MHP Design Aids P

HYDROLOGICAL CALCULATIONS FOR UNGAUGED MHP RIVERS
Project: Nagmati Dam

INPUT
River name : Nagmati
Location : Sundarijal
Measured flow for MIP method l/s: 91
Month and day of flow measurement: April 15
MIP region (1 -7) : 3
Area of basin below 3000m elevation A3000 km2 : 13
Turbine discharge Qd l/s: 100
Water losses due to evaporation/flushing/seepage % : 5%
Downstream water release due to environmental reasons % : 10%
OUTPUT
Q design =100 l/s with 11-mont
MIP monthly average discharge Hydest Flood Flows Q as per MGSP =100 l/s with 11-mont
Month Discharge (l/s) Return Period (yrs) Flood Discharge (m3/s)

January 246.61 Daily Instantaneous
February 171.08 2 10.076 19.056
March 125.58 20 26.011 62.226
April 91.00 100 38.518 101.562
May 171.08
June 284.83 Discharge (l/s) Designed As per MGSP
July 1232.14 Qturbine 100.000 100.000
August 2275.00 Q diverted 105.263 105.263
September 1895.53 Q losses 5.263 5.263
October 948.22 Q release 9.100 9.100
November 455.00 Q required 114.363 114.363
December 341.25 Q exceedence (month) 11 11
Annual av 686.443
Long Term Average Annual Hydrograph of Nagmati river, Nagmati Dam

2500.00
MIP Flows
Discharge (l/s)
Q design =100 l/s with 11-month exceedence

2000.00 Q as per MGSP =100 l/s with 11-month exceedence
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
0.00
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
MONTH
A1: Pushpa Chitrakar:
GUIDELINES/STANDARDS
*15 years as the economic life span of the project.
*Q design = Minimum of
Q available - environmental release (~10%)- conveyance losses(~5%)
85% of Q available
*Minimum probability of exceedence of Q available at river should be 11months.
*At least one spot Q measurement in dry season for all projects.
*Q monthly flow using MIP with interpolations. Alternatively, Hydest method may be used if the catchment area is relatively larger (=> 100 square km).
*Q flood flow of 20 year return period using Hydest if Qd>100 lps .
*Qmeasurement preferable during November to May or else it has to be verified later.
*Q measurement methods
Bucket collection < Weir >Salt dilution
10lps < Q >30lps
+- 10% tolerance on Qd at power verification*

BLUE cells are mandatory inputs

Q measurement methods
Bucket collection < Weir >Salt dilution
10lps < Q >30lps

A3000 should be zero if the flood calculation is not needed.

Q available = Qdesign + 10% environmental release/weir losses +5% conveyance losses.
D26: Pushpa Chitrakar:

The design discharge for structures from penstock inlet to tailrace (penstock, turbine, tailrace, valves).
This discharge should be =< 85% of Q available durig 11 months.

The design discharge for structures from intake to forebay (intake, headrace, gravel trap, settling basin).

The discharge that should be available in the river. This discharge is also used for Q exceedence calculations.
F26: Pushpa Chitrakar:

MGSP requires that Q turbine =< 85% of Q11
Side Intake with orifice Design
Nagmati Dam
Design Coarse Trashrack

Flood Level Orifice (H*B)
Min 100 thick & 1000 wide
Normal walkway Rcc slab
river level 1
Weir Crest 3
h rf hr h sub h cf
River bed Gravel Flushing Gate hc Canal
hbot
Gravel trap (if needed)
1:30
Compacted earth/200mm stone soling
Trashrack calculations Broad; sharp edges

Input Output Broad; round edges
Trashrack coeffieient kt 2.4 2.4 round overfall
Bar thickness t mm 4.00 Headloss due to friction hf m 0.0012
Clear spacing of bars b mm 75.00 Headloss due to bends hb m 0.0000
Approach velocity Vo m/s 0.75 Headloss coeff K 0.0417
Angle of inclination from horizontal f deg 60.00 Total headloss ht m 0.0012
Flow deviation b deg 0.00 Surface area A surface m2 0.3104
Design Discharge Qd cumec 0.105 Vertical height h m 0.3000
Height of trashrack bottom from river bed ht 0.20 Trashrack width B m 0.90
Orifice Calculations for (B = 2H or provided) rectangular canal downstream of orifice

Input
Orifice River
Velocity coeff of orifice c 0.8
0.8 Crest length L m 5.000
Velocity through orifice Vo m/s 1.2 Provided Q flood m3/s 10.000
Manning's coeff of roughness 0.02
0.02 Q flood m /s (Q20 for MHP with Qd>100)
3
62.226
Downstream submergence depth hsub m 0.050 Used Q flood 10.000
Orifice height H m 0.200 Canal & Spillway
Height of orifice from canal bed h bot m 0.200 Spillway crest height above NWL m 0.050
Provided water depth in the river hr (m) 0.500 Spillway discharge coeff 1.6
1.6
Provided canal width (m) 0.500 Provided Freeboard h fb1 m 0.300
Output
Normal Condition Flood
Canal witdth d/s of orifice 0.500 Critical depth of water at crest yc m 0.742
1/Slope of canal immediately d/s of orifice 998 Flood head at river hf r = hw+yc m 1.342
Depth of water in canal hc m 0.450 Head difference dhf 0.858
Free board in canal h fb m 0.300 Velocity through orifice Vof m/s 2.461
Area of orifice A m2 0.088 Q intake Qf cumec 0.288
Width of orifice B m 0.400 Depth of water at canal (hc f) m 0.484
Actual velocity through orifice Vo act m/s 1.316
Canal width Wc m 0.500 Spillway
Water level difference dh m 0.115 Ls for Qf m (d/s Obs & 100% hot -50) 2.011
Water depth in the river hr = hc + dh m 0.500 Length of spillway Ls1 for Qf m (d/s Obs) 4.071
Height of weir (hw = hr+0.1) m 0.600 Length of spillway Ls2 for Qf-Qd m 5.165
Spillway overtopping height h overtop m 0.125 Designed spillway length Ls m 5.165
BLUE cells are mandatory inputs.

Input blank or Different Projects

Trashrack coefficients of 2.4 (flat bars) or 1.8 (round bars) are mostly used.

MHP GL: 5*40 to 5*75 at =<75mm

MHP GL: =< 75mm

Trashrack approach velocity Vo
General 0.5 - 0.75 m/s
max 1 m/s
MHP GL: 0.2m/s for forebay

Trashrack inclination:
Hydraulically and racking of trash, 3V:1H is the bext. However, intake trashrack is very much governed by the site conditions.
MHP GL: 60 - 80.

Flow deviation wrt to the normal to the trashrack area.
0 if the flow is perpendicular to trashrack surface.

Ht of trashrack bottom from the river bed is generally 0.2m to 0.3 in MHP.

Velocity coefficient
0.6 sharp edged/roughly finished concrete/ masonry
0.8 carefully finished aperture

1.0 w/o trashrack to avoid bedload. 1.5 max

Typical values of Manningís n.
Type of Orifice Manningís n
Artificially lined channels
Steel, smooth 0.012
Cast iron 0.013
Concrete, well finished 0.012
Concrete, unfinished 0.014
Planed wood 0.012
Brickwork 0.015
Rubble masonry 0.025
Stonemasonry 0.020
Plastered Stone masnry 0.017

Minimum of 50mm is required for the orifice flow

Provide zero for optimun width.

