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Safety of Students Guidelines
Safety of Students Guidelines
Molecular marker
A DNA sequence that is readily detected and whose inheritance can be easily moniterd.
The uses of molecular markers are based on the naturally occouring polymorphism.
A marker is a gene of known function and location, that allow the studying of the inheritance of
the gene.
A marker must be a polymorphic ie, it must exist in different forms so that chromosomes
carrying mutant gene can be distinguished from the chromosome with the normal gene by a
marker.
NB: polymorphism involves existence of different forms of same gene in plants or population of
plants.
Examples: RFLP,RAPD,AFLP,SSR,SNP etc…
RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)
Organism can be differentiated by analysis of patterns derived from cleavage of
their DNA.
Technique is mainly based on the special enzyme called Restriction Endonucleases.
In RFLP restriction enzyme digested DNA is resolved by Gel electrophoresis and
then blotted to a nitro cellulose membrane.
Specific binding patterns can be visualized by hybridization with labelled probes.
Different size or length of restriction fragments are produced,such polymorphism
are used to distinguish plant species , genotypes etc..
Advantages
High reproducibility
Show codominant alleles
Detect coupling phase of dna
Reliable marker in linkage and breeding analysis
Easily determine a linked trait present in both homozygous and
heterozygous .
Dis advantage
Poppulation genetics
Gene mapping
Analysis of germplasm collection
Useful in determining functional diversity