Trade potential of different sector of Iran market for Brazilian

exporters

Mehdi Moradi
Mehdi.moradi.cl@gmail.com

Iran stands in 34th rank among the importer countries for Brazilian goods. Total exports from
Brazil to Iran amounted to almost US$ 1,666,185,000 USD (1.5 Billion) in 2015 and decreased
annually by 10% between 2011 and 2015 and increased 16% 2014-2015. Iran’s imports totaled
more than US$ 44,553,313,000 (44 billion) in 2015, with an decreased annual growth rate of 5%
between 2011 and 2015. Brazil’s exports totaled almost US$ 191,126,886,000 in (191 billion)
2015 with an annual decreased growth rate of 6% between 2011 and 2015. Overall, the bilateral
trade between the two countries is represents only 0.9 % of Brazil’s total exports.

Methods:
For finding trade opportunities for Brazilian exporter in Iran market, I used Trade potential
calculation in different level of HS code using Comtrade global trade statistics,
Trade potential is defined as the lower value between the country’s exports and the partner
country’s imports, minus the actual current trade between the two countries. The trade potential
is indicative only and serves as a starting point for further research. It gives an overview of the
complementarities of the two economies.

Trade potential calculation

Trade potential = min {country’s exports; partner country’s imports} – actual bilateral trade
 Trade potential for Brazilian exporter in Iran market sorted by
market size
Trade potential
Rank Commodity
USD thousand
1 All products 42,887,128
2 Machinery, mechanical appliances, nuclear reactors, boilers; parts thereof 7,152,353
3 Iron and steel 2,652,824
4 Cereals 1,962,327
5 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical . . . 1,505,427
6 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad . . . 1,438,361
7 Pharmaceutical products 1,224,181
8 Articles of iron or steel 1,201,377
9 Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard 970,665
10 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal . . . 859,409
11 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit; industrial or medicinal . . . 674,927
12 Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal fodder 437,630
13 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 387,253
14 Inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, . . . 321,383
15 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof of base metal 318,305
16 Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivatives; dyes, pigments and other colouring . . . 312,659
17 Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations 309,562
18 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 292,749
19 Glass and glassware 281,658
20 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or similar materials 192,105
21 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants 97,145
22 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 89,680
23 Sugars and sugar confectionery 62,939
24 Photographic or cinematographic goods 50,974
25 Meat and edible meat offal 28,396

According to table, since Brazilian has high very market share (whole market share of meat) in Iranian
Meat market it is ranked 25 in above table. It means that meat import has lowest trade potential in Iran
market for Brazilian exporter. Followings are detailed trade potential for each sublevels of above table.
Each row with high trade potential and world share of Brazilian world market share (column 3) will have
high potential for Brazilian exporter (showed in gray).
 Machinery, mechanical appliances, nuclear reactors, boilers; parts
2015

