 2026

Expected to become 2nd largest e-commerce market in world by 2034 (china, india, us)

With growing internet penetration, internet users in India are expected to increase from 481 million as of December
2017 to 829 million by 2021

Internet penetration grew from 4% in 2007 to 35% in 2017 at a CAGR of approximately 24.23%

For urban population of 440 million internet penetration is 65%, for rural population of 900 million internet penetration
is just 20%

eCommerce retail: 48% electronics, 29% apparel, 9% home and furnishing, 8% personal care

Cash less transactions are expected to be 55% of all online sales

According to IBEF, the online travel market alone is expected to account for around 40%-50% of the total transactions by
2020.

Overall Indian internet economy is expected to double from $125 billion in April 2017 to $250 billion by 2020

overall Indian travel market to reach $48 Bn by 2020 at a CAGR of 11%-11.5%.

Air travel will reach $30 Bn by 2020 growing at 15%. It continues to be the dominating category. It will be closely
followed by hotels ($13 Bn) and railways($5 Bn).

Oyo rooms now expanding global to Nepal after Malaysia

E-commerce industry in India witnessed 21 private equity and venture capital deals worth US$ 2.1 billion in 2017 and six deals worth
US$ 226 million in January-April 2018

Indian  India has potential to become US$ 5 trillion economy in the next 7-8 years and a US$ 10 trillion
Economy economy till 2035 according to Ministry of Commerce and Industry .
 India's overseas tourism has recorded growth in visa applications to 4.7 million in 2017 at
the rate 10 per cent year-on-year, according to a report by VFS Global.
 The 28 per cent slab rate has been cut down for 191 items and retained for 35 items by the
Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council.
 Startup India Hub has mentored more than 550 startups, attained 220,000 registrations and
handled over 100,000 queries as of June 2018.
India Facts  Almost 70 percent of the Indian population has schooling up to middle-school, with only 30
and Figures percent of citizens reaching beyond that level.
 The Government of India has distributed rewards worth around Rs 153.5 crore (US$ 23.8
million) to 1 million customers for embracing digital payments, under the Lucky Grahak Yojana
and Digi-Dhan Vyapar Yojana.

 Companies like Applied DNA and Everledger which are leading companies in the
implementation of block chain technology are coming together for the betterment of the
Logistics transportation to track the movements and transportation of goods in more complicated
ecosystems.
 Rivigo using blockchain technology to manage logistics and transportation and is assuring 50
% decrease in the lead time that will further increase the profitability of the supply chain.
 The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), through National Highways Authority
of India (NHAI) has launched FASTag programme to allow cashless payment of user fee for
near non-stop movement of vehicles through toll plazas.
 Mobile applications such as My FASTag have also started taking requests and providing FASTag
to interested road users
 As per the Gazette notification on September 2, 2017, all new motor vehicles sold on or after
the December 1, 2017, shall be fitted with FASTag
 Blockchain technology has been used in overcoming the sustainability issues like Circular tree
Blockchain is working on the project Hazchain which aims at reducing the complexity of the managing
knowledge about chemical hazards and potential risks.
 SustainBlock- SustainBlock utilizes blockchain technology for Conflict Minerals traceability.
 19 Banks dealing in health care insurance including SBI Life, ICICI Bank And Axis bank are in
talks to use blockchain to form interconnected and shared online database of health related to
its consumers. It will reduce the operational cost that is incurred everytime one certifies or
verifies patient/ consumer’s well being before insuring him.
  According to research from IDC(Interactive Data Coorporation), two-thirds of the CEO’s of
Global 2000 companies will shift their focus from traditional, offline strategies to more
modern digital strategies to improve the customer experience
 The companies that do transform digitally are creating highly engaged customers
 According to a research by IDC, highly engaged customers buy 90% more frequently,
 Spend 60% more per purchase, and have 3 times the annual value compared to the average
customer.
Digitalizing  At lightning speed using digitalization, Companies can develop and test new products—for
customer example, through digitally enabled simulations, 3D printed prototypes, or minimally viable
experience products released in the actual marketplace
 Software adds value to physical products.
 BCG(Boston Consultancy Group) research shows that the number of digital joint ventures has
increased by almost 60% in the past four years
 Schneider Electric, Deere & Company, and Schindler Group (a manufacturer of elevators,
escalators, and moving walkways), employ many types of new information-based services,
analytics, and insights by adding internet-connected devices—such as sensors,
microprocessors, radios, and GPS locators—to their products.
 Google and Boston Consulting Group (BCG) report found that 2020 should see almost 50
percent of the population immersed in digital payments.
 As India’s Internet penetration booms (390 million Internet users) thanks to rock bottom data
prices ($0.17 per GB in 2017), the country’s online retail market is witnessing a massive surge
Artificial  Amazon Go launches automated retail revolution where fully automated store concept which
Intelligence promise no lines or checkouts which uses artificial intelligence to streamline the shopping.
 National Payment Corporation of India has launched UPI 2.0 .
The main features of UPI 2.0 are-
You can plan your future payment by authorizing a payment earlier and actually making the
payment later.