Wc = provided Wc or 2*hc

1/S = provided 1/S if canal width d/s of orifice is not defined ?.
Or else 1/S = 1/{Q * n * P^2/3 /A^5/3 }^2
This is EGL. The bottom slope can vary if a control structure is present d/s.

hc = h sub + H orifice +h bot

If the provided freeboard is more than the calculated, FB = FB provided Or =IF(Q<=0.2,0.2,IF(Q<=0.5,0.3,0.4))

A = Q/V

if A/H<bc provided-0.1, B = A/H, else bc provided-0.1

Check actual velociy to be within (1.0 and 1.5).
If not change the geometry and try again.
If not provided, orifice width+0.1

dh = hr-hc = (V/C)^2 / 2g

h overtop = 50% ( FB -spillway crest height above NWL)
C29: Pushpa Chitrakar:

hf = kt * (t/b)^(4/3) * (Vo^2/2/g) * sin f

hb = Vo^2 /2/g * sin b

K = (hf + hb)/(Vo^2/2g)

H = hf + hb

S = 1/K1 * (t+b)/b * Q/Vo * 1/sin f
K1 = 0.8 for autometic mechanical cleaning
K1 = 0.3 for manual cleaning
K1 = 0.55 is used as a mean value

h = hr -ht
Submerged depth of the trashrack

B = S/(h/sinf)

Critical depth is used even the actual water level near the intake is higher.
yc = (Q^2/L^2/g)^(1/3).
Ywater = CLH^1.5, C=1.7-2.1

Circular references are present:
dh = hr -hc
Q = A * C * (2*g*dh)^0.5
hc = (Q*n/2^(1/3)/SQRT(1/S))^(3/8)

Vof =c*SQRT(2*g*dhf)

Qf =Ao*c*SQRT(2*g*dhf)

Ls =Qf/C/(2*h overtop-.05)^1.5
This is only applicable if total d/s obstruction is present (provision of stoplog or gate).

Ls1 =Qf/C/h overtop^1.5

Ls2 =2*(Qf-Qd)/C/h overtop^1.5
This length is used if there is not any obstruction d/s of the spillway so that the h overtop is varying.

Press F2 and enter if value error occurs.
Bottom/Drop Intake
Nagmati Dam Critical Depth Not Considered
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Input 1 1
River Width flood (Brf) m = 10
River Width (Br) m = 8 ho flood m = 3.413
Head/Critical Depth of u/s water (ho)m = 0.226 vo flood m/s = 5.786
Upstream water velocity (vo) m/s = 1.494 Design Discharge (Q), m3/s = 2.7
River gradient (i) degrees = 9.462 Trashrack witdth/diameter (t) mm = 60
Trashrack gradient (b) deg = 36 Trashrack clearance (a) mm = 30
Contraction coeff (m) = 0.85
Aspect ratio (Length across the river/Breadth along the river) = 3.5464682
Output
c/c distance of trash rack bars d mm = 90 Area of intake (A=L' *b) m2 = 21.522
Total head (he) m = 0.340 Qo u/s of intake (m3/s) normal = 2.700
kappa (c) = 0.749 Qu d/s of intake (m3/s) normal = 0.000
velocity head (h) m = 0.170 h flood = 2.558
Correction factor ( c) = 0.146 Qof u/s of intake = Br * hof * vof (m3/s) = 197.496
Length of intake (L) m = 2.249 Q in flood m3/s = 12.574
Factored length (L' = 120% of L) m = 2.699 Quf d/s of intake (m3/s) = 184.922
Intake length across the river (b) m = 7.975
BLUE cells are mandatory inputs.
A27: Critical Depth

Section & Trashrack contraction coeff (m)
Flat front 0.62-0.65
Round frontal flat 0.75-0.85
Round 0.80-0.90
Tipped 0.90-0.95

d=t+a

he = ho + vo^2/2g

X = =0.00008*b^2 - 0.0097*b + 0.9992

h =2/3*c*he=3/4*Yc(if Yc considered)

c =0.6*a/d*(COSb)^1.5

L =SQRT(3*Q/(2*c*m*L/B ratio*SQRT(2*9.81*h)))

b = L/B ratio * L

L' hor = L'*cosB

The depth calculated is for uniform flow.

FB min = 0.25*h

At the entrance of the rack
Critical depth (steeper rack).
Sub-critical flow (flatter rack)
C26: Critical Depth

Qo u/s = Br * ho * vo

Qu u/s = Qo u/s - Qdesign

h flood = 2/3*c*(ho flood+vo flood^2/2g)

Q in flood = 2/3*c*m*b*L'*SQRT(2*9.81*h flood)

Peter Meyer
v min >sqrt(32*a(h/a)^(1/3))
Canal Design: Proposed design and optimum canal sections
Nagmati Dam
Stone masonry canal
Input
Type and Name Diversion Main 1 Main2 Main3
Flow (m /s)
3
0.110 0.145 0.145 0.145
Roughness coefficient (n) 0.02
0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02
0.02
Sectional Profile Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular
Side slope N (1V:NHorizontal) 00 00 00 00
Length of the canal (m) 120 90 150 120
1/Canal slope (s) 77 50 30 72
Channel Depth/diameter D (m) 0.200 0.350 0.300 0.300
Freeboard FB (m) 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150
Channel Width (B) m 0.350 0.400 0.400 0.400
Channel Drops di m 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Channel Drops Horizontal length hi m 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Desired velocity Vo (m/s) 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500
Output
Side slope d (degrees) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Canal slope S 0.01299 0.02000 0.03333 0.01389
Total depth H (m) 0.350 0.500 0.450 0.450
Chainage L (m) 120.000 210.000 360.000 480.000
Present canal
Area A m2 0.070 0.140 0.120 0.120
Top Width T (m) 0.350 0.400 0.400 0.400
Wetted Perimeter P (m) 0.750 1.100 1.000 1.000
Hydraulic Radius r (m) 0.093 0.127 0.120 0.120
Calculated flow (m3/s) low 0.082 0.250 0.267 0.172
Comment on freeboard ok low ok ok
Velocity V m/s 1.571 1.036 1.208 1.208
Critical Velocity Vc m/s & Remarks 1.4 Not Ok 1.85 Ok 1.72 Ok 1.72 Ok
Headloss hl (m) 1.558 1.800 5.000 1.667
Total headloss Hl(m) 1.558 3.358 8.358 10.025
Critical dia of sediment d crit (mm) 13.333 28.000 44.000 18.333
Optimum canal
Area Ao m2 0.0733 0.0967 0.0967 0.0967
Top Width T (m) 0.3791 0.4353 0.4353 0.4353
Critical Velocity Vc m/s & Remarks 1.38 Not Ok 1.48 Not Ok 1.48 Not Ok 1.48 Not Ok
Hydraulic Radius ro (m) 0.0948 0.1088 0.1088 0.1088
Channel Depth/diameter Do (m) 0.190 0.218 0.218 0.218
Freeboard Fbo (m) 0.100 0.175 0.150 0.150
Total depth Ho (m) 0.290 0.393 0.368 0.368
Channel Width Bo (m) 0.379 0.435 0.435 0.435
Headloss hlo (m) 1.558 1.800 5.000 1.667
Total headloss Hlo(m) 1.558 3.358 8.358 10.025
Critical dia of sediment d crito (mm) 13.540 23.940 39.900 16.625
Input blank or Different Projects