Brazil share in Trade potential in

No commodity
world export Iran
1 Air or vacuum pumps (excluding gas compound elevators and pneumatic
elevators and conveyors); ... 1.1 571230
2 Air conditioning machines comprising a motor-driven fan and elements for
changing the temperature ... 0.1 387783
3 Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or
the like, ... 0.9 380144
4 Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device (excluding
ceramic pumps and ... 0.8 321221
5 Centrifuges, incl. centrifugal dryers (excluding those for isotope separation);
filtering or ... 0.7 283131
6 Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or freezing equipment, electric or
other; heat ... 0.4 257037
7 Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment whether or not electrically heated
(excluding furnaces, ... 0.3 231453
8 Machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not specified
or included elsewhere ... 0.3 227752
9 Machinery for working rubber or plastics or for the manufacture of products
from these materials, ... 0.2 227136
10 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with internal combustion piston engine
of heading ... 2.1 224021
11 Machinery for sorting, screening, separating, washing, crushing, grinding, mixing
or kneading ... 1 223630
12 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of heading 8425 to
8430, n.e.s. 0.2 213530
13
Turbojets, turbopropellers and other gas turbines 2 206826
14 Lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery, e.g. lifts, escalators,
conveyors, teleferics ... 0.4 201193
15 Dishwashing machines; machinery for cleaning or drying bottles or other
containers; machinery ... 0.3 169260
16 Transmission shafts, incl. camshafts and crankshafts, and cranks; bearing
housings and plain ... 1 168125
17 Converters, ladles, ingot moulds and casting machines of a kind used in
metallurgy or in metal ... 0.1 154498
18 Automatic data-processing machines and units thereof; magnetic or optical
readers, machines ... 0 136851
19 Household or laundry-type washing machines, incl. machines which both wash
and dry; parts thereof 0.2 130172
20
Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engine 1.1 117820
 Iron and steel
Brazil share in Trade
No commodity world export potential
Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless, of a width
1 of >= 600 mm, hot-rolled ... 0.7 860532
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width >= 600
2 mm, hot-rolled, not clad, ... 2.3 575189
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width >= 600
3 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled ... 1 385361
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of >= 600
4 mm, cold-rolled "cold-reduced", ... 1 258064
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of >= 600 mm,
5 hot-rolled or cold-rolled ... 0.9 148243
Bars and rods of alloy steel other than stainless, hot-rolled, in
6 irregularly wound coils 0.7 112694
7 Ferro-alloys 11.3 55076

8 Angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy steel, n.e.s. 0.7 49253
Other bars and rods of alloy steel other than stainless, angles,
9 shapes and sections of alloy ... 0.6 40462
Wire of alloy steel other than stainless, in coils (excluding bars and
10 rods) 0.3 29445
11 Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel 13.7 28723

12 Wire of iron or non-alloy steel, in coils (excluding bars and rods) 0.8 27394
Other bars and rods of stainless steel; angles, shapes and sections
13 of stainless steel, n.e.s. 0.6 20761
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600
14 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled ... 0.4 10020
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of < 600 mm, hot-
15 rolled or cold-rolled ... 0.2 9062
Main players: China,India,Korea,Kazakhstan,russia, Taipei, Turkey, Azerbajan, Italy

Brazil ranked 24th

 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision,
medical or surgical
Share in
Trade
No commodity Brazil
potential
export
1
Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences, incl.
... 0.1 443252
2
Orthopaedic appliances, incl. crutches, surgical belts and trusses; splints and other
fracture ... 0.3 207625
3
Liquid crystal devices not constituting articles provided for more specifically in other
heading; ... 0 170495
4
Instruments and apparatus for physical or chemical analysis, e.g. polarimeters,
refractometers, ... 0.1 118978
5
Apparatus based on the use of X-rays or of alpha, beta or gamma radiations, whether or
not ... 0.1 114618
6
Regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus (excluding taps, cocks and valves of
heading ... 0.5 91300
7
Measuring or checking instruments, appliances and machines not elsewhere specified in
chapter ... 0.1 53564
8
Instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking the flow, level, pressure or other
variables ... 0.3 52380
9
Mechano-therapy appliances; massage apparatus; psychological aptitude-testing
apparatus; ozone ... 0.1 48314
10
Surveying, incl. photogrammetrical surveying, hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological,
meteorological ... 0.1 33816
11
Optical fibres and optical fibre bundles; optical fibre cables (excluding made up of
individually ... 0.1 29008
12

Gas, liquid or electricity supply or production meters, incl. calibrating meters therefor 0.7 18747
13
Spectacles, goggles and the like, corrective, protective or other (excluding spectacles for
... 0.1 18098
14
Oscilloscopes, spectrum analysers and other instruments and apparatus for measuring or
checking ... 0 15886
15
Hydrometers, areometers and similar floating instruments, thermometers, pyrometers,
barometers, ... 0.2 12420
16
Revolution counters, production counters, taximeters, milometers, pedometers and the
like (excluding ... 0.7 11249
 Cereals

commodity Brazil share in world export Trade potential

Rice 1.6 782463

Wheat and meslin 0.9 684231

Barley 0.1 292571

Buckwheat, millet, canary seed and
other cereals (excluding wheat and
meslin, rye, barley, ... 0.1 3345

