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A ANI MALELOR

CUPRINS:
5.1 &RQVWUXF LL]RRWHKQLFH
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2%,(&7,9(850 5,7(

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de animale.

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REZUMAT:
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cap de animal úLFHOHODOWHFRQGL LLGHPLFURFOLPDW

6ROX LLOH WHKQRORJLFH úL FRQVWUXFWLYH GH IHUPH GLIHU  vQ IXQF LH GH VSHFLH SURILOXO GH

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 Lucrarea nr. 5.1
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VH UHGXFH IURQWXO GH IXUDMDUH VLWXD LH vQ FDUH DQLPDOHOH QX VH PDL SRW KU QL QRUPDO GHRDUHFH

practic vor consuma furajele numai cele care ajung primele la jgheab, iar animalele care nu
FRQVXP  UD LD VO EHVF vQWkU]LH vQ FUHúWHUH OH VFDGH UH]LVWHQ D RUJDQLVPXOXL ILLQG PDL XúRU

VXSXVHvPEROQ YLULORU

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FUHúWHUHD XPLGLW LLD WHPSHUDWXULL úL DFRQFHQWUD LHL JD]HORU QRFLYH &D XUPDUH VH vQUHJLVWUHD] 

VF GHUL DOH SURGXF LHL FX LPSOLFD LL QHJDWLYH DVXSUD UH]XOWDWHORU HFRQRPLFH DOH IHUPHL VDX

JRVSRG ULHL

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1
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6XSUDID DQHFHVDU P
2
Specia Categoria /cap)
vaci cu lapte, în sistem legat 1,70
BOVINE YDFLFXODSWHvQVWDEXOD LHOLEHU 2,10
tineret bovin 1,12
vieri 2,95
YLHUXúL 1,90
scroafe negestante
-în boxe individuale 1,10
-vQV ODúFRPXQ 1,20
PORCINE scroafe gestante
-in boxã individualã 1,10
-in sãlas comun 1,20
scroafe cu purcei 3,00
tineret porcin 0,30
SRUFLODvQJU úDW 0,70
berbeci 1,80
OVINE oi mame 1,00
tineret ovin 0,30
J LQLGHUHSURGXF LH 3-4 cap/m2
J LQLGHSURGXF LH 4-6
FXUFLGHUHSURGXF LH 0,3-0,75
FXUFLGHSURGXF LH 1,5-2,00
UD HGHSURGXF LH 3,5-4,00
UD HODvQJU úDW 6,0-7,00
JkúWHGHUHSURGXF LH 0,75-1,50
PÃSÃRI JkúWHGHSURGXF LH 1,25-2,00
JkúWHODvQJU úDW 2,00
SXLGHJ LQ : 0-30 zile 18-24
SXLGHJ LQ  -60 zile 12-16
SXLGHJ LQ -90 zile 8-10
SXLGHFXUF -90 zile 8-10
ERERFLGHUD 10-16
ERERFLGHJkVF 8-10

1 
 

   
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 Fig.5.1. Stabilirea confortului într-RIHUP DJURELRORJLF 

GHFUHúWHUHDWDXULQHORUSHQWUXO apte

a -FXUEHOHGHPLúFDUHDOHGLIHULWHORUVHJPHQWHFRUSRUDOHvQFXUVXOVFXO ULL

QHVWkQMHQLWHDYDFLLvQS úXQH

1 – botul; 2 – coarnele; 3-DUWLFXOD L XP UXOXL

– crupa; 5 –DUWLFXOD LDFDUSLDQ 
– autopodiul.

b –PLúF ULOHHIHFWXDWHvQ cursul zilei sunt stânjenite prin dispozitivele rigide de

legare a animalului: 1 – bot; 3 –DUWLFXOD LDXP UXOXL– crupa.
c –FDGUXODUWLFXODWVDXHODVWLFDOOHJ WXULLDVRFLDWFXDUFXOLQIHULRUDVLJXU VSD LXOGHPLúFDUHQHFHVDU

pentru articula LDXP UXOXLODVFXODUHDYDFLL

(Rist, 1977).
 Lucrarea nr. 5.2
$35(&,(5($,*,(1(,ù,&21)2578/8,

$' 326785,/253(1758$1,0$/(

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diferite de cele ale mediului natural.

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s-DX IRUPDW LDU P VXULOH GH LJLHQ  úL DOLPHQWD LH QX UHXúHVF V  VXSOLQHDVF  DFHVWH GHRVHELUL VH

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RUJDQLFH VDX IXQF LRQDOH GXFH OD PLFúRUDUHD YDORULL HFRQRPLFH D DQLPDOHORU OD VF GHUHD

SURGXF LHLúLGLPLQXDUHDYLWDOLW LLORU

$VWIHOSHQWUXDSUHFLHUHDXQXLDG SRVWVHIDFUHIHULULOD

9 WHUHQXOSHFDUHHVWHDPSODVDWDG SRVWXOD mplasare, orientare);

9 H[HFX LDFRQVWUXF LHLSURSULX -zise;
9 PLFURFOLPDW WHPSHUDWXU  XPLGLWDWH FXUHQ L GH DHU FRPSR]L LD FKLPLF  D DHUXOXL SUDIXO úL

microorganismele din aer.