Typical values of Manningís n.
Type of Channel Manningís n
Excavated earth channels
Clean 0.022
Gravelly 0.025
Weedy 0.03
Stony, cobbles (or natural streams) 0.035
Artificially lined channels
Brass 0.011
Steel, smooth 0.012
Steel, painted 0.014
Cast iron 0.013
Concrete, well finished 0.012
Concrete, unfinished 0.014
Planed wood 0.012
Clay tile 0.014
Brickwork 0.015
Asphalt 0.016
Corrugated metal 0.022
Rubble masonry 0.025
Stonemasonry 0.020

Sectional Profiles
Semicircular
Rectangular
Triangular
Trapezoidal

Lined canal = vertical
Unlined canal
* For cuts in fissured rock, more or less disintegrated rock, or tough hardpen 1:0.5
* For cuts in cemented gravel, stiff clay soils. Or ordinary hardpan 1:0.75
* For cuts in firm, gravelyl, clay soilds, or for side hill cross section in average loam 1:1
* For cuts or fills in average loam or gravelly loam 1:1.5
* For cuts or fills in loose sandy loam 1:2
* For cuts or fills in very sandy soil 1:3

Permissible erosionfree velocities:
Fine sand =0.3-0.4
Sandy loam =0.4-0.6
Clayey loam=0.6-0.8
Clay =0.8-2.0
Stone masonry =0.8-2.0
Concrete = 1.0-3.0
Vd =r0^(2/3)*SQRT(S)/n

"TRAPEZOIDAL",DEGREES(ATAN(1/N))

S = 1/(1/S)

Total Depth = water depth/diameter + freeboard

Chainage for "DIFFERENT PROJECTS",L + hi
For a single project = previous chainage+L + hi

Flow area For sectional profile
"SEMICIRCULAR" = PI()* Dr^2/4/2
"TRAPEZOIDAL" = (B+N*D)*D
"RECTANGULAR" = D*B
"TRIANGULAR" = D*B/2

Top Width T = B+2HN
Perimeter for sectional profile
"SEMICIRCULAR" = PI()* D/2
"TRAPEZOIDAL" = B+2*D*sqrt(1+N^2)
"RECTANGULAR" =2* D+B
"TRIAGULAR" = 2*D*sqrt(1+N^2)

Hydraulic radius r = A/P

Calculated flow
Qc = A*r^(2/3)*S^0.5/n

FB cal <= FB provided

Velocity V = Q/A

To ensure stable and uniform flow in a long canal, the velocity should be less than 80% of the Vc = sqrt(A*g/T)

Headloss hl =S*L+di

Total headloss Hl =hl previous + hl

Critical dimeter d crit =11000*ro*S

Ao = Qd /Vo

Hydraulic radius (ro) for optimum canal
"SEMICIRCULAR" = 0.4*SQRT(A)
"TRAPEZOIDAL",0.5*SQRT(SIN(PI()*N/180)*A/(2-COS(PI()*N/180)))
"RECTANGULAR/TRAINAGULAR" = 0.35*SQRT(A)))

Depth (D)
"SEMICIRCULAR" = 4*ro
"TRAINGULAR" = 2.8*ro
"RECTANGULAR/TRAPEZOIDAL = 2*RO

Qd FB
<=0.2 0.2
<=0.5 0.3
>0.5 0.4
MHP: MIN(0.5*water depth, 0.3)

Total depth Ho = Do + FBo

Channel width Bo
"SEMICIRCULAR" = 2*Do
"RECTANGULAR" = 4*ro
"TRAINGULAR" = 5.7*ro
"TRAPEZOIDAL" = 4*ro/SIN(PI()*N/180)

Headloss hl =S*L+di

Total headloss Hl =hl previous + hl

Critical dimeter d crit =11000*ro*S
HEADRACE PIPE CALCULATIONS
INPUT
General:
Location: Dolakha Economic life (years) 15
Hydraulics:
Diversion flow Qd (m3/s) 0.110 U/S Invert Level (m) 1200.00
Flow in each pipe Qi (m3/s) 0.110 % head available or headloss hlt (m) 5.00%
Gross headHg (m) 5.000 Entrance Type 0.2 0.2
Bending radius (r/d) 0.3 0.3
Headrace pipe
Pipe Material Steel Exit (Yes/No) Yes
Welded / Flat rolled if steel Welded No of pipes 1.00
Rolled if steel Rolled Bending angle 01 20.00
Type if steel IS Bending angle 02 4.00
Burried or exposed Burried Bending angle 03 6.00
Type of valve 0.1 0.1 Bending angle 04 20.00
Non standard ultimate tensile strength (UTS) N/mm2 0 Bending angle 05 0
Estimated pipe diameter d(mm) 245 Bending angle 06 0.00
Provided pipe diameter d(mm) 400 Bending angle 07
Min pipe thickness t (mm) 3.0 Bending angle 08
Provided pipe thickness t (mm) 3.0 Bending angle 09
Pipe Length L (m) 100.000 Bending angle 10
Trashrack
2.40 k t b Vo f b Q H
2.40 6.00 20.00 1.00 60.00 0.00 0.110 3.00
Expansion Joints
Tmax (deg) T installation Tmin 1st Pipe length(m) 2nd Pipe L (m) 3rd Pipe L (m) 4th Pipe L (m) 5th Pipe L (m)
40 20 4 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00
OUTPUT
Trashrack
hf hb H coeff H S B Min Submergence CGL=1.5v^2/2g
0.0213 0.0000 0.4174 0.0213 0.5504 0.16 0.81 0.06
Turbulent loss coefficients

K inlet 0.20 K bend 05 0.00 K bend 10 0.00
K bend 01 0.16 K bend 06 0.00 K valve 0.10
K bend 02 0.13 K bend 07 0.00 K exit 1.00
K bend 03 0.13 K bend 08 0.00 K others
K bend 04 0.16 K bend 09 0.00 K Total 1.71
Hydraulics
Pipe Area A (m2) 0.126 U/S Invert Level (mAOD) 1200.000
Hydraulic Radius R (m) 0.10 D/S Invert Level (mAOD) 1195.000
Velocity V (m/s) 0.88 Is HL tot < HL available OKAY
Relative Roughness ks/d 2.500E-04 Friction Losses hf (m) 0.16
Reynolds Number Re = d V /Vk 307018 Fitting Losses hfit (m) 0.07
Type of Flow Turbulent Trashracks and intake loss (m) 0.02
Friction Factor f 0.0166 Total Head Loss htot individual (m) 0.25
% of H.Loss of individual pipe 5% Ok
Expansion Joints (mm) Coeff of linear expansion /deg C 1.2E-05
EJ number 1 2 2 4 5
dL theoretical 22 43 65 86 108
dL recommended 43 86 130 173 216
dL for expansion 24 48 72 96 120
dL for contraction 19 38 58 77 96
A20: K valves
Sperical 0
Gate 0.1
Butterfly (t/d = 0.2) 0.3

Enter zero for standard UTS or input non standard UTS value.
Type Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) UTS
IS steel 410
Ungraged steel 320
PVC 45
HDPE 27

tmin by ASME
tmin = (2.5*dm+1.2)mm

Tentative temperatures for Nepalese conditins:
Tmax = 40
T min =4 or zero
T installation = 20

K bend=FORECAST(B28,{0.5,0.75,1},{20,45,90}) *Bending Coeff
r/d Bending Coeff
1 0.6
2 0.5
3 0.4
5 0.3
1.5 0.45
At 45deg 0.75 of 90deg and at 20deg 0.5 of 90deg