 Banking sector growing at the rate of 12.64 % year on year so the people are investing money
to improve their standard of living
 Bank provides funds for business as well as personal needs hence helping to raise the
standard
Banking  A new portal named 'Udyami Mitra' has been launched by the Small Industries Development
Sector Bank of India (SIDBI) with the aim of improving credit availability to Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises' (MSMEs) in the country.
 The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Ordinance, 2017 Bill has been passed by
Rajya Sabha and is expected to strengthen the banking sector.
 Under the Union Budget 2018-19, the government has allocated Rs 3 trillion (US$ 46.34
billion) towards the Mudra Scheme and Rs 3,794 crore (US$ 586.04 million) towards credit
support, capital and interest subsidy to MSMEs
E-Commerce  Propelled by rising smartphone penetration, the launch of 4G networks and increasing
consumer wealth, the Indian e-commerce market is expected to grow to US$ 200 billion by
2026 from US$ 38.5 billion in 2017.
 India’s internet economy is expected to double from US$125 billion as of April 2017 to US$
250 billion by 2020, majorly backed by ecommerce
 India’s E-commerce revenue is expected to jump from US$ 39 billion in 2017 to US$ 120 billion
in 2020, growing at an annual rate of 51 per cent, the highest in the world.
 E-commerce industry in India witnessed 21 private equity and venture capital deals worth US$
2.1 billion in 2017 and six deals worth US$ 226 million in January-April 2018
 In order to increase the participation of foreign players in the e-commerce field, the Indian
Government hiked the limit of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the E-commerce marketplace
model for up to 100 per cent (in B2B models).
E-  Technology enabled innovations like digital payments, hyper-local logistics, analytics driven
Commerce customer engagement and digital advertisements will likely support the growth in the
sector.
 . The growth in e-commerce sector will also boost employment, increase revenues from
export, increase tax collection by ex-chequers, and provide better products and services to
customers in the long-term.
 61 % of market share of all ecommerce transactions is occupied by Travelling websites in
which IRCTC tops, Retail sector is the close second one and it is the fastest growing sector.
E commerce  Amazon- The e-commerce giant Amazon has 50,000 employees in the country and is
employment recruiting every year and investing in indigeneous R&D research centres.
Statistics  HSBC(Honkong and Shanghai Business Coorporation) Global Report forecasts that half of the
24 million jobs that India is seeking to create in the next ten years could be filled in the
ecommerce sector.
 Flipkart launched Flipkart Plus in response to Amazon’s Amazon Prime. There will not be any
membership fees for the subscription of Flipkart Plus. Only catch is that you need to make a
payment of 12500 inr atleast to be eligible for membership.

FMCG  FMCG is the 4th largest sector in the Indian economy

Sector  Household and Personal Care is the leading segment, accounting for 50 per cent of the overall
market. Hair care (23 percent) and Food and Beverages (19 per cent) comes next in terms of
market share
 Growing awareness, easier access and changing lifestyles have been the key growth drivers for
the sector.
 The number of online users in India is likely to cross 850 million by 2025.
 Retail market in India is estimated to reach US$ 1.1 trillion by 2020 from US$ 672 billion in
2016, with modern trade expected to grow at 20 per cent - 25 per cent per annum, which is
likely to boost revenues of FMCG companies
 People are gracefully embracing Ayurveda products, which has resulted in growth of FMCG
major, Patanjali Ayurveda, with a revenue of US$ 1.57 billion in FY17. The company aims to
expand globally in the next 5 to 10 years.

