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Design of Microstrip Spur-Line Band-Stop Filters: R.N. Bates
Design of Microstrip Spur-Line Band-Stop Filters: R.N. Bates
band-stop filters
R.N. Bates
Abstract: The paper describes the design of a new class of microstrip bandstop filter. This filter is a very
compact structure, it radiates power significantly less than conventional shunt-stub and coupled-line filters
and is also less susceptible to the infiuence of other components and lines in its vicinity.
1 Introduction is not TEM and the phase velocities for the odd and even
This paper describes the design of a new class of microstrip modes are not equal. For frequencies below about 2 GHz
bandstop filter suitable for moderate bandwidths (of the the propagation may be assumed to be approximately TEM
order of 10%). A similar type of filter was first reported by and the phase velocities for the odd and even modes are not
Shiffman and Matthaei1 and fabricated in strip line. equal. For frequencies below about 2 GHz the propagation
However, in microstrip, this filter, hereafter described as a may be assumed to be approximately TEM and the mode
'spur-line' filter, has several advantages over other types of impedances and phase velocities can be calculated by the
microstrip filter. It radiates significantly less than conven- methods due to Bryant and Weiss3'4 or Judd el al.s At
tional shunt-stub and coupled-line filters, and it forms a about 2 GHz, dispersion on microstrip becomes significant
verycompactstructure.lt is also virtually nondispersive;i.e. but this can be represented by a modification to the TEM
the response repeats at almost exact odd multiples of the data as described by Getsinger.6'7 The impedance matrix
resonant frequency f0. derived by Jones and Bolljahn was modified and is given in
Appendix 7.1. This matrix accounts for the unequal and
The filter consists of a coupled pair of microstrip lines a
dispersive phase velocities of the two modes.
quarter wavelenth long (referred to the stop-band centre
frequency / 0 ) with an open circuit at the end of one of the
coupled lines and with both lines connected together at the microstrip
other end. Fig. 1 shows an example of such a filter fitting
within the width of a microstrip transmission line.
An approximate equivalent circuit is derived which
enables the filter to be designed and then analysed and substrate
optimised using a computer network-analysis program. (dielectric
Graphs are presented which enable the designer to obtain constant e r )
the microstrip geometry from the equivalent-circuit element
values for the case of alumina substrates with a dielectric
constant of 9.6.
The equivalent circuit assumes that the odd and even
mode phase velocities on coupled microstrip are equal. This ground plane
is not true in practice, and an analysis was undertaken
which takes into account the unequal and dispersive phase Fig. 2 Coupled pair of microstrip transmission lines
velocities in microstrip together with the discontinuity A full analysis of the microstrip filter is shown in
capacitance. The effect of these microstrip properties on Appendix 7.2. This includes the effect of the capacitance
the filter is discussed. between the end of the spur and the main line. The energy
stored by the resonant structure was found to be mainly
determined by the odd mode of propagation. The odd-mode
fields are more in air than the even mode, and, conse-
quently, one might expect the odd mode to be more
sensitive to the disturbance of the fields by external objects.
However, odd-mode fields are confined to the vicinity of
Fig. 1 Microwave spur-line filter section
the conductors and concentrated in the gap between the
2 Spur-line filter configuration strips while the even mode fields tend to fringe away from
the strips. It has been shown by De Ronde9 that the even
Fig. 2 shows a coupled pair of microstrip transmission lines. mode is more affected by close objects than the odd mode,
A convenient way to represent the behaviour of these lines and the odd mode is only disturbed by objects very close to
is by means of an impedance matrix. Such a matrix was the gaps between the strips.
derived by Jones and Bolljahn2 for strip line where the Fig. 3a shows the basic spur-line filter configuration. The
wave propagation is TEM. Microstrip propagation, however, 4-port coupled-line network is connected as shown with
port 3 terminated by a capacitance which represents the
discontinuity capacitance at the end of the spur-line. In
Paper T90M, received 28th April 1977 microstrip form, the filter is shown in Fig. 3b. The full
Mr. Bates is with Philips Research Laboratories, Redhill, Surrey
RH1 SHA, England analysis of this filter is given in Appendix 7.2.
MICROWAVES, OPTICS AND ACOUSTICS, NOVEMBER 1977, Vol. l,No. 6 209
To simplify the filter design an equivalent circuit as the end capacitance was to increase the effective length of
developed. This enables the filter to be designed and then the spur-line. The length extension is derived in Appendix
analysed and optimised using a computer network analysis 7.4.
program. The dimensions d and e in Fig. 3b can thus be determined
It can be shown (Appendix 7.3) that by assuming equal by the graphs in Figs. 5 and 6. The length of the spur a and
phase velocities the spur-line filter circuit of Fig. 3 can be the gap b determine the centre frequency of the stop band
represented by an open-circuit transmission line stub of fo-
characteristic impedance Zx and a length of line of charac-
teristic impedance Z 12 as shown in Fig. 4. 2-997925 x 108
a = "A/, (3)
/o x \KeffO
where / 0 is the stop band centre frequency, Keffo is the
-j 3 || C™> odd-mode effective dielectric constant, and A/t is the
-i HI 11
•o<2) effective length extension due to the gap b (eqn. 43
Appendix 7.4).
Fig. 3 Spur-linefilterconfiguration
20
005 0-1 20
©
Fig. 5 Plot of Z12 against S/H (er — 9-6) for various values of
W/H
0) S/H 005
02
05
7 A- 7 10
20
1 ry (2)
5 Acknowledgments
Z o c cot0 c Zoocot0t
Z\\ — Z 2 2 — Z33
33 — Z44 —
From eqn. 4
K3 = z"iZ31 + / 2 Z 3 2 + / 3 Z 3 3 = -i3k (10)
Z oe cotfl e Z o o cotg 0
— Z21 — Z ^ — Z43 — / Rearranging eqn. 10 gives
2 2
,cosec^e Z oo cosec0, , *\Z3i + i2Z32 + i.z*. (11)
U JJ *•? *t*
2 2
Znocosec0p . Z, Substituting eqn. 11 into eqn. 4
Z 14 = Z41 = Z 2 3 = Z 32 = —/'
V\ ~ hzn + /2Z12 + / 3 Z 13 + / 4 Z 14
(5)
32
where 6e = (2nlf)/Ve and 60 = {2nlf)IVoJ= = *i i2 Z12 -
frequency,
Ve = the phase velocity of the even mode, Vo = the phase
velocity of the odd mode, Z o e = the characteristic im-
pedance of the even mode, and Zoo = the characteristic U iZid — (12)
A:+Z 33
impedance of the odd mode.
For any combination of W/H and S/H the parameters Z i2 Z 2 2 - 32
= 'l 21 -
Zoe, Zoo, Ve and Vo are given by published curves5 or by k+Z 33
the computer program MSTRIP.4 The frequency depen-
dence of Ve and Vo can be simulated by the expressions U\Z 34
(13)
given by Getsinger.7 The dispersion relationships are 24
- * _ (6) Z41 -
- e
r f k+Z 33
+Z
33
= A (32)
cosec0
Ac Bc z t 4 = z 4 i = z 2 3 = z 3 2 = —j(zoe
(22)
Cc Dc
= B (33)
C3 C3
(40)
i II Ji II J
II ' II '
•
— 5sin20 z
Ci = m
O—i —n
D= — = cos0 -sin0tan0 (41)
A+B COS0 Fig. 9 Equivalent circuit for microstrip gap capacitance
shown in Fig. 10. This is because at resonance no current It can be seen that there is good agreement for values of b
flows across the gap. less than 100 Mm.