Pipe area A = d^2*22/28

R = d/4

V = Q/A

Relative roughness = ks/d
ks steel = 0.1 (1 for old)
ks others = 0.01 (.1 for old)

Re =V*d/Vk
Vk of water at 15 deg = 1.14*E-6 m2/s

Re Flow type
<2000 laminar
2000-4000 Transitional
>4000 Turbulent

f Laminar= 64/Re
f non laminar = iteration of a=sqrt(1/f) =
-2*LOG(B84/3.7+2.51/B85*B147)

After installing penstocks from the d/s anchor block, the expansion joints at:
d/s of anchor block #, which is structurally combined with forebay wall.
d/s of all anchor blocks except the lowest one.
d/s of burried to exposed section with a supporting structure
NOT d/s of the lowest anchor block to transfer forces from valves and turbines to the lowest anchor block and NOT to the turbine foundation.

dL th = a*(Tmax-Tmin)*L
dL rec = 2*dL th
dl exp = a*(Tmax-Tinst)*L
dl con = a*(Tinst-Tmin)*L
G11: Entrance no &K losses

1 hooded = 1.0
2 Inward projecting pipe = 0.8
3 Sharp cornered = 0.5
4 Slightly rounded = 0.2
5 Bell mouth = 0.04
G12: Pushpa Chitrakar:

K bend
90 deg &
r/d(K) 1(0.75), 2(0.5), 3(0.3), 5(0.3) 1.5(0.45 Mitred)
45deg 0.75 of 90deg and 20deg 0.5 of 90deg
G17: K bend
90 deg &
r/d(K) 1(0.75), 2(0.5), 3(0.3), 5(0.3) 1.5(0.45 Mitred)

Valve K valve
BUTTERFLY 0.3
GATE 0.1
SPHERICAL 0.0

K exit = 1.0 for exit loss.

K total = sum of all Ks.

D/S invert level = u/s inert level - htot

hf = (f*L*V^2)/(8*9.81*R)

h fit = (K*V^2)/(2*9.81)

h tot = hf+hfit+h trashrack

% h loss = htot/Gross head <=0.05
Setlling Basin Design by Vetter's Equation
Nagmati Dam
Q flood 0.000 Sediment swelling factor S = 1.50

Manning's number M (m1/3/s) 1/n= 50.000 Volume of sediment storage V (m3) = 19.74
Design discharge Qdesign (m3/s) = 0.120 Sediment depth Hs (m) = V/Asi 2.47
Flushing discharge Qflush (m3/s) = 0.012 Inlet approach conveyance Canal/Pipe = Canal
Total discharge Qbasins (m /s) =
3
0.132 1/Bottom slope of SB Sf (1:50 to 1:20) = 50.00
Particles to settle d (mm) = 0.300 Outlet approach conveyance Canal/Pipe = Canal
Trapping efficiency n (%) = 85% Water level at inlet NWL (m) = 1987.00
water temperature t (oC) = 10 h flush below the base slab (L<6m) 2.00
Fall velocity w at 10 deg C (m/s) = 0.035 Number of basins N 1.00
Sediment concentration Cmax (kg/m3) = 6 Spillway crest height above NWL m 0.05
Flushing Frequency FI (hours) = 12 Spillway discharge coeff 1.60
Surface area / basin Asi (m2) 86 % = 8.000 Provided Freeboard h fb1 m 0.30
Basin transit velocity Vt (m/s) = 0.241 Discharge coeff for pipe as orifice (2.76 if L <6 m) 2.76
Bulk Sed density G (kg/m3) = 2600 Drawdown discharge % of design discharge 1.50
Discharge per basin Qbasin (m3/s) = 0.132 Water depth of inlet canal hc1 (m) = 0.40
Max section width for hydraulic flushing B (m) = 1.755 Outlet canal width /canal diameter Bc2 (m) = 0.40
Width used B (m) = 1.500 Water depth of outlet canal hc2 (m) = 0.40
Inlet canal width /canal diameter Bc1 (m) = 0.400 Provided Length of the basin Lact (m)= 0.00
Length of basin L (m) (Idel L = 5.33) = 6.000 Straight outlet transition length at 1:2.5 (m) = 1.38
Aspect ratio (4<=AR<=15) 4.000 Head over outlet weir h overtop (m) = 0.14
Min. water depth Hi (m) = 0.365 Approach inlet velocity vi1 (m/s) = 0.83
X-sectional area / basin Ai (m2) = 0.548 Approach outlet velocity vi2 (m/s) = 0.83
Wetted perimeter / basin Pi (m) = 2.230 1/Energy gradient during operation So = 6619.79
Hydraulic radius Ri (m) = 0.246 d 50 during operation (mm) = 0.41
Normal WL @ basin h b m = 2.833 Depth of water during flushing yfi (m) = #VALUE!
Straight inlet transition length at 1:5 (m) = 2.750 d 50f during flushing (mm) = #VALUE!
Straight approach canal length (m) = 4.000 Length of an Ideal Basin (m) = 6.00
Spilling of excess water

Vertical Flushing pipe
Diameter for flood d1 m = 0.000 Diameter for load rejection (u/s flood bypass) d1 m = 0.25
Spillway
Freeboard m 0.300 Spillway length for Qd (under operation) 1.87
Spillway overtopping height h overtop m 0.125 Spillway length for Qd (load rejection & u/s flood bypass) 1.87
Spillway length for Qf (flood and non operational) 0.000 Spillway length for Qd (d/s obstruction & full hovertop-50) 0.92
Combination of vertical flushing pipe and spillway Flood and non operational (Qf)
Vertical flushing pipe diameter d1 m 0.10 Flood discharge passing through vertical pipe 0.000
No of vertical flushing pipe 1.00 Spillway length for the remaining discharge m 1.00
Spillway length used (m) 1.00
Flood and Under Operation (Qf- Qd) Load Rejection (Qd)

H overtopping 0.00 H overtopping 0.153
Discharge passing through vertical pipe 0.00 Discharge passing through vertical pipe 0.036
Discharge passing over spillway 0.00 Discharge passing over spillway 0.096
Flushing of water and sediment Calculate Gate Rating Curves

Flushing pipe and orifice diameter Gate Relative Discharge
d for incoming flow and draw down m 0.20 Opening Gate Openinig One basin
d for incoming flow only (empty state) m 0.21 Hg Hg/H1 Q
d for incoming flow only (empty state & with y flushing) m #VALUE! 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.033 0.012 0.186
Gate 0.067 0.024 0.368
Buoyance weight of the gate W kgf 300.00 0.100 0.035 0.545
Gate Opening B, (m) 1.00 0.133 0.047 0.719
Gate Opening H (m) 0.50 0.167 0.059 0.890
Submerged area of th gate A m2 0.50 0.200 0.071 1.058
Water surface to cg of submerged area h m 2.58 0.233 0.082 1.223
Coeff of static friction mu 0.90 0.267 0.094 1.387
Lifting force F kgf 1462.14 0.300 0.106 1.549
H. of water (H1) 2.83 0.333 0.118 1.709
0.367 0.129 1.868
0.400 0.141 2.026
0.433 0.153 2.182
0.467 0.165 2.336
0.500 0.177 2.490
Forebay cum settling basin (for one basin only)

Penstock diameter m 0.15
Penstock velocity m/s 1.12
Submergence depth of penstock pipe m 0.10
Height of pipe above the base slab m 0.30
Min. pond depth m 0.55
Effective thickness of penstock mm 4
FS for air vent (5 burried, 10 exposed) 10
Young's modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 200000
Penstock inlet gate (Yes/No) No
Air vent diameter mm Nominal
Gradual Expansion of 1:5 half of Gr expansion
0.400
0.400 1.5 Flushing cone/spillway O
Gradual Expansion 1 in 10 (1:2 for MHP) L =6

Spillway 0.400
0.400 Water depth 0.37
Sediment depth 2.467 Slope 1:50
BLUE cells are mandatory inputs and RED cells are optional inputs.