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IHUWLOLWDWHUHGXV .
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DQLPDOH VDX RP úL HYLWDUHD SROX ULL PHGLXOXL vQFRQMXU WRU 'LVWDQ HOH GLQWUH DG SRVWXUL úL GLQWUH

ferme sunt stabilite prin norme. Platforma de gXQRLVHDPSODVHD] vQDIDUDIHUPHLLDUGHSR]LWHOH

GH IXUDMH YRU IRUPD XQ VHFWRU DSDUWH $FFHVXO OD S úXQH VH IDFH SH GUXPXUL VSHFLDO DPHQDMDWH

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FO GLULORU

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$úD FXP VH REVHUY  vQ ILJXUD  SODWIRUPD GH JXQRL VH DPSODVHD]  OD  -200 m
disWDQ ID GHDG SRVWXULúLFkWPDLGHSDUWHGHVXUVHOHGHDS 

0LFURFOLPDWXO GLQ DG SRVWXUL VH DIO  vQ VWUkQV  OHJ WXU  FX FRQGL LLOH FOLPDWHULFH H[WHUQH

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6 Q WDWHDDQLPDOHORUHVWHLQIOXHQ DW GHFXUHQ LLGHDHUXPLGLWDWHúLWHPSHUDWXU 

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convulsii, asfixie, moarte (<8%)

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< 0,3% (mamifere) CO2

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PXFRDVHORUF LORUUHVSLUDWRULLúLJOREX lui ocular;

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care vin în contact.
CO •PJODHU &2 SURYLQH GLQ DUGHUHD LQFRPSOHW  D FRPEXVWLELOLORU VH

SURGXF LQWR[LFD LL PDL DOHV OD DQLPDOHOH WLQHUH &2 LQVSLUDW

WUHFH vQ VkQJH VH FRPELQ  FX KHPRJORELQD úL vPSLHGLF 

oxigenarea sângelui
H2O ”PJODHU LD QDúWHUH GLQ GHVFRPSXQHUHD GHMHF LLORU DUH DF LXQH

LQVWDQ  ORFDO  DVXSUD PXFRDVHORU úL DF LXQH JHQHUDO 

DVIL[LDQW
 )LJ6FKHPDIHUPHLSHQWUXvQJU úDUHDWDXULQHORU

în sistem baby-beef:
1-filtru sanitar; 2-pavilion administrativ; 3-FHQWUDO WHUPLF -FDVWHOGHDS -DG SRVWXULSHULRDGD
I-a; 6-EDVFXO -F UXFLRUGHWUDQVSRUWDWYL HL-VLOR]QXWUH XULFRPELQDWH-atelier mecanic; 10-fânar; 11-
DJUHJDWGHWRFDWúLP FLQDW2-transportor pneumatic; 13-DG SRVWXULSHULRDGDD,,-a; 14-fose; 15-SRPS 

cu melc; 16-FRQGXFW SHQWUXWUDQVSRUWXOGHMHF LLORU-VWD LHGHSRPSDUH-VWD LHGHFDQWDUHIHUPHQWDUH

úLHYDFXDUHDS 

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)LJ6HF LXQHSULQWU XQDG

- SRVWGHYDFL

1 –DOHHGHFLUFXOD LHFXJU WDUH– boxe de dormit; 3 –FDQDOHSHQWUXGHMHF LL

4 –ER[HGHKU QLUH– iesle; 6 –WUDQVSRUWRUPHOFGLVWULEXLWRUGHQXWUH XUL
7 – coloDQ –IHUHDVWU 
 Lucrarea nr. 5.3
6,67(0('(&5(ù7(5($$1,0$/(/25

6LVWHPHOHGHFUHúWHUHDDQLPDOHORUVHJUXSHD] vQPDULFDWHJRULL

1. VLVWHPHGHFUHúWHUHH[WHQVLY 

2. VLVWHPHGHFUHúWHUHVHPLLQWHQVLY VDXVHPLH[WHQVLY 

3. VLVWHPHGHFUHúWHUHLQWHQVLY 
2
&ULWHULLOHFDUHVWDXODED]DDFHVWHLFODVLILF UL sunt :
9 QXP UXOGHDQLPDOHGLQIHUP 

9 IRORVLUHDVDXQXDS úXQDWXOXLvQFDGUXOWHKQLFLORUGHKU QLUHDDQLPDOHORU

9 IRORVLUHD VDX QX D UHVXUVHORU IXUDMHUH PDL DOHV GH YROXP FX YDORDUH QXWULWLY  PDL VF ]XW  

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9 JUDGXO GH GRWDUH D IHUPHL FX HFKLSDPHQWH VSHFLILFH H[SORDW ULL DQLPDOHORU  PXOVXO úL WXQVXO

