INDONESIA’S WATER CHALLENGES

Australia Water Association Workshop and Indonesia-Australia Water Focus Group

JAKARTA, 28 JUNE 2016

KEMENTERIAN PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PERUMAHAN RAKYAT

DIREKTORAT JENDERAL CIPTA KARYA
DIREKTORAT PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM
 Outline
1. General Overview
2. Access to Safe Water
3. PDAM Water Service Performance
4. National Medium Term Development Plan 2015-2019
5. Strategy to Improve PDAM’s Performance
6. Policy Framework & Regulation on Water Supply Development
7. Government Regulation No. 122 of Year 2015
8. Water Safety Plan (WSP)
9. Action Plan on Indonesia Water Safety Plan
10. Financing Scheme of Indonesia’s Water Safety Plan
11. Gaps/Challenges
1. General Overview
 Total Area: 1,910,931km2
 Total Islands: 17,504
 Total Population : 268,920,484 inhabitants
 Population Growth: 1.4% per annum
 52% of total population resides in urban areas.
This number is estimated to increase up to 65 per
cent by 2025.
 Indonesia is affected by floods every year.
Between 1970 and 2011, almost 4,000 flood
events were recorded

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia, 2015

 Urban vs Rural
2. Access to Safe Water 100

80 67.7
79.3
68.36
80.72
70.97
56.2 56.09
60

 Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN 2015- 40

2019) targeted 100% access to safe water by 20

2019, which will be provided through piped water 0

service (60%) and non-piped water services 2013 2014 2015

(40%) National Urban Rural

 Nationally, 29,03% of total population (2015) or

77,986,940 people remains without access to safe
water.
 Access to safe water in urban areas is relatively
higher than in rural areas. However, due to high
rate of urbanization, water demand in urban area
exceeds supply.
 More than half of the population accessed their
safe water through non piped water services.
3. PDAM Water Service Performance Targets must be achieved by 2019:
 100% Healthy PDAM
 Reduce average NRW to 20%
Total Audited by BPKP (2015): 350 PDAMs

PDAM Based on NRW Level Overall PDAM Performance

PDAM Based on HC

20%

7% 4%
9%
24%
53% 42%
38% 28%
29% 47%

Healthy Less Healthy Sick

<10.000 10.000-50.000
<20% 20%-30% 30%-40% >40% 50.000-100.000 >100.000
4. National Medium Term Development Plan 2015-2019
Water Service Performance

Our National Medium Term

Development Plan (RPJMN 2015-2019)
targeted 100% access to safe water by QUALITY
2019 Fulfills the standard QUANTITY
of Ministry of Health
Meeting with Regulation No. 492
Fulfills the standard
of water demand
of year 2010
per capita
Regarding Drinking
60l/capita/day
Water Quality
Standard
ACCESSIBILITY
CONTINUITY
/AFFORDABILITY
Continuous
4K distribution of water Easy to access &
(Quality, Quantity, Continuity, Accessibi (24 hours) economically sound
(tariff ≤ 4% income)
lity/Affordability)
5. Strategy to Improve PDAM’s Performance
Current Condition Improve the
(2014): 40 PDAMs are
peformance of
Healthy PDAMs: 184 200 less
targetted to be 100% Healthy
improved PDAM 2019
Less Healthy & Sick healthy/sick
annually
PDAMs: 166 PDAMs

Criteria:
Financially Supported by: Activities: 1. Healthy PDAM
1. Central Govt Budget (APBN) 1. PDAM database 2. NRW ≤ 20%
2. Local Govt Budget (APBD) 2. Performance evaluation & 3. Service coverage ≥ 60%
3. PDAM Recommendation for 4. FCR Tariff
4. others improvement
3. Project Assistance for PDAM
4. Capacity Building for PDAM
Staff (CoE & WoPs)
6. Policy Framework & Regulation on Water Supply Development
INSTITUTION & HUMAN
LAWS & REGULATION FINANCING
RESOURCES

 Prepare
 Increase Central and
regulation/Precidential and  Improve the capacity of
Provincial Government
Ministerial Decree and water operators
budgeting through regional
issued technical guidelines (PDAM/UPTD/CBO)
water supply development
for water supply  Increase stakeholders’
 Accelerating PDAM’s debt
development awareness on community’s
settlement for independent
 Evaluate the application of right to safe water
water supply development
laws & regulations
STATE OF WATER
SERVICE IN 2014 MEDIUM TERM
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
UTILIZATION OF INCREASING SAFE WATER ACCESS TARGET 2015-2019
IDLE CAPACITY
SAFE ACCESS:
68.36% SAFE ACCESS:
NRW REDUCTION Improving water supply system to fulfill the minimum standard of service 100%

