Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Filipino Overseas Contract Worker in Saudi Arabia. Maritess Pablo
Filipino Overseas Contract Worker in Saudi Arabia. Maritess Pablo
Filipino Overseas Contract Worker in Saudi Arabia. Maritess Pablo
Maritess Pablo
Jayson Retiza
Ma Teresa Sambrana
March 2019
Filipino Overseas Contract Worker in Saudi Arabia
A Research
Presented to
Roland D. Agraviador
Instructor
English III
By:
Maritess Pablo
Jayson Retiza
Ma Teresa Sambrana
March 2019
ABSTRACT
Researchers
Maritess Pablo
Jayson Retiza
Ma Teresa Sambrana
This study was conducted to the effects of bullying in School, the analysis and
interpretation of data revealed the following findings:
THE RESEARCHERS
Chapter I
Background of the Study
An Overseas Filipino (Filipino: Pilipino sa Ibayong-dagat) is a person
of Filipino origin who lives outside the Philippines. This term applies to Filipinos who are
abroad indefinitely as citizens or as permanent residents of a different country and to those
Filipino citizens abroad for a limited, definite period, such as on a work contract or as
students. It can also refer to a person who is of Filipino descent.
The overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) tend to be young and gender-balanced. Based
on a survey conducted in 2011, the demographics indicate how the 24-29 age group
constitutes 24 percent of the total and is followed by the 30-34 age group (23 percent)
working abroad.[33] Male OFWs account for 52 percent of the total OFW population. The
slightly smaller percentage of the female overseas workers tend to be younger than their male
counterparts.[33] Production workers and service workers account for more than 80 percent
of the labor outflows by 2010 and this number is steadily increasing, along with the trend for
professional workers, who are mainly nurses and engineers.
The OFW population is consistently increasing through the years and this is partly
attributed to the government's encouragement of the outflow of contractual workers as
evidenced in policy pronouncements, media campaigns, and other initiatives. For instance, it
describes the OFWs as the heroes of the nation, encouraging citizens to take pride in these
workers.
Employment conditions abroad are relevant to the individual worker and their
families as well as for the sending country and its economic growth and well being. Poor
working conditions for Filipinos hired abroad include long hours, low wages and few chances
to visit family. Women often face disadvantages in their employment conditions as they tend
to work in the elder/child care and domestic. These occupations are considered low skilled
and require little education and training, thereby regularly facing poor working conditions.
Women facing just working conditions are more likely to provide their children with
adequate nutrition, better education and sufficient health. There is a strong correlation
between women's rights and the overall well being of children. It is therefore a central
question to promote women's rights in order to promote children's capabilities.
According to a statement made in 2009 by John Leonard Monterona, the Middle East
coordinator of Migrante, a Manila-based OFW organization, every year, an unknown number
of Filipinos in Saudi Arabia were then "victims of sexual abuses, maltreatment, unpaid
salaries, and other labor malpractices"
Conceptual Framework
The illustration presented on Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study.
Filipino Overseas
Saudi Arabia
Contract Worker
This study aims to determine the Life of Filipino Overseas Contract Worker in Saudi
Arabia Furthermore, it sought to answer the following specific questions:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Course
3. How much difference is there among different time periods when OFWs stay abroad?
Working abroad can be understood as parents’ solution to the plight of family poverty
and unemployment. Oftentimes, parents head overseas in order to provide their children with
a better future. This study will benefit the following:
Students, for them to know and have an understanding of the effects on self-esteem of
having parents working abroad.
Parents, for them to understand the effects of their absence to the performance of their
children.
Scope and limitations of the Study
This study will focus only in the life of the Filipino Overseas Contract Workers in
Saudi Arabia.
Development. It refers to a sufficiency of means for the necessities and conveniences of life.
Gross Domestic Product. It is the market value of all the goods and services produced by
labor and property provided in a country during one year.
Natural Selection. It is the process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them
to adapt to specific environmental pressures.
Overseas. It means relating to, originating in, or situated in countries across the sea.
Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW). It refers to any person, eighteen years of age or above,
who is to be engaged, or is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a state
of which the worker is not a legal resident.
Self-esteem. It refers to the extent to which we like accept or approve of ourselves or how
much we value ourselves. Self esteem always involves a degree of evaluation and we may
have either a positive or a negative view of ourselves.
Trauma. It is the behavioral state resulting from mental or emotional stress or physical injury.
Chapter II
Yang (2004) found that migrant families who experienced a positive exchange rate
shock during the Asian crisis (1997-1998) invested more in education, reduced child labour,
increased entrepreneurial activity, and increased purchases of durable goods including
vehicles. He used a panel of about 1,600 households with migrants common to the 1997 FIES
and the 1998 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS). Tullao, Cortez, and See (2004) is a
recent study that looks at the economic impact of migration in the Philippines. Using mainly
the FIES, they report, among others, that households receiving remittances tend to allocate a
bigger portion of their budget on luxuries, are more likely to own durable goods, tend to
spend a higher share of income on education, and are less likely to participate in the labour
market. A limitation of their study is that their analysis appears only to say that these things
occur because migrant families tend to have higher incomes. While useful information, it is
more interesting to find out if there is something other than an income effect in all these, or,
in other words, if their findings still hold after controlling for income and other variables.
After all, if the migrants remained in the country and earned higher income there, the same
effects would be observed.
In recent years, the survey has covered about 200,000 individuals in about 40,000
households. The LFS usually has a rotating sample. Among the questions in the LFS is
whether any member is out of the country for employment and has left within the past five
years. Such a member is classified as an OFW. The FIES is the country’s main source of
income and expenditure figures and is where official figures on income poverty and
inequality are based. It is held every three years as a rider to the LFS, with 2003 as the
latest year for which data is already available. The FIES asks a question about the amount of
overseas remittances as part of the income module.
The APIS is a relatively new survey, began in 1998, and is intended to be undertaken
– although not always done so for budgetary reasons – in years the FIES is not. Like the
FIES, it is also a rider on the LFS. From its name, the APIS is concerned with getting
indicators relevant to poverty but is broader in coverage than the FIES, containing
information also on enrolment, access to health, employment, and other indicators apart from
income and expenditure. Its income and expenditure measures, however, are less detailed
than the ones in the FIES and cover only a six-month period instead of a full year. Because
estimates based on these data sets are survey-based, they are subject to sampling error. In
addition, because it only counts OFWs who have left in the past five years immediately
preceding the surveys, they are almost certainly underestimating the true stock of OFWs. On
the other hand, due to the wealth of other information these data sets provide which can be
linked to migration, they are unquestionably the best source of information on the impact of
migration on household welfare, and at the same time provide a reasonably accurate view of
the actual overall picture and trends.