Assignment - 2

Questions
1. Consider the differential equation

d2 u
− − u + x2 = 0
dx2
for 0 < x < 1; suppose that the boundary condition is u(0) = u(1) = 0. Determine the
following:

(a) Equivalent functional form of the given differential equation in the general form
B(w, u) − L(w) = 0.
(b) For the choice of two parameter Rayleigh-Ritz approximation consider the following
function
uN = c1 x(1 − x) + c2 x2 (1 − x)

and determine the unknown coefficients c1 and c2 .

2. Consider the problem of finding the transverse deflection of a cantilever beam under a
uniform transverse load of intensity f0 per unit length and end moment M0 using Euler-
Bernoulli beam theory. The governing equation of this theory is:

d2 d2 w
(EI ) − f0 = 0
dx2 dx2
dw(0)
for 0 < x < L and EI > 0. The following are the boundary conditions: w(0) = dx = 0;
d2 w(L) d d2 w(L)
EI dx2
= M0 and dx ( dx2
) = 0. Determine the following:

(a) Equivalent functional form of the governing equation in the general form B(w, u) −
L(w) = 0. (Hint: perform integration by parts twice on the weighted integral state-
ment).
(b) For the choice of two parameter Rayleigh-Ritz approximation consider the following
function
wN = c1 x2 + c2 x3

and determine the unknown coefficients c1 and c2 .

3. Consider the following nonlinear equation:

d2 u du
−2u 2
+ ( )2 = 4
dx dx
 for 0 < x < 1. The given boundary conditions are: u(0) = 1 and u(1) = 0. Determine the
coefficient c1 of the one-parameter approximation

uN = (1 − x) + c1 [x(1 − x)]

using the following methods:

(a) Galerkin method

(b) Least-square method
(c) Petrov-Galerkin method with weight function w = 1.

4. A cylinder is attached to a wall at point by a fixed support as shown in the diagram below.
The half of the cylinder from point A to point B is made of steel (E = 200 GPa) and has
a length of 1 m and a diameter of 1 cm ; the half of the cylinder from point B to point
C is made of aluminum (E = 70 GPa) and has a length of 1 m and a diameter of 1 cm .
Before the cylinder is loaded, the free end (point ) is separated from a second wall by a
distance of 0.5 mm . Determine the the value of load P at which the free end touches the
second wall. Plot a curve of load P versus distance moved by point C until it moves by a
distance of 0.5 mm. Modify the discrete element code given to you to solve this problem.
Verify the answer from code with analytical solution to this problem.