Rye 0 0

Suppliers: Indai,Brazil, Russian, Germany, Kazakhstan, Ukrain,USA,Romania

Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals,

metals clad
No Trade
commodity Brazil share potential
1 Articles of jewellery and parts thereof, of precious metal or of metal clad with precious
metal ... 0 885015
2 Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought or not further worked than semi-
manufactured ... 0.8 511891
3
Imitation jewellery 0.1 36102
4
Articles of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal, n.e.s. 0.6 3060
5 Articles of goldsmiths' or silversmiths' wares and parts thereof, of precious metal or of
metal ... 0 486
6 Articles of natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones "natural, synthetic
... 0.5 464
7 Silver, incl. silver plated with gold or platinum, unwrought or in semi-manufactured
forms, ... 0.1 438
8 Platinum, incl. palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium and ruthenium, unwrought or in
semi-manufactured ... 0 369
9 Precious stones and semi-precious stones, whether or not worked or graded, but not
strung, ... 1.4 221
10
Dust and powder of natural or synthetic precious or semi-precious stones 0 130
11
Base metals clad with silver, not further worked than semi-manufactured 0 113
12 Diamonds, whether or not worked, but not mounted or set (excluding unmounted stones
for pick-up ... 0 21
13 Precious and semi-precious stones, synthetic or reconstructed, whether or not worked or
graded ... 0 10
14 Waste and scrap of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal; other waste and
scrap ... 1 0

Suppliers: Turkey, Switzeland,Indai,china, Thailand, Italy, Taipei,france,Korea

 Pharmaceutical products
commodity Brazil share Trade potential

Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for

therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put ... 0.3 654790

Human blood; animal blood prepared for therapeutic,

prophylactic or diagnostic uses; antisera ... 0.1 414180

Medicaments consisting of two or more constituents mixed

together for therapeutic or prophylactic ... 0.1 67724
Pharmaceutical preparations and products of subheadings
3006.10.10 to 3006.60.90 1.1 56248

Dried glands and other organs for organo-therapeutic uses,

whether or not powdered; extracts ... 0.8 12135

Wadding, gauze, bandages and the like, e.g. dressings,

adhesive plasters, poultices, impregnated ... 1.3 12089

Main supplier: Germany, Switzerland, France, Austria, Belgium, India, Netherlands.

 Articles of iron or steel
No commodity Brazil share Trade potential
1 Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, seamless, of iron or steel (excluding products of cast
iron) 3 287126
2 Structures and parts of structures "e.g., bridges and bridge-sections, lock-gates, towers,
... 0.2 137867
3 Table, kitchen or other household articles, and parts thereof, of iron or steel; iron or
steel ... 0.1 124782
4 Screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws, screw hooks, rivets, cotters, cotter pins, washers, incl.
... 0.3 104905
5
Tube or pipe fittings "e.g. couplings, elbows, sleeves", of iron or steel 0.7 103064
6
Articles of iron or steel, n.e.s. (excluding cast articles) 0.5 81768
7 Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles "e.g., open seam or welded, riveted or similarly closed",
... 0.3 55274
8 Railway or tramway track construction material of iron or steel, the following : rails,
check-rails ... 0.2 52671
9 Stoves, ranges, grates, cookers, incl. those with subsidiary boilers for central heating,
barbecues, ... 0.4 35572
10 Stranded wire, ropes, cables, plaited bands, slings and the like, of iron or steel (excluding
... 0.7 29540
11 Tubes and pipes, having circular cross-sections and an external diameter of > 406,4 mm,
of ... 0.3 28364
12 Sanitary ware, and parts thereof, of iron or steel (excluding cans, boxes and similar
containers ... 0.4 25049
13 Chain and parts thereof, or iron or steel (excluding watch chains, necklace chains and the
... 0.5 24044
14 Reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers, of iron or steel, for any material "other
than ... 1.3 21731
15 Tanks, casks, drums, cans, boxes and similar containers, of iron or steel, for any material
... 0.3 16653
16
Nails, tacks, drawing pins, corrugated nails, staples and similar articles of iron or steel, ... 0.3 14345
17 Containers of iron or steel, for compressed or liquefied gas (excluding containers
specifically ... 1.3 12375
18 Cloth, incl. endless bands, grill, netting and fencing, of iron or steel wire, expanded metal
... 0.2 10795
19 Springs and leaves for springs, of iron or steel (excluding clock and watch springs, springs
... 0.9 9671
20 Radiators for central heating, non-electrically heated, and parts thereof, of iron or steel;
... 0 7690
21
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, of cast iron 1.3 5593

