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Family Vibrionaceae:: I. Vibrio SPP
Family Vibrionaceae:: I. Vibrio SPP
Family Vibrionaceae:
I. Vibrio spp.
General Characteristics:
Virulence Factors:
Microscopic morphology:
Colony morphology:
Culture Media:
SBA (Sheep Blood Agar)
Chocolate agar - large colonies that appear smooth, opaque and iridescent with greenish hue.
Mac -Conkey agar - pathogenic vibrios usually grow as nonlactose fermenters
Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts sucrose agar (TCBS) - Selective and differential. Differentiates sucrose-fermenting
species (yellow colonies) from nonsucrose-fermenting species (green colonies)
Biochemical Tests:
Pathogenesis:
1) Vibrio cholera - Patients with infection experience a “rice water” stool sample. May experience:
Dehydration
Hypovolemic shock
Metablic acidosis
Rapid fluid & electrolyte loss
Death
2)V. parhaemolyticus
Primary septicemia
Wound infection
Virulence Factors:
Endotoxin production
Beta-hemolytic
Cholera-like enterotoxin production
Large plasmid for invasion
Colony Morphology
Pathogenesis:
1) Plesiomonas Intestinal
Gastroenteris
Watery secretory diarrhea
Colitis
2) Plesiomonas Extraintestinal
Family Campylobacteraceae:
I. Campylobacter spp.
General Characteristics:
Virulence Factors:
Motility and Adhesion - One of the most important aspects of virulences in Campylobacter is its nature of
interaction with intestinal cell lines
Flagellum (protein: flagellin)
Chemotaxis - important for intestinal colonization
Toxin production : Enterotoxins and Cytotoxins
Colony Morphology:
Moist or ‘runny-looking’
Spreading
Usually non-hemolytic
Some are round and raised others are flat
Tend to be colorless or gray
Some produce tan or slightly pink coloration
Does not ferment carbohydrates
As moisture decreases colonies may form round convex glistening colonies with minimal spreading
*Campylobacter mucosalis and Campylobacter hyointestinalis can produce a dirty yellow pigment
Microscopic morphology:
Curved
Non-spore forming
Gram negative rods
0.2-0.9 µm x 0.5-5.0 µm
Single polar flagellum
Enteric campylobacter
as long as spirals
S-shape
Seagull-wing
Microarophilic (<5%)
Culture Media:
C. jejuni V - - - V + - - - + +
subsp.
doylei
C. coli + + - V - + - - + + -
C. lari + + - - - - - - + - -
C. fetus + + - - - - - + - - +
C. + + - + - - - + + - +
hyointestinalis
C. upsaliensis - + - - - + - - + + +
C. concisus - + - V - - - - + - -
C. curvus - + - V V V - - + + ND
C. rectus V + - - V V - - W + ND
Pathogenesis:
Abdominal pain
Cramps
Bloody diarrhea
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Guillain-Barré syndrome – associated with infection; due to cross reaction with nerve cells in an
autoimmune response. Weakness of lower limbs progress in ascending manner.
1) Helicobacter pylori – recognized by immune system but Ab produced are not protective.
Gastric infection
Low-grade inflammatory process
Chronic superficial gastritits
Type B gastritis – stomach lining inflammed
Associated with gastric carcinoma
Family Aeromonadaceae
I. Aeromonas spp.
All are Oxidase positive Motile
Glucose fermenters Gram (-) straight rods,
Habitat are aquatic environments Single polar flagellum
Gram negative bacilli 1.0-3.5μm x 0.3-1.0μm
Grow well on MacConkey agar asporogenous
Facultative anaerobe
Virulence Factors:
Endotoxin production
Enterotoxin production
Vero cell cytotoxin
Hemolysin
Cytotoxic toxin
Colony morphology:
A. butzleri -W + - - - + + + V V -
H. pylori + V + - - - - - V - +
H. + - - - - + - - - + +
fennelliae
H. cinaedi + + - - - V - - - + +
Pathogenesis:
Most are self limiting but in the extremes of age and immunocompromised it is advisable to take meds.
Septiciemia
Meningitis
Wound infection
Some sp. are invasive to liver, GI tract, respiratory tract and billiary ducts.