Discharge coeff is taken as 1.6 because it is sharp crested weir type.
The top level of the pipe is fixed at 0.05m above the normal water to save undesired spilling.

Sluice gate is expensive.
It is rarely used in MHP with P< 50kW.

Total discharge =(Design discharge+flushing)/number of basins

Standard Particle Fall velocity w (m/s) @ 10 deg
size d (mm) (Fig: 2.2, SE p: 25)
0.10 0.006
0.15 0.015
0.20 0.020
0.25 0.030
0.30 0.035
0.40 0.050
0.50 0.067

Surface area / basin =-(Qtotal)/w*LN(1-neff)

v = a sqrt(d), where
a = 0.44 for 0.1<d<1mm
a = 0.36 for d>1mm

Design discharge per basin =(Design discharge+flushing)/number of basins

Bmax =4.83*Qi^0.5

Maximum of
L=FI/B/N &
L =4xB

Aspect ratio should be within 4 to 15.
AR=L/B

Hmin=Qi/B/Vt

Ai =Hmin*B

Pi =2*Hi+B

Ri = Ai/Pi

NWL @ basin=Hs+Hi (sediment + water)

Inlet trasient length is kept at 1:10.
Ltr1 =5*(Bi-Bc1)
For MHP it is 1:5 is recommended.

Straight approach is only needed for canals and is equal to 10*canal width
Lstraight =10*Bc1

Flushing pipe diameter for (sharp weir) flood d1= Qf/N/(1.9*PI()*hflood^1.5
di is limited to 2 numbers of 500mm dia or else an error message is generated. Hflood is taken as FB cal - h crest above NWL.

Freeboard
FB cal > FB provided

Spillway h overtopping =50%*FB-h crest above NWL

Spillway L Qf =Qf/N/Cd/hovertop^1.5

H overtop Qf-Qd =(Qf/N/(1.9*PI()*n1*d1+Cd*L Qf_Qpipe))^(2/3)

Q pipe =1.9*PI()*n1*d1*hovertop^1.5

Qspillway =Cd*Ls*hovertop^1.5

Flushing diameter =(Qflushing%*4*Qi/(PI()*Cd*SQRT(h NWL+h flush)))^0.5
For other section Qflushing%*Qi=Cd*A*SQRT(h NWL+h flush)

flushing diameter empty =(4*Qi/(PI()*Cd*SQRT(h flush)))^0.5
For other section Qi = Cd*A*SQRT(h flush)
Depth of water during flushing yfi may be added to h flush for more accurate resulst. This is considered as a safety factor in this case

A gate = B*H

h cg gate =NWL-Hgate/2

Coeff of static friction (1.5*mu for metal on metal)
Steel on bronze 0.45
Steel on steel 0.60
Wood on metal 1.00
Wood on wood 1.10
Rubber on wood 1.10

Lifting force F =Wgate+1000*mu*A*hcg

h sub = 1.5*V^2/2/g

h pipe = greater of penstock dia of 300mm

If bell mouth is provided, increase the opening as required (bell mouth dia -pipe dia).
d air vent =SQRT(Qtotal*1000*SQRT(FS/E*(dpenstock*1000/te)^3))
Provide moninal (e.g. 25 to 50mm dia) if gate/valve is not provided.
H74: Pushpa Chitrakar:

Enter the gate height H and press the Calculate Gate Rating Curves
I6: Pushpa Chitrakar:

V = Q FI (sec) C max
assuming 100% trap efficiency (conservative side)
V=(Qtotal)*(FI*3600)*Cmax/G/S

The inlet length and straight canal length=5(B-Bc)+10Bc.
The inlet length for pipe does not need the conduit to be straight.
Hence, pipe is recommended if space constraint is a limit.

This length should be more than the spillway length if provided. Input 0 for automatic calculation.

Straight outlet transition is only needed for canals.
Lstraight 2=5*(Bi-Bc2)/2
For MHP 1:2.5 is recommended

Head over outlet weir
h overtop =(Qi/1.65/B)^(2/3)
1.65 is the discharge coeff

Approach inlet velocity
vi1 =Qi/(hc1*Bc1)

Approach outlet velocity
vi2 =Qi/(hc2*Bc2)

1/EGL during operation
1/So =1/(Vt/M/Ri^(2/3))^2

d50 =11*Ri*So*1000

A function that do goal seek =YDEPTH(Qi,M,1/S,B)

d50f =11*(yfi*B/(2*yfi+B))^(2/3)*1/Sb*1000

Length of an Ideal Basin
Maximum of
L=4xB
L=Q/B/w

Flushing pipe diameter for (sharp weir)
load rejection d2= Qi/(1.9*PI()*hflood^1.5
di is limited to 2 numbers of 500mm dia or else an error message is generated. Hflooc is taken as FB cal-.05-h crest avobe NWL

Spillway L Qf-Qd=Abs(Qf/N-Qi)/Cd/hovertop^1.5

Spillway L Qi = Qi/Cd/hovertop^1.5

Spillway L Qf-Qd=Abs(Qf/N-Qi)/Cd/(2*hovertop-.05)^1.5

Qf pipe =n1*d1*1.9*PI()*(FB cal-NWL crest-0.05)^1.5

L spillway with pipe =(Qf/N-Qf pipe)/Cd/h overtop^1.5

h overtop =(Q1/(1.9*PI()*n1*d1+Cd*Ls))^(2/3)-.05

Q d1 =1.9*PI()*n1*d1*hovertop^1.5

Qs =Cd*Ls*hovertop^1.5
J18: Pushpa Chitrakar:

Generally 150% of Qd

Refer to Norwegian Rules and Regulations of Dam Construction.
Q is free flow the gate opening is two third of the water depth behind the gate.
Q otherwise is a pressure flow.
PENSTOCK AND POWER CALCULATIONS
INPUT
General:
Location: Dolakha Economic life (years) 15
Hydraulics:
Diversion flow Qd (m3/s) 0.110 WL @ forebay or U/S Invert Level (m) 1200.00
Flow in each pipe Qi (m3/s) 0.110 % head headloss hlt (m) 5.00%
Gross head (from forebay) Hg (m) 50.00 Cumulative knowm efficiency (g,t,tr,others) 79.38%
Power:
Turbine type (CROSSFLOW/PELTON) Crossflow Valves (Sperical/Gate/Butterfly) 0 0
No of CF units 2 Taper (Yes/No) No
Direct Coupling (Yes/No) Yes Exit (Yes/No) No
Closure time T sec 30 Non standard ult. tensile strength (UTS) N/mm2 0
Number of units 1
Penstock pipe:
Pipe Material (STEEL/HDPE/PVC) Steel Safety factor for lower pipes (0 for default) 3
Welded / Flat rolled if steel Flat rolled Entrance Type 0.2 0.2
Rolled if steel Rolled Entrance with gate and air-vent (Yes/No) No
Type if steel (UNGRAGED/IS) IS Bending radius (r/d) (1/2/3/5/1.5) 0.45 0.45
Burried or exposed Burried Bending angle 05 0
No of pipes 1.00 Bending angle 06 0.00
Bending angle 01(degrees) 20.00 Bending angle 07
Bending angle 02 4.00 Bending angle 08
Penstock diameter d=>d estd, d act (mm) 245 250 Pipe thickness t=>t min, t act (mm) 3.0 5.0
Pipe Length L (m) 100.000
Trashrack
k t b Vo f b Q H
0.00 0.00 6.00 20.00 1.00 60.00 0.00 0.110 3.00
Expansion Joints
Tmax (deg) T installation Tmin 1st Pipe length(m) 2nd Pipe L (m) 3rd Pipe L (m) 4th Pipe L (m) 5th Pipe L (m)
40 20 4 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00
OUTPUT
Trashrack
hf hb H coeff H S B Min Submergence CGL=1.5v^2/2g
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5504 0.16 1.07 0.38
Turbulent loss coefficients K Total 0.82