Supplier: China, Turkey, Italy, Taipei, Germany, Korea, India, Spain, Malaysia, France,
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
no commodity Brazil share Trade pot

1 Uncoated paper and paperboard, of a kind used for writing, printing or other graphic purposes, ... 4.3 198341

2 Paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with kaolin "China clay" or other inorganic ... 1.5 194128

3 Paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding and webs of cellulose fibres, coated, impregnated, covered, ... 1.3 152361
4 Cartons, boxes, cases, bags and other packing containers, of paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding ... 0.5 78474

5 Uncoated kraft paper and paperboard, in rolls of a width > 36 cm or in square or rectangular ... 2.5 76865

6 Other paper and paperboard, uncoated, in rolls of a width > 36 cm or in square or rectangular ... 0.1 63536

7 Wallpaper and similar wallcoverings of paper; window transparencies of paper 0 63069

8 Paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding and webs of cellulose fibres, in strips or rolls of a ... 0.2 30190

9 Newsprint as specified in Note 4 to chapter 48, in rolls of a width > 36 cm or in square or ... 0 27586

10 Registers, account books, notebooks, order books, receipt books, letter pads, memorandum pads, ... 0.7 20648

11 Toilet paper and similar paper, cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibres, of a kind used ... 0.2 18887

12 Carbon paper, self-copy paper and other copying or transfer papers, incl. coated or impregnated ... 1.5 13565

13 Toilet or facial tissue stock, towel or napkin stock and similar paper for household or sanitary ... 0.4 6993

14 Cigarette paper, whether or not cut to size or in the form of booklets or tubes 2.2 6131

15 Paper or paperboard labels of all kinds, whether or not printed 0.1 4233

16 Vegetable parchment, greaseproof papers, tracing papers and glassine and other glazed transparent ... 0.3 3940

17 Bobbins, spools, cops and similar supports of paper pulp, paper or paperboard, whether or not ... 0.5 3498

18 Carbon paper, self-copy paper and other copying or transfer papers, in rolls of a width of ... 1.4 2985

19 Corrugated paper and paperboard "with or without glued flat surface sheets", creped, crinkled, ... 0.5 2399

20 Composite paper and paperboard "made by sticking flat layers of paper or paperboard together ... 0.1 1487

21 Envelopes, letter cards, plain postcards and correspondence cards, of paper or paperboard; ... 0 1156
22 Filter blocks, slabs and plates, of paper pulp 0 58

Suppliers:China,Korea, Turkey,India,Indonesia,Germany,Russi,Saudi
Arabia,Pakistan,Singapore,Italy,Spain,
 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats;