Indian  Indian Logistics sector gives employment to 22 million people in the country
Logistics  A total of 14.4 % is spent on logistics of the whole GDP.
 During last two years India’s position according to World Bank Logistics Performance
Index(LPI) has been improved from 54 to 35 in two years, that means Indian logistics industry
is improving.
 Government of India has allotted a budget of 6 Lakh Crore for improving the infrastructure in
terms of roads, railways and ports to ensure better transportation as its being one of the most
important drivers of the supply chain.
 Dabbawalas of Mumbai: Reliable, fool proof logistics system of delivering lunch boxes to over
5,00,000 office goers every day without letting the wrong lunch box reaching the wrong office
and also ensuring the boxes reach on time.
 Indian post office as a perfect example of effective logistics system delivering to the entire
length and breadth of the country.
 Logistics helps in maintaining the inventory level and hence helps in reducing the cost involved
in keeping the inventory in buffer.
Marketting  After seeing the dynamic and global changes in PC market, Sony decided to completely sell off
Examples its market and move away from the PC selling business. By this , it gained more flexibility and
could assign more resources and attention to its smartphones and tablets category.
  It is the brand that enables the customer to recognize between two firms and products.
 Amazon.com has a loyal following because its reputation for service prompts customers to
turn to it first.
 According to an article released in www.youngentrepreneur.com, A boy who ordered
Playstation worth 500$ was apparently stolen during delivery, and he received another
playstation free of cost from amazon. Amazon lost 500$ but it gained a reputation for its
service with its customer who will now buy every electronics from amazon and will tell
everyone about this extraordinary incident.
 Cococola just on the basis of its distribution channel efficiency and advertising strategies is the
only beverages company who is in the list of the World’s top 10 most valued firms with a total
worth of 79.2 billions.
 There were multiple allegation on coca cola for being the main reason for obesity in the
regions where the soda drinks were consumed the most. So coca cola stopped advertising on
the channels which children watch and stopped advertising related to kids and also launched
the products related to low calorie and less health hazards.
 Disney uses magic band which uses RFID technology for the collection of data of their
customers . what kinds of rides they want, which type of rides they are preferring. According
to that they optimize their park.

From floor group

Does India need a Dictator?

1. The dictator rule has always incurred miserable life for people.
2. Hitler's and Mussolini’s policies and orders resulted in the deaths of about 50 million people in Europe
in World war 2.
3. North Korea’s Kim Jong Un’s rule has caused half of the nation i.e. 24 million people to live in extreme
poverty.
4. Therefore, dictatorship can never bring prosperity to any country.
5. Egyptian people overthrew the 30-year dictatorship of military leader Hosni Mubarak.
6. For a nation to prosper, its political system must foster a national vision, ensure fairness and encourage
participation.
7. When a nation has vision, when its citizens’ efforts are fairly rewarded and when there are opportunities
for participation, the nation rises.
Is GDP the correct way to measure the economy?
1. It does not talk about quality of life.
2. Economy of a bigger nation is big but it doesn’t mean that it is more progressive. India’s GDP is more
than country like Singapore but Singapore is more progressive.
3. GDP is neither a measure of welfare nor an indicator of well-being. No environmental impact
measurement.
4. Also, the produced goods’ quality is not taken into account.
5. There are flaws in GDP but there are no other strong options. GNP, gross happiness product are
having their own major shortcomings. Therefore currently the GDP can’t be replaced with others.

Should data be the only point for decision making?

There’s a Harvard Business Review article on this (Good data won't guarantee good decisions)
https://hbr.org/2012/04/good-data-wont-guarantee-good-decisions
1. No, it should not be the only point for decision making.
2. Analytic skills are concentrated in too few employees.
3. IT needs to spend more time on the “I” and less on the “T.”
 4. Reliable information exists, but it’s hard to locate.
5. What can be done: training workers to increase their data literacy and more efficiently incorporate
information into decision making, and giving those workers the right tools.

Labour vs automation
1. Leading car manufacturer Maruti Suzuki India Ltd now has one robot for almost every four workers —it
deploys some 5,000 robots at their Manesar and Gurgaon plants
2. World Bank president Jim Yong Kim in October 2016 said that research based on World Bank data
predicted that the proportion of jobs threatened by automation in India is 69% year-on-year
3. The automation, similarly is expected to create a Rs. 350 billion industry
4.The authors’ analysis of data across 52 countries during 1993 to 2014 shows that differential ageing alone
explains close to 40% of the cross-country variation in the adoption of industrial robots
5. Technological advancement can help boost productivity as well as generate new job categories—an
example is app developers, who now constitute an estimated 4 million workforce in India

4 years of modi government

1)Easy of doing business: One of the key parameters that the government wanted to improve was ease of doing business.
Modi had made it clear that India’s ranking on the World Bank chart should improve. In 2014,on world bank’s ease of
doing business ranking, India stood 134 and in 2018 india stood 100 rank.
th th

2)Planning Commission was replaced with NITI Aayog : Conflicting ministries were brought under one minister like
steel and mines or coal and power

3)Process started for privatisation of Air India : The insolvency and bankruptcy code implemented in 2016 laid out the
rules for a court-monitored time-bound process of dealing with bad loans. This has led to Rs 4 lakh crore worth of
recoveries.