K inlet 0.20 K bend 05 0.00 K bend 10 0.00
K bend 01 0.24 K bend 06 0.00 K valve 0.00
K bend 02 0.19 K bend 07 0.00 K taper 0.00
K bend 03 0.19 K bend 08 0.00 K exit 0.00
K bend 04 0.24 K bend 09 0.00 K others
Hydraulics
Pipe Area A (m2) 0.049 U/S Invert Level (mAOD) 1200.00
Hydraulic Radius R (m) 0.06 D/S Invert Level (mAOD) 1150.00
Velocity V (m/s) 2.24 Is HLtot < HL available OKAY
Relative Roughness ks/d 4.000E-04 Friction Losses hf (m) 1.74
Reynolds Number Re = d V /Vk 491228 Fitting Losses hfit (m) 0.21
Type of Flow Turbulent Trashracks and intake loss (m) 0.00
Friction Factor f 0.0170 Total Head Loss htot individual (m) 1.95
% of H.Loss of individual pipe 3.9% Ok
Factor of Safety
Young's modulus of elasticity E N/mm2 200000 Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) N/mm2 410
Thickness 5.000 H total for one unit Crossflow(m) 50.38
Diameter (mm) 250.000 t effective (mm) 2.67
Net Head (m) 48.048 Minimum t effictive for negative pressure (mm) 2.08
Wave Velocity a (m/s) 1161.328 Comment on thickness Ok
Critical time Tc (sec) *2 = Closing time T 0.17 Ok Safety Factor (S) 17.36
K if crossflow turbine Kcf 0.00023 Check on Safety Factor Ok
Hsurge for one unit Crossflow(m) 0.383 Air vent diameter d vent (mm) 26.57
Hsurge for instanteneous closure of all unit closure of Crossflow (m) 265.176 H total capacity for recommended factor of safety (m) 291.56
Power
Turbine efficiency as per MGSP 65.00% Electrical Power as per MGSP GL (kW) 26.98
Available shaft power(kW) 33.70 Electrical Power based on Hnet (kW) 25.92
Reqd.'Turbine Capacity (+10%) (kW) 37.07 Power for known cumulative eff (kW) 41.16
Expansion Joints (mm) Coeff of linear expansion /deg C 1.2E-05

EJ number 1 2 2 4 5
dL theoretical 22 43 65 86 108
dL recommended 43 86 130 173 216
dL for expansion 24 48 72 96 120
dL for contraction 19 38 58 77 96
Total # of jets for Pelton units.
# of units for CF.
A24: K bend
90 deg &
r/d(K) 1(0.75), 2(0.5), 3(0.3), 5(0.3) 1.5(0.45 Mitred)

Tentative temperatures for Nepalese conditins:
Tmax = 40
T min =4 or zero
T installation = 20

K bend=FORECAST(B28,{0.5,0.75,1},{20,45,90}) *Bending Coeff
r/d Bending Coeff
1 0.6
2 0.5
3 0.4
5 0.3
1.5 0.45
At 45deg 0.75 of 90deg and at 20deg 0.5 of 90deg

Pipe area A = d^2*22/28

R = d/4

V = Q/A

Relative roughness = ks/d
ks steel = 0.1 (1 for old)
ks others = 0.01 (.1 for old)

Re =V*d/Vk
Vk of water at 15 deg = 1.14*E-6 m2/s

Re Flow type
<2000 laminar
2000-4000 Transitional
>4000 Turbulent

f Laminar= 64/Re
f non laminar = iteration of a=sqrt(1/f) =
-2*LOG(B84/3.7+2.51/B85*B147)

Material E
STEEL 200000
PVC 2750
HDPE 2150

hnet = hgross - h loss

Wave velocity
a =1440/(SQRT(1+(2150*d/E/t)))

Critical time <= Closure time
Tc =2*2*L/a

K crossflow =(L*V/9.81/Hg/T)^2
The effect of having more than one units of CF ?
For Simplycity, Hsurge = Hsurge/no of units.

Hsurge
Hs Pelton =a*V/(9.81*nj)
Hs Crossflow = (K/2+SQRT(K+K^2/4))*Hg)

Hs instanteneous closure of CF is not used for calculations.
Hs inst =a*V/9.81

Turbine efficiency
Pelton = 75%
Crossflow = 65%

Shaft Power
P shaft =Qd*9.81*hnet*neff/1000
P shaft for no direct coupling P shaft *0.95

P reqd turbine =P shaft *1.1

After installing penstocks from the d/s anchor block, the expansion joints at:
d/s of anchor block #, which is structurally combined with forebay wall.
d/s of all anchor blocks except the lowest one.
d/s of burried to exposed section with a supporting structure
NOT d/s of the lowest anchor block to transfer forces from valves and turbines to the lowest anchor block and NOT to the turbine foundation.

dL th = a*(Tmax-Tmin)*L
dL rec = 2*dL th
dl exp = a*(Tmax-Tinst)*L
dl con = a*(Tinst-Tmin)*L
B42: Pushpa Chitrakar:

K total = sum of all Ks.
E28: Pushpa Chitrakar:

tmin by ASME
tmin = (2.5*dm+1.2)mm
G12: K valves
Sperical 0
Gate 0.1
Butterfly (t/d = 0.2) 0.3
Enter zero for standard UTS or input non standard UTS value.
Type Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)
IS steel 410
Ungraged steel 320
PVC 45
HDPE 27
G19: Entrance no &K losses

1 hooded = 1.0
2 Inward projecting pipe = 0.8
3 Sharp cornered = 0.5
4 Slightly rounded = 0.2
5 Bell mouth = 0.04

If a gate and air-vent are provided in the beginning of the penstock,
1. the minimum thickness for negative pressure has to be considered
2. The air-vent diameter has to be considered to kill the negative pressure or else the nominal air-vent diameter to release air bubbles has to be considered.

K bend
90 deg &
r/d(K) 1(0.75), 2(0.5), 3(0.3), 5(0.3) 1.5(0.45 Mitred)

Valve K valve
BUTTERFLY 0.3
GATE 0.1
SPHERICAL 0.0

K taper = 0.06 if taper

K exit = 1.0 for exit loss.

