TENSE POSITIVE  NEGATIVE  QUESTION  ?

 USE &
EXAMPLES
I I I  Present actions: He looks
PRESENT YOU st
verb 1 form YOU do not Do YOU tired.
SIMPLE  Habitual actions:
HE HE HE
I usually go to the sea.
usually, generally,
SHE st
V1 +S SHE does not + V 1st Does SHE V 1st ?  Repeated actions: He is
often, sometimes, IT IT IT always late.
always, never, every WE WE WE  Natural truths: Water
day, every week
(month, year…) YOU st
V 1 form YOU do not Do YOU boils at 100ºC
THEY THEY THEY
PRESENT I am I am not Am I  Actions at the moment of
speaking: He is having
CONTINUOUS YOU are YOU are not Are YOU
lunch at the moment
HE HE HE
now, at this moment,  Actions that happen at
at the moment of
SHE is V 1 + ing SHE
st
is not V 1st + ing Is SHE V 1st + ing? this time but not
speaking, Look! IT IT IT necessarily at the
Listen! (when it WE WE WE moment of speaking: He
annoys the speaker:
always, continually, YOU are YOU are not Are YOU is working hard this
constantly, for ever) THEY THEY THEY term.
PRESENT I I I  Result of a past action: I
YOU have YOU have not Have YOU have closed the door.
PERFECT
(now it is closed)
HE HE HE
for, since, in or during  An experience in life:
the last or past
SHE has V 3 (irreg) SHE
rd
has not V 3rd(irreg) Has SHE V 3rd(irreg)? I’ve never been in jail.
hour…, yet, IT V+ed (reg) IT V+ed (reg) IT V+ed (reg)?  An act. begun in the past
so far, up to now, WE WE WE & continued into the
already, not yet ,
early, late, recently, YOU have YOU have not Have YOU present: I have waited for
lately. THEY THEY THEY you for one hour.
I I I  Expresses the same kind
PRESENT YOU have YOU haven’t Have YOU of meaning as the present
perfect, though the action
PERFECT HE HE been+ HE
is very often still
CONTINUOUS SHE has been V 1 +ing SHE
st
hasn’t +V 1 + ing Has SHE
st
been V 1st +ing? happening. The tense
IT IT IT emphasizes the length of
how long? since
when? for, since, time WE WE WE time: I’ve been living in
indicators used with Chisinau for 10 years.
 Present Perfect. YOU have YOU haven’t Have YOU ( I am still living here)
THEY THEY THEY
TENSE POSITIVE  NEGATIVE  QUESTION  ?  USE &
EXAMPLES
I I I  An action completed at
some point in the past: I
PAST SIMPLE YOU YOU YOU
wrote a book last year.
HE HE HE
yesterday, last week SHE + V 2nd (irregular) SHE did not + V 1st Did SHE V 1st ?
(year, night, Monday,
January), two days IT + Ved (regular) IT (regular & irreg.) IT (reg. & irreg.)
ago, a year ago..., in WE WE WE
2002. YOU YOU YOU
THEY THEY THEY
I was I was not Was I  An action going on at a
PAST YOU were YOU were not Were YOU given past moment: I
was watching TV when
CONTINUOUS HE HE HE
you called me.
SHE was V 1st +ing SHE was not V 1st +ing Was SHE V 1st +ing?  An action going on for a
when, while, during,
time indicators used IT IT IT period of time in the past:
with Past Simple WE WE WE It was raining all day
YOU were YOU were not Were YOU yesterday.
THEY THEY THEY
I I I  A past action that took
PAST place before another past
YOU YOU YOU
PERFECT action: I had done my
HE HE HE
homework before my
for/since, when, how
SHE had + V 3rd (irreg.) SHE had not + V 3rd (irreg.) Had SHE + V 3rd (irreg.) mother came home
long, by … o’clock, IT had + Ved (reg) IT had not + Ved (reg) IT + Ved (reg.)?  A past action that took
by summer, by that WE WE WE place before another past
time, after, before
YOU YOU YOU moment: Everything had
THEY THEY THEY been prepared by 5 o’clo
PAST I I I  An action that began
PERFECT YOU YOU YOU before a given moment or
action in the past &
CONTINUOUS HE HE HE
after, before
continued into the past
SHE had been V 1st +ing SHE hadn’t been V 1st + ing Had SHE been V 1st+ing? moment or came close up
for/since, when, how
 IT IT IT that past moment or
long, by that time WE WE WE action: By that time she
had been teaching us for
YOU YOU YOU
three years.
THEY THEY THEY
TENSE POSITIVE  NEGATIVE  QUESTION  ?  USE &
EXAMPLES
I (shall) I (shall not) (shall) I  A future action: We shall
FUTURE speak with him tomorrow
YOU YOU YOU
SIMPLE  Is used to express the
HE HE HE
speaker’s opinions about
tomorrow, the day SHE will + V 1st SHE will not+ V 1st Will SHE + V 1st ? the future: I think it will
after tomorrow,
tomorrow morning/
IT IT IT snow tomorrow.
afternoon/evening, WE (shall) WE(shall not) (shall) WE  Is used to express
next week/month, YOU YOU YOU universal truths: A flower
soon will die without water.
THEY THEY THEY
I (shall be) I (shall not be) (shall) I  Action going on at a
YOU YOU YOU given future moment:
FUTURE What will you be doing
CONTINUOUS HE HE HE
at this time tomorrow?
SHE will be + SHE will not be+ Will SHE be+V 1st + ing  An action going on for a
This time tomorrow, IT
when, all evening,
+ V 1st + ing IT + V 1st +ing IT period of time in the
time indicators used WE(shall be) WE(shall not be) (shall) WE future: I shall be
with Future Simple YOU YOU YOU watching TV all evening.
THEY THEY THEY
I (shall have) I (shall not have) (shall) I  An action already
completed at a given future
YOU will have + YOU will not have + YOU have +
moment: You will have
FUTURE HE + V 3rd (irr) HE + V 3rd (irr) HE +V 3rd (irr)? heard the results by then.
PERFECT SHE SHE Will SHE  An action began before a
IT will have + IT will not have + IT have + given future moment & still
by this time, by then, going on at that future
when, for…, by… WE (shall have) +V+ed (reg) WE (shall not have) +V+ ed (reg) (shall) WE +V+ed (reg) moment: By the first of July
YOU YOU YOU we shall have been here for
THEY THEY THEY a year.
FUTURE I (shall have been) I (shall not have been) (shall) I  An action begun before a
PERFECT YOU YOU YOU given future moment &
HE HE will not+ HE continued up to or into
 SHE will have been SHE have been+ Will SHE have been+ that future moment. It
IT + V 1st + ing IT +V 1st + ing IT + V 1st + ing? stresses the continuity of
CONTINUOUS WE(shall have been) WE(shall not have been) (shall) WE the action: By then they
by…, for…
YOU YOU YOU will have been staying
THEY THEY THEY here for a month.