4)Expanding Political Base: Politically, BJP has expanded its footprint across India during the past four years. It had a
government in seven states in May 2014 — the Modi government was sworn in on May 26. Today, it either heads the
government or is part of the ruling coalition in 22 states.
5)FDI: FDI has gone up since BJP came to power. The government has eased foreign investments norms in some crucial
sectors, including retail, aviation and construction
- Japan investing in first bullet train
- India was able to convince to Canada to supply uranium for India’s nuclear reactions for next 5 years
- Australia is set to sign a Nuclear power deal with India to supply around 500 tonnes of uranium to india.
- $20 billion investment from Xi and his Chinese counterparts

6)Equity markets: Equity benchmarks BSE Sensex and NSE Nifty have advanced nearly 40 per cent since Modi took
over as Prime Minister
7)Non performing assests: Rising bad loans have become a major headache for the modi government. the gross Non-
Performing Assets (NPAs) of Public Sector Banks are just under Rs. 4 lakh crore

8)Changing in attitude on critical issues: India was considered to be defensive country with focus on maintaining peace.
Modi shown a more aggressive way to deal with sensitive issues. Incidents like surgical strikes in Pak occupied Kashmir
and destroying Pakistan bases give us a glimpse of it

9)Make in India: the purpose of which is to make India a global manufacturing hub. Its intent is to increase
manufacturing's share of the country's GDP from 16 per cent to 25 per cent by 2022 and to create 100 million additional
jobs by that year.

10)Digital India: Digital India is a campaign launched by the Government of India to ensure the Government services
are made available to citizens electronically by improved online infrastructure and by increasing Internet connectivity or
by making the country digitally empowered in the field of technology
 - Digital purchase of fuel through cfredit cards, mobile wallets gives discount of 0.75%
- Free accident insurance on account of online ticket buyers
- On purchase of new LIC policies via its site, 8% discount a offered.

11)Swach Bharat: is a campaign in India that aims to clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure of India's cities,
smaller towns, and rural areas. The objectives of Swachh Bharat include eliminating open defecation through the
construction of household-owned and community-owned toilets and establishing an accountable mechanism of
monitoring toilet use

12)Government with clean image: No corruption charges and politicians have worked with commitment. PM led his
team with example not taking leave and regular Mann ki Baat program on general issues.

13)Demonetization
14)GST
15)Schemes launched by government:
- Ayushman bharat- National health protection mission
- Transformation of Aspirational Districts programmes: NITI Aayog announced “Transformation of Aspirational
Districts” programme which aims to quickly transform and uplift 101 backward districts in India in terms of basic
amenities, infrastructure facilities, health facilities, standards of living, etc.
- Atal pension Yojana: which ensure old age pension to those who are not covered under any pension or social security
scheme.
- Namami Ganga project: focus on pollution, treatment of waste water, use of innovative technologies, sewage treatment
plants.
- Jan Dhan yojna: over 15 crore bank accounts were opened in one year under the scheme. Main focus has been on
reaching facility, pension and insurance to account holders.
- Smart city mission
- Pradhan mantra ujjwala yojana: Launched to provide free LPG connections to women from below poverty line families.

16)BHIM APP: government had introductedd various technology to support digital india. It has 17 million downloads in
3 months since its launch.

Should Internet be Censored?

Favor: Following things could be avoided if Internet is Censored
 Breeding ground for violent behaviour (ex. Hate Content)
 Sexual content- a great cause of concern
 Terrorists are recruiting innocent youth through internet
 Cyber bullying & maintaining Cyber security
 Misleading ads & Fake news
 Defamation
Against:
 Violates the right to freedom of speech and expression
 Concentration of power in the hands of the government ----> Dictatorship
 Money power may rule the internet
 Protests
 Lesser Radical changes happening
Examples:
 India banned porn sites in 2014, but the ban was lifted within a week due to public pressure.
 In 2015, 32 websites were banned in India including Daily motion, GitHub, Vimeo as they could
host terror content relating to ISIS. But this ban too was lifted later
  In a meeting with WhatsApp CEO Chris Daniels on August 21,2018, Union IT Minister Ravi
Shankar Prasad instructed the Facebook-owned platform to comply with the law of the land
and take "suitable" steps to prevent its misuse.
 Chinese have no access to google, facebook, twitter.
 Saudi Arabia and UAE block the sites that contain pornography and any other Anti-Islamic
content.
Conclusion:
No Censoring but monitoring

Sourcing from China: Boon or Bane?

