The volumetric analysis takes advantage of quantitative reactions that are verified

between the substance to be determined and a reagent whose concentration is

exactly known; of the volume used of the latter for the realization of the reaction
precisely to its final point, the amount of the substance to be assessed is
calculated. Because volume measurements play a fundamental role in titrations,
it is also known as volumetric analysis. A reagent called "titrant" or "titrator", of
known volume and concentration

Mass transfer In a bioreaction process, the substrates are consumed and the
products are formed by the action of a microorganism, or catalytic parts of an
organism, for example enzymes. Typical substrates for a living cell are the carbon
source such as sugars and oil, nitrogen sources such as ammonia and aa,
electron acceptors such as O2.
The main objective of this experimental study was to examine the volumetric
mass transfer coefficient kLa dependence of fluidmechanical system parameters
in spout–fluid bed with a draft tube.