commodity Brazil share Trade pot

1
Soya-bean oil and its fractions, whether or not refined (excluding chemically modified) 12.5 293356
2
Palm oil and its fractions, whether or not refined (excluding chemically modified) 0.3 259703
3
Sunflower-seed, safflower or cotton-seed oil and fractions thereof, whether or not refined, ... 0.1 178248
4
Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their fractions, partly or wholly hydrogenated, inter-
esterified, ... 0.3 35968
5 Margarine, other edible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils and edible
... 0.9 30128
6
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, incl. jojoba oil, and their fractions, whether or not refined, ... 1.2 24860
7
Coconut "copra", palm kernel or babassu oil and fractions thereof, whether or not refined, ... 0.1 17913
8
Olive oil and its fractions obtained from the fruit of the olive tree solely by mechanical ... 0 11599
9
Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their fractions, boiled, oxidised, dehydrated, sulphurised,
... 0.8 2465
10
Fats and oils and their fractions of fish or marine mammals, whether or not refined (excluding ... 0 1658
11
Wool grease and fatty substances derived therefrom, incl. lanolin 1.6 1106
12 Vegetable waxes, beeswax, other insect waxes and spermaceti, whether or not refined or
coloured ... 35.6 747
13
Glycerol, crude; glycerol waters and glycerol lyes 14.7 650
14
Rape, colza or mustard oil and fractions thereof, whether or not refined, but not chemically ... 0 356
15
Other oils and their fractions, obtained solely from olives, whether or not refined, but not ... 0 214
16
Degras; residues resulting from the treatment of fatty substances or animal or vegetable waxes 0.3 182
17
Groundnut oil and its fractions, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified 21.1 117
18
Fats of bovine animals, sheep or goats (excluding oil and oleostearin) 0.1 102

Suppliers:Argentina,Malaysia,Ukraine,Indonesia,Russi,Brazil,Paraguay,Turkey,Italy,India,
Spain
 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes
Trade
commodity Brazil share pot
Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes of tobacco or
of tobacco substitutes 0 325279

Manufactured tobacco and manufactured tobacco

substitutes and "homogenised" or "reconstituted" ... 1.4 60982
Unmanufactured tobacco; tobacco refuse 19 991
Annix:

Brazil export market

Exported Trade Share Exported Exported Ranking Share of Total import
value 2015 balance in growth in growth in of partner partner growth in value of
(USD 2015 Brazil's value value countries countries partner countries
thousand) (USD exports between between in world in world between 2011-2015
thousand) (%) 2011-2015 2014-2015 imports imports (%, p.a.)
(%, p.a.) (%, p.a.) (%)
World 191,126,886 19,680,674 100 -6 -15 100 -2
1 China 35,607,524 4,888,119 18.6 -4 -12 2 10.1 0
2 United States of 24,215,974 -2,545,680 12.7 -1 -11 1 13.9 1
America
3 Argentina 12,800,015 2,515,426 6.7 -13 -10 46 0.4 -5
4 Netherlands 10,044,466 7,575,496 5.3 -7 -23 10 2.5 -3
5 Germany 5,171,571 -5,205,154 2.7 -11 -22 3 6.4 -3
6 Japan 4,844,959 -32,245 2.5 -14 -28 6 3.8 -7
7 Chile 3,978,438 567,579 2.1 -5 -20 43 0.4 -4
8 India 3,617,449 -672,131 1.9 1 -24 13 2.4 -4
9 Mexico 3,588,346 -789,573 1.9 -3 -2 12 2.4 3
10 Italy 3,270,233 -1,414,643 1.7 -11 -19 11 2.5 -6
11 Korea, Republic of 3,122,203 -2,298,419 1.6 -9 -19 8 2.6 -3
12 Belgium 2,989,689 1,366,789 1.6 -7 -9 14 2.2 -4
13 Venezuela, 2,986,604 2,306,713 1.6 -9 -36 66 0.2 -16
Bolivarian
Republic of
14 Spain 2,971,693 -527,009 1.6 -10 -9 15 1.8 -3
15 United Kingdom 2,916,046 115,537 1.5 -12 -24 5 3.8 -3
16 Saudi Arabia 2,750,367 843,806 1.4 -6 8 28 1 5
17 Uruguay 2,726,867 1,510,243 1.4 8 -7 100 0.1 -3
18 United Arab 2,503,670 2,041,892 1.3 4 -12 19 1.4 5
Emirates
19 Paraguay 2,473,348 1,589,108 1.3 -2 -23 95 0.1 -3
20 Russian Federation 2,464,430 243,540 1.3 -8 -36 25 1.1 -11
 Brazil's exports to Iran, Islamic Iran, Islamic Republic of's imports
Brazil's exports to world
Republic of from world
Annual Annual
Value in 2015, Share in Share in Share in
Annual Value in 2015, growth Value in 2015, growth in
USD thousand Brazil's world world Trade potential
growth USD thousand 2011-2015, USD thousand 2011-2015,
exports, % imports, % exports, %
%, p.a. %, p.a.