1. Background: Last year, the bilateral trade rose by 18.63% year on year to 184.46 billion
dollar. 92% of india’s imports from china belong to 4 catogries: Electronics, engineering,
chemicals, pharma. 40% increase of indian exports to china in 2017 totalling to $16.34 billion
thus Trade deficit of india to china crossed $52 trillion in year 2016 and continuously increasing
.India has been pressing china to open IT and pharma.
2. Dependency: For indian firms to reduce massive trade deficit.90% active pharma. Ingridients
used by indian pharma industry are sourced from china which is avalue added commodity
whereas commodities like diamond.copper,organic chemicals and cotton are raw materials
which widens the trade deficit.
3. Bane
low on quality.
.Sivakasi in Tamil nadu which is widely considered as the fireworks hub of India has seen its revenue
and workers being affected due to influx of Chinese crackers. Another industry that has been affected
so badly by the Chinese version is the toy industry in India.
In the last 5 years near about 40% of the Indian toy companies have been shut down. Rest 20% are
on the verge of closing down.
In the last 4-5 years near about 2000 SMEs have been closed down..

3. Environmental Impact

All these imports have a significant affect on the environment as well. The huge imports from China
leads to increasing of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) waste which contain hazardous
substances like Lead(Pb), dioxins and furanes.
An equally increasing concern is the poor WEEE recycling techniques such as dumping, dismantling,
inappropriate shredding, burning and acid leaching; particularly in developing countries like India.

4. Legal
Delhi High Court, in the year 2014, had restrained Xiaomi from selling in India handsets that run on
the technology patented by Ericsson. Xiaomi has been violating its eight patents pertaining to AMR,
EDGE and 3G technologies in the field of telecommunication.

Non Performing Assets

1.Definition
A nonperforming asset (NPA) refers to a classification for loans or advances that are in default or are in
arrears on scheduled payments of principal or interest.
2. Background
In the exuberant milieu that started way back in 2004–05 and continued for three years until the global financial
crisis of 2008, large corporations conceived major project proposals in capital-intensive sectors such as power,
ports, airports, housing and highway construction. Banks were only too keen to lend, often without sufficient
evaluation of risks and returns. Things started worsening with the policy paralysis brought about by the
spectrum and coal mining scandals. Soon, most projects were getting stuck, especially in power and highways.
Banks found their loans going sour, which led to the whole situation of NPAs

3. Global Comparison
India has the highest level of NPA amongst the BRICS countries and is overall ranked fifth on a list of countries
with the highest level of NPAs.

Among the major economies of the world, India has the second highest ratio of NPAs (9.85%).

In contrast, China, whose economic growth is largely fueled by borrowings, has only 1.75% NPA. Among the
various industries, basic metals and cement industries are the most indebted, with 45.8% and 34.6% stressed
assets respectively

4. Solutions:
Project Sashakt
'SASHAKT' stands for strengthening and the whole objective was to strengthen the credit capacity, credit
culture and portfolio of public sector banks
·
banks should create a focused vertical for management of stressed assets for priority resolution of SMEs
with loans up to Rs. 50 crore.

For loans ranging between Rs 50 to 500 crores, a Bank Led Resolution Approach (BLRA) has been
recommended, wherein financial institutions will enter into an inter-creditor agreement to authorise the
lead bank to implement a resolution plan in 180 days.

The AMC will be set up by state-run banks for resolution of loans above Rs 500 crore.

5. Facts about stressed power assests

24 stressed power assets will find it difficult to find buyers because they are incomplete due to
cancellation of coal block allocation, delay in getting land or environmental clearances and local
unresolved issues

6. Solution: RBI turned this down

Rural Electric Corporation comes with a new way- Pariwartan, to set up asset restructuring company for
stressed power asset, banks and NTPC to become Operations and Maintenance partners on board to
revitalize stressed power assets. It has identified 11470 MW of thermal power projects for Pariwartan.