PHFDQLF DGPLQLVWUDUHD IXUDMHORU úL D DSHL HYDFXDUHD GHMHF LLORU DVLJXUDUHD IDFWRULORU GH

microclimat etc.
9 WLSXOGHUDV VDXKLEULGGHDQLPDOHFDUHVHFUHVFvQIHUPH

9 WHKQRORJLLOHIRORVLWHvQDVLJXUDUHDGHSLVW ULLSUHYHQLULLúLFRPEDWHULLEROLORUODDQLPDOH

9 FUHúWHUHDDQLPDOHORUQXPDLvQVSD LLvQFKLVHVDX numai în aer liber sau prin combinarea celor

GRX PRGDOLW L

9 QLYHOXOGHSHUIRUPDQ HWHKQLFHXUP ULWvQH[SORDWDUHD]RRWHKQLF UHVSHFWLY 

1. 6LVWHPXOGHFUHúWHUHJRVSRG UHVF – extensiv

ÌQ DFHVW VLVWHP GH FUHúWHUH SURGXF LD DQLPDO  DUH FDUDFWHU VH]RQLHU FUHúWHUHD DQLPDOHORU

QX FRQVWLWXLH SUHRFXSDUHD GH ED]  D GH LQ WRUXOXL DFHVWRUD SHUIRUPDQ HOH WHKQLFH OHJDWH GH

QLYHOXO SURGXF LHL GH LQGLFLL GH UHSURGXF LH FD úL GH FDOLWDWHD SURGXF LHL  VXQW XUP ULWH JHQHUDO

investigarea rezultatelor economico – finDQFLDUHSUDFWLFQXH[LVW úLHVWHGLILFLOGHVWDELOLW

2. 6LVWHPXOGHFUHúWHUHJRVSRG UHVF- intensiv

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a fermierului – SURSULHWDU OHJDW  GH HYROX LD úL PRGHUQL]DUHD WHKQLFLORU GH DPHOLRUDUH JHQHWLF 

GHFUHúWHUHGHPDQDJHPHQWúLGHPDUNHWLQJDOIHUPLHUXOXLúLDOPHPEULORUIDPLOLHLVDOH
3
)HUPHOH PLFL úL PLMORFLL VH FRQVLGHU  SH WHUPHQ VFXUW úL PHGLX F  DX 12 vaci sau
 WDXUL OD vQJU úDW VDX  RLFDSUH PDPH úL PLRDUH VDX  GH EHUEHFX L OD vQJU úDW VDX 
-
VFURDIHPDWF VDXSRUFLODvQJU úDWVDXJ LQLRX WRDUHVDX SXLEURLOHUOLYUD LSH

DQ3HWHUPHQPDLOXQJGLPHQVLXQLOHYRUHYROXDvQVHQVXOFUHúWHULLORU

3URGXF LD RE LQXW  HVWH PDUI   VH OLYUHD]  SHQWUX DVLJXUDUHD FRQVXPXOXL PDL DOHV vQ

PHGLXXUEDQFDúLSHQWUXDOWHQHYRLDOHHFRQRPLHLQD LRQDOH

3. 6LVWHPXOGHFUHúWHUH industrial – intensiv

$FHVWDVHIRORVHúWHPDLDOHVODS V ULSHQWUXSURGXF LDGH

FDUQHúLRX ODSRUFLQHW XUDúLVLEHUEHFX LSHQWUXvQJU úDWSRVLELOODYDFLOHSHQWUXODSWH

Factorii caracteristici sunt :

a) dimensiunea efectivelor exploatate;
b) graduOPDUHGHULWPLFLWDWHvQSURGXFHUHDúLOLYUDUHDSURGXF LHL
c) SURGXFHUHD QXWUH XULORU FRPELQDWH VRUWDUHD RX ORU SURFHVDUHD ODSWHOXL D F UQLL HWF úL FKLDU

YDORULILFDUHDSURGXF LHLúLSURGXVHORUSHSLD SHOkQJ FUHúWHUHDHIHFWLYHORU

d) productivitate sporLW DPXQFLL

e) JUDGXOVSRULWGHIRORVLUHDFDSDFLW LORUGHSURGXF LHFRQVWUXLWHúLDFHORUODOWHXWLOLW L

2 


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3 


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 Lucrarea nr. 5.4
Ì172&0,5($),ù(,7(+12/2*,&(

