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The Importance of Entrepreneurship Education For University Students: A Meta Analysis
The Importance of Entrepreneurship Education For University Students: A Meta Analysis
The Importance of Entrepreneurship Education For University Students: A Meta Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Entrepreneurship serves as a catalyst for economic growth and can provide employment
opportunities to the country. The Ministry of Education (MOE) introduced the
Entrepreneurship Development Policy Institutions of Higher Learning. This policy was
implemented as a measure to promote and strengthen the development of quality human
capital having thoughts, attributes and values of entrepreneurship (Armanurah Mohamad et
al. 2014).
This meta analysis aims to study the pattern of study on the importance of entrepreneurship
education applied in universities. Therefore, this study focused on two questions:
2. What are the similarities and differences as well as the essence of all study
findings?
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Articles were chosen systematically through databases (a) GoogleScholar; (B) ScienceDirect;
and (c) MyJurnal. The keywords used in the search are in entrepreneurship and Education.
For the purpose of obtaining the latest study, the search is restricted between 2006 and 2015.
This situation was to ensure focus and findings are still relevant to be used as a reference
(Cronin, Ryan & Coughlan, 2008). A total of 10 studies were selected for analysis based on
additional criteria which discusses the importance of entrepreneurship education in reducing
the unemployment rate among graduates from public and private institutions. Next, the
objectives, design, data analysis, findings and focus of each study will be analyzed to meet
the requirements of the study. Table 1 describes the formulation with respect to the studies
that have been selected.
(i) Methodology
Overall, from the meta-analysis in Table 1, the three designs are divided into
three, namely descriptive study design, study design review, and interview study
design. Most studies use descriptive study design where questionnaires are used as
the main instrument for data collection because it is able to provide accurate
information (Wiersma & Jurs, 2005). Moreover, collecting data through
questionnaire is an efficient method. The advantage of using this method is the
difficulty in contacting the respondent low cost, able to cover a large area and
sufficient time for the respondent to think before answering questions (Copper &
Schindler, 2003).
In addition, the interview method was used only for the purpose of getting
further feedback or a more detailed explanation of the phenomenon identified in a
number of findings obtained through a quantitative approach. Although the study
design suggested by Creswell and Clark (2007), which is sequential explanatory
mixed sequential methods, the use of interviews in the study serves a different
purpose. Hence, the emphasis on the interview method is not as powerful as the
interview method used in the actual qualitative study.
In addition, the study design that uses survey to obtain feedback from
respondents to identify factors trends is done among entrepreneurship students.
The survey method is used to retrieve data or information within a certain period,
usually a questionnaire. Researchers review the situation in a particular time and
reflect the current situation.
Overall, the study found mostly just focused on the factors, trends,
involvement, character, perception and level of entrepreneurial behavior rather
than assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education achievement, attitude and
perception. Therefore, the study on the impact of entrepreneurship education for
graduates should be increased to give a true picture.
According to Figure 1, it was found to be 50% of the entire study (Abstract
Warman et. Al, 2010; Mohd Hafeez Al-Amin bin Abdul Wahab, 2013; Mohd
Shahrir bin Abdullah, 2015; Norfadhilah Nasharudin & Halimah Aaron, 2010;
Nooraini Othman & Butterfly siti binti Misman 2010) used a survey method and
40% of the study (Hanim binti Sulaiman et. al .; Armanurah Mohamad et. al.
2014; Salmianti Muttalib, 2013; Siti Syuhada Abd Rahman et. al 2015) used
descriptive methods which focused on quantitative research. The rest (10%) used
the results of the combined qualitative and quantitative data study analysis
(Norasmah Othman et. Al. 2012).
10%
50%
40%
(ii) The similarities and differences of the essence and the findings for selected studies
With reference to meta-analysis in table 1, each study is divided into two constructs
based on the essence or issue that would like to be addressed. A total of eight studies are
classified into: the importance of entrepreneurship and two are entrepreneurial skills.
2 Tendency
Factors
Identify
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this paper has shown a pattern of recent research relating to the
importance of entrepreneurship education among University students. The design of the
survey, descriptive studies and interviews were used in the studies. In addition, the analysis
of quantitative data based on the choice of the majority of researchers, followed by
qualitative and quantitative and qualitative combinations were used. Subsequently, it was
discovered the essence of studies is divided into two, namely, the importance of education for
entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills for students of the University.
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