(Allender, Rector, & Warner, 2014)

by
T. A. Erjinyuare Amigo
Community-Family-Gerontological Nursing Department
PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN PERAWAT & PROFESI NERS
UNIV. RESPATI YOGYAKARTA (UNRIYO)
 POWER
Definisi
the ability to act or produce an effect, possession of
control, or authority or influence over others
 Nurses have a commitment to social justice and working
with disadvantaged communities.

This means that:

 The nurses have a responsibility to ensure community
participation in issues affecting them,
 The nurses must continually examine the relationship
and position they hold within these communities
Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom
 EMPOWERMENT
Definisi
 has been used to explain a process of assisting
communities to come together to express their values
and ideas to those outside the community
 an active, internal process of growth

 Empowerment comes up when outside forces are

behaving in a way that the community considers
detrimental to its wellbeing
 Client empowerment is a vital role of PHNs

Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom

 EMPOWERMENT
 The various definitions of empowerment and the
expansion of the definition of health, which now
includes the social, political, and economic
determinants of health, have changed our
thinking on how best to interact with the
communities we serve.
 Theorists have suggested that if power is the
ability to control, predict, and participate in one’s
environment, then empowerment is the process
whereby individuals and communities take
power and transform their lives
Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom
 EMPOWERMENT
 Menunjukkan perubahan hubungan antara para
profesional (perawat) dan komunitas
 Which community health nursing
activities/actions are most effective in promoting
empowerment among their vulnerable clients?

Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom

 In Falk-Raphael’s (2001) wellknown
qualitative study of PHNs and their
clients, several themes were noted:
 Having a client-centered approach
 Developing a trusting relationship
 Employing advocacy
 Being a teacher and role model
 Capacity building

Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom

 Having a client-centered approach
 Having a client-centered approach, denoted by
flexibility in dealing with clients, for example, “meeting
them where they are”; “communicating at their level”;
and “backing off and following client’s agenda”

Developing a trusting relationship

 Developing a trusting relationship based on mutual
respect and dignity, for example, clients as active
partners with the PHN assuming more or less
responsibility as needed; being empathetic,
nonjudgmental, and “creating a safe environment”
Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom
 Employing advocacy
 Employing advocacy, both at an individual level as
well as political advocacy, for example, using their
role and power as a professional to cut through
bureaucratic red tape, connecting clients with available
community resources, supporting clients in
reaching their health goals, making their expertise
available, and being a client resource as someone
who is open and “available”

Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom

 Being a teacher and role model

 Being a teacher and role model, using a variety

of strategies and providing opportunities for
clients to safely practice new skills, for example,
teaching classes, providing individual coaching,
providing positive reinforcement and support,
demonstrating skills such as assertiveness and
community action/participation

Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom

 Capacity building

 Capacity building through encouraging and

supporting of clients’ work toward attaining
health goals, for example, “reflective listening
and an empathetic approach” focusing on
strengths, not limitations; facilitating client “self-
exploration” and providing encouragement for
them to “act on their choices” while being
“realistic about barriers to success”; or having
expectations for client accountability regarding
their decisions and actions
Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom
 EMPOWERMENT
 Power and empowerment are important
concepts to both public health nursing and
politics, and political action and advocacy skills
should be honed by every community health
nurse.
 Community development theory is the
foundation that supports citizen empowerment
and use of key players in the community to plan
for the health and safety of that community.

Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom

 EMPOWERMENT
 Empowerment of family members is significant for
clients. People who are empowered can help
themselves for a lifetime and can make
independent decisions about their own health.
 Outcomes of empowerment for clients included
increased self-esteem and confidence, improved
self-efficacy, and the ability to “reframe situations in
a positive way”
 Empowerment strategies with individual clients can
help them to meet their full potential, while also
providing empowerment to the nurses working with
them
Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom
 REFERENSI
Allender, J. A., Rector, C., & Warner, K. D. (2014). Community Health Nursing:
Promoting & Protecting the Public's Health (8 ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Blois, K. K., Hayes, J. S., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2006). Praktik Keperawatam
Profesional: Konsep & Perspektif. Jakarta: EGC.
Ervin, N. E. (2002). Advanced Community Health Nursing Practice: Population -
Focused Care. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Gillies, D. A. (1994). Nursing Management: A System Approach Philadelphia: W.B
Saunders Company.
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2006). Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan
Republik Indonesia Nomor 279/Menkes/SK/IV/2006 Tentang Pedoman
Penyelenggaraan Upaya Keperawatan Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Puskesmas.
Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Indonesia Republik Indonesia.
Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2012). Leadership Roles and Management
Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer
Health and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Swanburg, R. C. (2000). Pengantar Kepemimpinan & Manajemen Keperawatan
Untuk Perawat Klinis. Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC.

Ns. Erjin, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom

 by
T. A. Erjinyuare Amigo
Community-Family-Gerontological Nursing Department
PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN PERAWAT & PROFESI NERS
UNIV. RESPATI YOGYAKARTA (UNRIYO)