D/S invert level = u/s inert level - htot

hf = (f*L*V^2)/(8*9.81*R)

h fit = (K*V^2)/(2*9.81)

h tot = hf+hfit+h trashrack

% h loss = htot/Gross head <=0.05

Type Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)
IS steel 410
Ungraged steel 320
PVC 45
HDPE 27

Htotal =Hs+Hg

t effective for rolled welded steel = t/1.32-Life/10
t effective for welded steel = t/1.1-Life/10
t effective for steel = t/1.2-Life/10
t effective for others = t

te min for -ve pressure & burrid = d*(2*0.1/2/E)^0.33
te min for -ve pressure & open = d*(4*0.1/2/E)^0.33)

Check of minimum thickness is applicable only if a gate and an air ve-vent pipe are considered.
te provided > te min for -ve pr

Factor of Safety
S =200*te*UTS/Htotal/d
S HDPE >=1.5
S others >=3.5

Nominal air-vent dia (50mm) if a gate in the beginning is not provided.
d air vent =SQRT(Qi*SQRT(10/E*(d/te)^3))

P ESAP =Qd*9.81*Hg/1000*0.5

P for hnet Pelton =Qd*9.81*hnet/1000*0.6
P for hnet Crossflow =Qd*9.81*hnet/1000*0.5
Turbine Selection
Nagmati Dam
Input
Discharge (l/s) 3360 Gear ratio at turbine 1
Gross head (m) 53 Gear ratio at generator 2
Hydraulic losses 0% No of turbines/generators 1
Max turbine output kW 96 Total number of jets if Pelton n 2
Turbine rpm 600
Output
Net head m 53.000 Generator with gearing rpm 1200
No Gearing With Gearing

Sp speed of runner rpm (no gearing) 49 Sp speed of turbine 24
Pelton (12-30) => (Ns 17-42) ** Pelton (12-30) => (Ns 17-42) Pelton
Turgo (Ns 20-70) => (Ns 28-99) Turgo Turgo (Ns 20-70) => (Ns 28-99) **
Crossflow (Ns 20-80) Crossflow Crossflow (Ns 20-80) Crossflow
Fracis (Ns 80-400) ** Fracis (Ns 80-400) **
Propeller or Kaplan (Ns 340-1000) ** Propeller or Kaplan (Ns 340-1000) **
Sp Speed (no gear)=rpm*SQRT(1.4*P kW/N tur)/Hn^(5/4)

Pelton=IF(OR(Sp<12*SQRT(nj),Sp>30*SQRT(nj)))

Sp Speed (gear)=Sp Speed (no gear)* Gear at Turbine/Gear at Generator
Selection of Electrical Equipment
Name of the Project: Nagmati Dam
INPUT
Discharge (m3/s) 0.04 Power factor 0.8
Gross head (m) 52.5 Safety factor of generator 1.3
Overall plant efficiency (%) 50% Phase 3 3
Temperature (oC) 40 Type of Generator 2 2
Altitude (m) 1500 Over rating factor of MCCB 1.25
ELC correction factor 0.83 Over rating factor of cable 1.7
OUTPUT
Pe Electrical output (active power) (kW) 10.30
Generator
Temp.factor 0.99 Altitude factor 0.96
Capacity (kW) 14.08 Actual available capacity (kW) 15.00
IGC capacity (kW) 10.30 Ballast capacity 1.2*Pe (kW) 12.36
Rated Voltage (V) 380 Rated Current (A) 28.49
Rating of MCCB (A) 19.56 Calculated size of MCCB (A) 24.45
Cable
Rating (A) 48.43 Size of 4-core cupper armoured cables 10
overall plant efficiency = 50%

ELC correction factor of 0.83

As per MGSP
Pe = 9.81*n*Q*Hg

Generator Capacity = 1.3*Pe/(pf*Tf*Af*ELCf)

Synchronous 230V if single phase, 400V if 3-phase
Induction 220V if single phase, 380V if 3-phase

MCCB Rating
1-phase: Pe/(V*pf)
3-phase: Pe/(V*1.732*pf)

Cable rating = OR factor * Rated current

1 for only resistive lighting bulbs (no CPL), 0.8 otherwise

30% oversized

Selection of Generator
Size of scheme Type of generator Phase
Up to 10kW Both Single/Three
10 - 25kW Both Three
>25kW Sychronous Three

25% oversized as per ESAP guidelines

70% over rated as per ESAP guidelines

If the information on the capacity can be obtained from the manufacturers, enter the actual capacity or else input 0.
In case of induction generators, the electrical output power when generating should not exceed the electrical input power when motoring so that the
windings are used to their full capacity but without being overloaded (Gpe =< Mpe).

20% more than the installed capacity

In case of ELC-Extension:
40% is taken as the fixed load.
60% is taken as the ballest load.

25% oversized
Transmission and Distribution System:
Total length of cables (km) #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Name of the project: Nagmati Dam Length of neutral cables (km) 1
Cost of cables(Rs.) #VALUE!
Reach Remarks "

Power at
Reach Length Phase prev. node ACSR " or Current ACSR Resistance Reactance Impedence Voltage Volt at node
Node name name (km) 1,3 (kW) code repeated Rated Voltage (V) (A) type Ohm/km Ohm/km Ohm/km drop (V) branch (V) % voltag drop Squirrel Gopher Weasel Rabbiit Otter Dog
Branch AX2 3 400 400 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
A B AB 5 3 10 6 400 18.0 Dog 0.2745 0.2500 0.3713 58.0 342.0 14.5 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
B X1 BX1 0.515 3 5 2 400 10.6 Gopher 1.098 0.2940 1.1367 10.7 331.3 17.2 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
X1 X2 X1X2 0.73 1 2.5 3 230 16.3 Weasel 0.9116 0.2880 0.9560 22.8 168.5 26.7 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Branch AD 3 400 400 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
A C AC 0.65 1 7.5 6 230 40.6 Dog 0.2745 0.2500 0.3713 19.6 211.3 8.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
C D CD 0.375 1 3 5 230 17.7 Otter 0.3434 0.2570 0.4289 5.7 205.6 10.6 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Branch AF 3 400 400 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
A C AC 0.65 3 7.5 6 repeated 400 13.5 Dog 0.2745 0.2500 0.3713 5.7 394.3 1.4 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
C E CE 0.205 1 2.5 1 230 13.7 Squirrel 1.347 0.3013 1.3803 7.8 219.9 4.4 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
E F EF 0.215 1 2 1 230 11.4 Squirrel 1.347 0.3013 1.3803 6.7 213.2 7.3 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Branch AI 3 400 400 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
A G AG 0.25 1 1.5 1 230 8.1 Squirrel 1.347 0.3013 1.3803 5.6 225.3 2.0 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
G H GH 0.275 1 0.8 1 230 4.4 Squirrel 1.347 0.3013 1.3803 3.4 221.9 3.5 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
H I HI 0.135 1 0.8 1 230 4.5 Squirrel 1.347 0.3013 1.3803 1.7 220.2 4.3 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Basic Assumptions:
1. Inductance effect is neglected as the load is assumed as resistive.
2. Balanced load is considered in case of 3-phase, i.e., neutral wire carries no current.