42,887,128
All products 1,666,185 -10 0.9 44,553,313 -5 0.3 191,126,886 -6 1.2

Cereals 736,683 7 12.9 2,699,010 7 2.4 5,724,924 3 5.6

1,962,327

Meat and edible meat offal 383,660 -15 2.9 412,056 -20 0.4 13,077,586 0 11.5
28,396

Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits;

miscellaneous grains, seeds and 211,160 34 1 886,087 21 0.9 21,207,738 8 24.1 674,927
fruit; industrial or medicinal . . .

Residues and waste from the food 437,630

179,112 -9 2.9 616,742 -1 0.8 6,171,801 1 8.7
industries; prepared animal fodder

Sugars and sugar confectionery 114,734 -35 1.5 177,673 -27 0.4 7,781,310 -15 19.6
62,939

Animal or vegetable fats and oils

and their cleavage products; 31,492 -28 1.9 890,901 -13 1 1,625,993 -13 1.9 859,409
prepared edible fats; animal . . .
Paper and paperboard; articles of
paper pulp, of paper or of 2,746 -35 0.1 973,411 3 0.6 2,020,963 -1 1.3 970,665
paperboard
Optical, photographic,
cinematographic, measuring,
2,026 -4 0.2 1,507,453 -3 0.3 847,898 -2 0.2 1,505,427
checking, precision, medical or
surgical . . .
Preparations of vegetables, fruit,
1,440 -3 0.1 98,585 -11 0.2 2,150,306 -5 3.8
97,145
nuts or other parts of plants

Machinery, mechanical
appliances, nuclear reactors, 1,256 -32 0 7,153,609 -8 0.4 11,361,268 -5 0.6 7,152,353
boilers; parts thereof
Articles of stone, plaster, cement,
asbestos, mica or similar 321 -25 0 192,426 6 0.4 1,231,084 5 2.4 192,105
materials
Inorganic chemicals; organic or
inorganic compounds of precious 280 -8 0 321,663 -7 0.3 3,403,950 0 3.1 321,383
metals, of rare-earth metals, . . .

Tobacco and manufactured

210 -85 0 387,463 3 0.9 2,186,217 -8 5.5
387,253
tobacco substitutes

Pharmaceutical products 191 -19 0 1,224,372 -2 0.2 1,330,856 -2 0.3

1,224,181

Glass and glassware 136 80 0 281,794 -5 0.4 285,710 0 0.4

281,658

Natural or cultured pearls,

precious or semi-precious stones, 88 9 0 1,438,449 51 0.3 2,747,829 -3 0.4 1,438,361
precious metals, metals clad . . .
Tanning or dyeing extracts;
tannins and their derivatives;
88 -18 0 312,747 -3 0.4 362,469 -7 0.5 312,659
dyes, pigments and other
colouring . . .

Clocks and watches and parts 89,680

73 2.4 89,753 0 0.2 3,101 -8 0
thereof

Essential oils and resinoids;

perfumery, cosmetic or toilet 72 22 0 309,634 -3 0.3 705,909 -4 0.6 309,562
preparations

Iron and steel 70 -11 0 2,652,894 -18 0.8 8,927,018 -7 2.7

2,652,824
Articles of iron or steel 67 -51 0 1,201,444 -17 0.4 1,739,886 2 0.6
1,201,377

Coffee, tea, maté and spices 53 0 292,802 2 0.6 6,046,077 -5 12.6

292,749

Photographic or cinematographic
44 -64 0.1 51,018 -8 0.3 40,128 -7 0.3
50,974
goods

Tools, implements, cutlery,

spoons and forks, of base metal; 38 -49 0 318,343 7 0.5 449,524 -5 0.7 318,305
parts thereof of base metal