PIPED WATER INCREASING Improving water supply system in the attempt to support economy PIPED WATER
SERVICE: 18% CAPACITY independency in national strategic region SERVICE: 35%

NON-PIPED WATER
NON-PIPED SERVICE: 65%
TECHNICAL & INSTITUTION & HUMAN
WATER SERVICE: WATER RESOURCES
TECNOLOGY RESOURCES
50.36%

 Improve the quality of

 Create & socialize group of
water supply construction
 Bulk water provision for PPPs (large, medium, and
through the application of
scarce water and coastal small scale)
standard quality
region and small islands  Promote hygiene, save
management
 Apply mixed domestic water & technical modul on
 Increase the utilization of
water non-piped water supply
environmental friendly
service
technology
7. Government Regulation No. 122 of Year 2015
Article 2
1) Water supply system is operated to provide communities with adequate water service to fulfill their right to
adequate water.
2) Water supply system is operated to:
a. Provide adequate water service to fulfill community’s right to water;
b. Achieve good quality of management and service at affordable price;

Article 33
1) Water supply system must be operated in an integrated manner with sanitation to prevent contamination of
water resources and secure the sustainability of water supply function.
3) Integrated water supply system with sanitation is done minimum through the preparation of master plan.
8. Water Safety Plan, WSP (1) Implementation of WSP in Indonesia

K
1
1 WSP – WATER RESOURCES Catchment Area
K
K 3 Alternative Water Resources Conventional Water Resources
2 (reclaimed water, rain water) (surface water & ground water)

Bulk Water

2a WSP-OPERATOR Water Operator

/PDAM
Bulk Water Production
Intake & Unit/WTP Distribution
Transmission

2b WSP - COMMUNITY Community

Bulk Water Production

Distribution
Intake & Unit/WTP
Transmission

K
K
1 K
3 WSP - Consumers Households
4 K 3
2
Water treatment at
Hygiene Promotion household level
Drinking Water
8. Water Safety Plan (2) Implementation of WSP - Operator in Indonesia

Preparing WSP
Document through
advisory, training of Implementing WSP by:
trainers using COE’s - Internalising WSP in Monitoring &
multilevel marketing PDAM’s operational & Evaluation
approach and Water maintenance system
Operator Partnership
- Implementing non
(WOPs)
physical and physical
program

11
9. Action Plan on Indonesia Water Safety Plan
12 PDAMs already
Healthy Implemented WSP
Priority I Performance,
Coverage >70%
40 PDAM (12%)
PDAM Kota Banjarmasin
Healthy PDAM Kota Malang
Priority II Performance,
Coverage 40-70%
67 PDAM (19%)
PDAM Kota Salatiga
PDAM Kota Payakumbuh
Healthy
Priority III Performance,
Coverage <40%
67 PDAM (19%) PDAM Kota Palembang
PDAM Kota Denpasar
Less Healthy PDAM Kota Bandung
Priority IV Performance/Sick,
Coverage >40%
47 PDAM (13%)
PDAM Kota Surabaya
PDAM Kota Mataram
Less Healthy
Priority V Performance/Sick,
Coverage >40%
129 PDAM (37%) PDAM Kota Medan
PDAM Kota Pontianak
PDAM Kabupaten Bandung

12
 10. Financing Scheme of Indonesia’s Water Safety Plan

Central Government Local Government PDAM Donor

Budget Budget

Advisory in Preparing
WSP Document
(pilot 12 PDAM) Prepare WSP
Document
Prepare Guideline &
Training Moduls
Internalising WSP in
ToT through CoE and Replicate WSP Replicate WSP
O&M System
WOPs Mechanism

Physical Program which

apply WSP in a system
Replicate WSP
that is integrated with
NRW reduction Program

1313
11. Gaps/Challenges
 To improve PDAM’s performance requires adequate amount of financing. Central Government
Budget allocation for water supply development has been reduced in the past 2 years.
Moreover, Government Regulation No. 122 of year 2016 regarding water supply system is limiting
private sector involvement. Alternative financing needed.
 Securing bulk water for drinking water has been a real challenge due to various stakeholders
involved (from upstream to downstream);
 WSP is not integrated in the operational and maintenance of water supply system;
 Not many PDAMs realize the benefit of implementing WSP in preparing PDAM’s business plan;
 WSP is targeted to be implemented by 174 PDAMs by 2019. Currently, only 12 PDAMs that is
beginning to implement WSP.
THANK YOU…