3(17587$85,1(/('(5(352'8& ,(

Categoria de Femele
animale Tauri
Specificarea vaci de lapte junici
1 2 3 4
Instinctul sexual 8 - 12 luni
9kUVWDRSWLP SHQWUXPRQW 24 – 48 luni 2-3 ciclu de 16 – 20 luni
F OGXUL

Ciclul sexual - 20 - 21 zile

'XUDWDF OGXULORU - 12 – 36 ore
)RORVLUHDODUHSURGXF LHYkUVWD 2 monte pe zi la 10-12ore (se
IRORVHVF]LOHSDX] R]LVDX 12 - 15 ani
2-UHFROW ULVSHUP V SW

8-9 ani
Repartizarea femelelor / mascul WDXUWkQ U 30 – 40
taur adult 70 – 100
'XUDWDJHVWD LHL --- 275 -]LOHOXQLVLMXP WDWH

+U QLUHD81]L 11 – 16 ** 5 – 6,6 (figura 5.4 )

furaj verde / kg 15 – 25 50 – 60
fân / kg 8 - 10 8 – 12
siloz / kg 10 25 – 35
sfecla furajera / kg 8 – 10 15 –20
concentrate / kg 2–5 2–4
1 2 3 4
DOWHQXWUH XUL lapte smântânit: 5 – 6 l morcovi
RX –I LQXULDQLPDOH QXWUH XULPLQHUDOH

PRUFRYLQXWUH PLQHUDO

$G SDUHD 3 - 4 ori pe zi
ÌQWUH LQHUHD boxe individuale grajd
PLúFDUH]LOQLFa PLúFDUH]LOQLF 

,JLHQDFRUSRUDO HV ODW  HV ODW

periat periat
VS ODUHD³IXURXOXL´ îngrijirea ongloanelor
îngrijirea ongloanelor (la 2 – 3 luni)
Mulsul - LJLHQDXJHUXOXLúLPDVDM

mulsul la ore fixe (2 ori / zi)

metode : -PDQXDOPkQ SOLQ 

nod;
WRDW SDOPD

- mecanic
5HSDRVXOPDPDU³vQ UFDUHD´ - 2 luni înainte de -
I WDUH

) WDUHDWDEHOXO ****

* ciclul 4 la “recordiste”
ODDFHVWHDVHDGDXJ  – 10 UN pentru vaci gestante sau 4,4 –81SHQWUXSURGXF LD de
ODSWHvQIXQF LHGHFDQWLWDWHúLJU VLPH

VHIDFHGLIHUHQ LDWYDUDLDUQD

FRQIRUPSODQXOXLGHPRQWHúLI W UL
 Tabelul 5.1

3ODQXOGHPRQWHúLI W ULSHQWUXRIHUP GHYDFL

9&UH DúLFRODE

3URJUDPDUHDúLHIHFWXDUHDPRQWHL

data cand trebuie inceputa

Data

GDWDSODQLILFDW DI W ULL

data reala a intarcarii

ultimei

avut loc
când a

monta
Categ. I W ULVDX

data
GDWDSODQLILFDW D
Numele

intarcarea
vârsta taur planificat taur înlocuitor

GDWDUHDO
vacii Nr.
junincii

montei
sau ma-
la data

nr. matricol

nr. matricol
junincii tri-
progra-
numele

numele
col
PDW D

montei
1 2 3
20.12 21.02 1.12 20.09 5.10
$OELQL D 1 YDF Alunel 150 Lux 250
1980 1998 1981 1981 1981
apr. ian.
$OXQL D 380 MXQLQF 18 luni Joian 50 Bujor 11
1981 1982
 )LJ6FKHPDIXUDM ULLXQHLYDFLFXSURGXF LDPHGLHGHOLWULODSWHSHODFWD LH

9&UH DúLFRODE

În tabelul 5.2 sunt prezentate concrHWVLVWHPHOHGHPRQWHúLI W ULSUDFWLFDWHODQRL

Tabelul 5.2
6LVWHPHGHPRQWHúLI W ULvQWU RIHUP
- GHGHFDSHWH

9&UH DúLFRODE

Trimestrul
Sistemul
Specificarea I II III IV
monte 25 – 30 25 – 30 20 – 25 20 – 25
(úDORQDW

I W UL 25 – 30 20 – 25 20 – 25 25 –30
monte 25 - 30 40 30 – 35
Sezonier
(grupat) 70- 75
I W UL
25 - 30

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6  VH vQWRFPHDVF  ILúH WHKQRORJLFH SHQWUX WRDWH VSHFLLOH SH FDWHJRULL GH YkUVW  úL

deVWLQD LH6HYDIRORVLELEOLRJUDILDVSHFLILF