ACSR
Codes Type Resistance/km
1 Squirrel 1.347
2 Gopher 1.098
3 Weasel 0.9116
4 Rabbit 0.5449
5 Otter 0.3434
6 Dog 0.2745

Phase Rated voltage
3-phase 400
1-phase 400/1.732

Phase Current (A)
3-phase Power*1000/(1.732*V)
1-phase Power*1000/V
Power factor of 0.8 is considered.
N6: Pushpa Chitrakar:

Impedence = Sqrt(Resistance^2+Reactance^2)
O4: Pushpa Chitrakar:

Add the respective cable lengths of neutral cable in 3-phase system
O6: Pushpa Chitrakar:

Phase Voltage drop
3-phase 1.732*I*Z*L
1-phase 2*I*Z*L
P6: Pushpa Chitrakar:

Phase Vi
1-1 or 3-3 Vprev - dV
3-1 Vprev/1.732 - dV
Q6: Pushpa Chitrakar:

Increase the ACSR code by 1 if voltage drop exceeds 10%.
LOADS AND BENEFITS
INPUT
General
Power Output (kW) 96.1 Domestic lighting
Name of the Source Gadi Gad Khola Average subscription/household (W/HH) 80
Location Ladagada VDC, Doti System loss 10%
Beneficiary HH (nos.) 1035 time 0 5 8 18 20
Plant's operating days 330 load 91.08 0 0 91.08 0
Loads (kWh or W/m) Operating dTariff (Rs) Probable Business Load Expected after 3 years
Domestic 330 1 OperatingTariff (Rs) Load From ( To (hr)
Agro-processing 330 6 Metal Workshop 330 6.00 10 12 16
Bakery 320 6.00 Photo studio 320 6.00 1 8 20
Saw Mill 300 5.00 Dairy Processing 320 6.00 8 8 18
Herbs Processing 180 5.50 Cold store 310 6.00 6 8 18
load 5 330 load 5
load 6 330 load 6
Proposed end uses and operting hours

time (hr) 0 4 12 16 22
Agro-processing 0 0 22.5 0 0
time (hr) 0 8 14 18 22
Bakery 0 9 0 0 0
time (hr) 0 3 16 18 22
Saw Mill 0 0 10 0 0
time (hr) 0 3 12 17 22
Herbs Processing 0 0 25 0 0
time (hr) 0 6 8 15 22
load 5 15 0 0 0 0
time (hr) 0 3 5 10 22
load 6 12 0 0 0 0
OUTPUT
Summary
Annual Available kWh 761112
First 3 years After 3 years
Yearly load (kWh) 117060 147680
Productive end use load factor (%) 15.38 19.40
Annual total (domestic + end uses) Income (Rs) 1,429,230 1,612,950
End Use Load Operation Period Yearly Load Annual Income

(kW) Hours/day Days/year kWh LF (%) (Rs)
Domestic Lighting 91.08 7 330 210394.8 27.64 993,600
Existing/Committed Business Load
Agro-processing 22.5 4 330 29700 3.90 178200
Bakery 9 6 320 17280 2.27 103680
Saw Mill 10 2 300 6000 0.79 30000
Herbs Processing 25 5 180 22500 2.96 123750
load 5 15 6 330 29700 3.90 0
load 6 12 3 330 11880 1.56 0
Total 117060 15.38 435,630
Total Annual Income from sales of electricity 1,429,230
Probable Business Load after 3 years

Metal Workshop 10 4 330 13200 1.73 79200
Photo studio 1 12 320 3840 0.50 23040
Dairy Processing 8 10 320 25600 3.36 153600
Cold store 6 10 310 18600 2.44 111600
load 5 0 0 0 0 0.00 0
load 6 0 0 0 0 0.00 0
Total additional annual income after 3 years 61240 8.05 183,720
Productive End Use (%) 19.40
Load Duration Chart for the first three years of operation

Installed Capacity (kW)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
140 100
90
120
80
Load (kW)
100 70
60
80
50
60
40
40 30
20
20
10
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
load 6 load 5 Herbs Processing
Time (hrs) Saw Mill Bakery
Agro-processing Domestic Installed Capacity
Domestic lighting tariff (Rs/W/month)

Time 0 5 and
Load 92 means
the load of 92 kW from 0:00 (mid-night) to 5:00am

*100% of Commtted load & 50% of probable business load has been considered

Only 50% of the income is considered
Project Costing and Financial Analyses
INPUT
Total Project Cost (Rs.) 14,072,912
91,000 Subsidy/kW Total subsidy Bank loan Other loan Cash equity Kind equity Others
91,000 8745100 0 5,327,812 0
Interest rate (%)
Payback period (yr)
Plant life (yr) 15
Discount Rate (%) 4%
Investment Cost (Rs) 12,054,811

Mechanical components 1,009,560 Installation 457,900
Electrical component 3,758,650 Commissioning 80,000
Civil component 4,071,567 VAT 1,004,567
Spare parts & tools 5,000 Contingencies 1,004,567
Transport. 663,000 Others
Annual Operating Cost (Rs) 378,000

Salary Spares Maintenance Office expenses Miscellaneous Others
114,000 20000 150,000 24,000 70,000
Summary
Project cost (Rs) 14,072,912
Annual Operation, Maintenance and other Costs (Rs) 378,000
Annual Income without probable business loads (Rs) 1429230
Annual Income with probable business loads (Rs) 1612950
Annual installment for Bank loan NA
Annual installment for other loan NA
NPV without probable business load (Rs)+ve 6,115,548
NPV with probable business load (Rs)+ve 7,589,424
Cost/Kw =>>Ok 146,440
Subsidy/HH 8,449
Cash Flows
Year =>> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Annual income without probable business loads 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230 1429230
Annual income with probable business loads 1429230 1429230 1429230 1612950 1612950 1612950 1612950 1612950 1612950 1612950 1612950 1612950 1612950 1612950 1612950
Total Equity 5327812
Annual O & M costs 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000 378,000
Loan repayment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash flow without probable business load -5327812 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230 1051230
Cash flow with probable business load -5327812 1051230 1051230 1051230 1234950 1234950 1234950 1234950 1234950 1234950 1234950 1234950 1234950 1234950 1234950 1234950
Calculators
Design Discharge (l/s): 200.000

1/Mannings Coeff (M): 64.0000
1/Canal Slope (S): 60
Width of Canal (B-m): 0.500
Uniform Depth (Y-m) #VALUE!
Loan amount: 1,800,000

Interest rate (APR): 6.00%
Monthly payments and No 12
Monthly Payment $154,919.57
Discharge (l/s): 160

Cumulative efficiency(n%) 65.00%
Head (H-m) 27.50
Actual Power (Pact-kW) 28.06
Power MGSP-ESAP (Pe-kW) 21.58

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HYDROLOGICAL CALCULATIONS FOR UNGAUGED MHP RIVERS

Project: Nagmati Dam

Month Discharge (l/s) Return Period (yrs) Flood Discharge (m3/s)

Long Term Average Annual Hydrograph of Nagmati river, Nagmati Dam

Q design =100 l/s with 11-month exceedence

A2: Pushpa Chitrakar:

A6: Pushpa Chitrakar:

A9: Pushpa Chitrakar:

A11: Pushpa Chitrakar:

D26: Pushpa Chitrakar:

D27: Pushpa Chitrakar:

D30: Pushpa Chitrakar:

F26: Pushpa Chitrakar:

Design Coarse Trashrack

Compacted earth/200mm stone soling

Trashrack calculations Broad; sharp edges

Orifice Calculations for (B = 2H or provided) rectangular canal downstream of orifice

A2: Pushpa Chitrakar:

A28: Pushpa Chitrakar:

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D56: Pushpa Chitrakar:

A27: Critical Depth

A31: Pushpa Chitrakar:

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